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ulciscor, ultus, 3, v. inch. dep. [etym. dub.].
- I. To avenge one’s self on, take vengeance on, or punish for wrong done (very freq. and class.; cf.: vindico, punio, persequor).
- A. With a personal object: ego pol illum ulciscar hodie Thessalum veneficum, Qui, etc., Plaut. Am. 4, 5, 9: ego illum fame, ego illum Siti, maledictis, malefactis, amatorem Ulciscar, id. Cas. 2, 1, 10: inimicos, id. Trin. 3, 1, 18: aliquem pro scelere, Caes. B. G. 1, 14: ulciscendi Romanos pro iis, quas acceperant, injuriis occasio, id. ib. 5, 38: odi hominem et odero: utinam ulcisci possem! sed illum ulciscentur mores sui, Cic. Att. 9, 12, 2: numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta, id. Mil. 33, 88: quos ego non tam ulcisci studeo, quam sanare, id. Cat. 2, 8, 17: quos intellegis non, ut per te alium, sed ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur, laborare, id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22: victos acerbius, Sall. J. 42, 4: Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro conjuge fratres, Prop. 1, 15, 15 (19): ulta pellicem, Hor. Epod. 3, 13; 5, 63; cf.: inimici ulciscendi causā, Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18: ejus casūs, quem ulciscitur, Quint. 6, 1, 18.
Absol.: has tris ulciscendi rationes Taurus scriptas reliquit, Gell. 7, 14, 5.
- B. To take revenge for, to avenge, punish injustice, wrongs, etc.; with a non-personal object: quā in re Caesar non solum publicas sed etiam privatas injurias ultus est, Caes. B. G. 1, 12: statuerunt, istius injurias per vos ulcisci, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9; id. Fam. 12, 1, 2: injurias rei publicae, id. Phil. 6, 1, 2: Etruscorum injurias bello, id. Rep. 2, 21, 38: cum alii ulcisci dolorem aliquem suum vellent, id. Sest. 20, 46: injuriam, id. Verr. 2, 1, 28, § 72: peccata peccatis et injurias injuriis, id. Inv. 2, 27, 81 al.; cf.: ultum ire injurias festinare, to proceed to revenge, to revenge, Sall. J. 68, 1: ultum ire scelera et injurias, Quint. 11, 1, 42: istius nefarium scelus, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68: patrui mortem, id. Rab. Perd. 5, 14: senis iracundiam, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 12: offensas tuas, Ov. Tr. 2, 134: barbaras Regum libidines, Hor. C. 4, 12, 8: illatum a Persis Graeciae bellum, Just. 2, 15, 13.
- II. Transf., with the person to whom wrong has been done as the object, to take vengeance for, to avenge a person (much less freq. but class.): quos nobis poëtae tradiderunt patris ulciscendi causā supplicium de matre sumpsisse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 66; Auct. Her. 1, 16, 26: caesos fratres, Ov. M. 12, 603: fratrem, id. ib. 8, 442: patrem justa per arma, id. F. 3, 710: numen utrumque, id. ib. 5, 574: cadentem patriam, Verg. A. 2, 576: quibus (armis) possis te ulcisci lacessitus, Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32: se, id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87; Plin. Ep. 8, 7, 2; Ov. M. 7, 397; id. P. 1, 8, 20: Hannibal se a transfugis ultus est, Front. Strat. 3, 16, 4.
Transf., of things: a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur: contactum namque eo celerius subinde rubiginem trahit, Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 146.
With the two constructions combined: non hercle ego is sum, qui sum, ni hanc injuriam meque ultus pulcre fuero, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 7.
Note:
- 1. Act. collat. form ulcisco, ĕre: nisi patrem materno sanguine exanclando ulciscerem, Enn. ap. Non. 292, 16 (Trag. v. 184 Vahl.).
- 2. ulciscor, ci, in a passive signif.: quicquid sine sanguine civium ulcisci nequitur, jure factum sit, Sall. J. 31, 8: ob iras graviter ultas, graviter ultae, Liv 2, 17, 7; so, ultus, avenged, Val. Fl. 4, 753: ulta ossa patris, Ov. H. 8, 120.