Lewis & Short

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1. ĭō, interj. [ἰώ], expressing joy,

  1. I. ho! huzza! hurra! io hymen hymenaee, io hymen, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 3; id. Ps. 2, 4, 11: miles, io, magna voce, triumphe, canet, Tib. 2, 5, 121 (118): io triumphe! Hor. C. 4, 2, 49: io, io, liber ad te venio, Plin. Ep. 3, 9.
  2. II. Expressing pain, oh! ah! io! enicas me miserum, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 21: uror, io, remove saeva puella faces! Tib. 2, 4, 6.
  3. III. Used in a sudden or vehement call, holla! look! quick! io! matres, audite, Verg. A. 7, 400: io! comites, his retia tendite silvis, Ov. M. 4, 513; id. A. A. 3, 742.

2. Īō, Iūs, and Īōn, Iōnis, f., = Ἰώ, a daughter of Inachus, king of Argos, beloved by Jupiter, and changed, through fear of Juno, into a cow; afterwards worshipped as an Egyptian deity, under the name of Isis.
Form Io, Ov. H. 14, 85; Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 17; Ov. M. 1, 588 sq.; Val. Fl. 4, 351 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 145.
Gen. Ius, Nemes. Cyn. 31.
Acc. Io, Ov. M. 1, 588; Amm. 2, 19, 29.
Abl. Io, Prop. 2, 13, 19.
Form Ion; dat. Ioni, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 20.
Acc. Ionem, Serv. Verg. A. 3, 153.

Iōannes, v. Joannes.

Iōb, is, and Iōbus, i, m., Job, Prud. Psych. 103; Vulg. Job, 1, 1 et saep.

Ĭŏcasta (quadrisyl.), ae, and Ĭŏcastē, ēs, f., = Ἰοκάστη, the wife of Lāïus, and mother of Œdipus, whom she married unknowingly, and had by him Eteocles and Polynices.
Form Iocasta, Stat. Th. 1, 681; Hyg. Fab. 66.
Form Iocaste, Hyg. Fab. 67; 242.

(iŏhĭa, false read. for ohe, Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 31; v. Ritschl ad h. l.)

Iol, is, f., the former name of the city of Cæsarea in Numidia, now Ser-Sel, Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Mel. 1, 6.

Ĭŏlāŭs, i, m., = Ἰόλαος, a son of Iphiclus, and constant companion of his uncle Hercules, Ov. M. 8, 310; 9, 399; 430.

Ĭolcos or Iolcus, i, m., = Ἰωλκός,

  1. I. a town and harbor of Thessaly, in Magnesia, on the Pelasgic Gulf, whence Jason is said to have sailed with the Argonauts, Liv. 44, 13, 4; Hor. Epod. 5, 21; Col. 10, 368; Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 9, 16, § 32.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Ĭolcĭăcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Iolcus, Iolchian: portus, Ov. M. 7, 158: foci, Prop. 2, 1, 56 (54): vota, Verg. Cir. 377.
    2. B. Ĭolci, ōrum, m., = Ἰωλκοί, the Iolchians, Serv. Verg. E. 4, 34.

Ĭŏlē, ēs, f., = Ἰόλη.

  1. I. A daughter of Eurytus, king of Œchalia, whom Hercules, after killing Eurytus, married to his son Hyllus, Ov. M. 9, 140; 278; 394; Hyg. Fab. 35.
  2. II. The name of a female slave, Prop. 4 (5), 5, 35.

Iollas, ae, m.

  1. I. A Trojan, Verg. A. 11, 640.
  2. II. A shepherd, Verg. E. 2, 57; 3, 76.
  3. III. A Greek writer on medicine, Plin. 34, 10, 22, § 104 al.

1. ĭon, ĭi, n. [ἴον].

  1. I. A kind of violet, Plin. 21, 11, 38, § 64; plur.: ia, id. 21, 6, 14, § 27.
  2. II. A precious stone of a violet color, Plin. 37, 10, 61, § 170.

2. Īon, ōnis, m., = Ἴων,

  1. I. an Athenian, son of Xuthus, who led a colony into Asia; from him is derived the name Ionia, Vitr. 4, 1; Stat. Th. 8, 454.
  2. II. A sculptor of the one hundred and thirteenth Olympiad, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 51.

Ĭōnas (or Jōnas, Vulg. Jon. 1, 1 al.), ae, m., = Ἰωνᾶς,

  1. I. the Hebrew prophet Jonah, Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 169; Sid. Carm. 16, 25.
  2. II. Deriv.: Ĭōnaeus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Jonah, Juvenc. 2, 711.

Ĭōnes, um, m. plur., = Ἴωνες, the inhabitants of Ionia, the Ionians, Mel. 1, 17, 1; Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 113; Cic. Fl. 27; Nep. Milt. 4, 1; also applied to the Athenians, Isid. Orig. 9, 2, 77.

Ĭōnĭa, v. Ionius.

ĭōnĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Ἰωνιακός, Ionian: puellae, Ov. H. 9, 13; id. A. A. 2, 219.

Ĭōnĭcē, adv., v. Ionicus fin.

Ĭōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Ἰωνικός, of or belonging to Ionia, Ionic.

  1. I. In gen.: gens, Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7: attagen, Hor. Epod. 2, 54; Mart. 13, 61, 2: motus, i. e. the Ionic dance, Hor. C. 3, 6, 21.
    Subst.
    1. A. Ĭōnĭ-cus, i, m., an Ionic dancer: qui Ionicus, aut cinaedicus, qui hoc tale facere possiet? Plaut. Stich. 5, 7, 1.
    2. B. Iōnĭca, ōrum, n., the Ionic dance: ego qui Ionica probe perdidici, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 29.
  2. II. Esp., metrical t. t., Ionic.
    1. A. Metrum Ionicum, an Ionic foot, which consists of a pyrrhic and a spondee; when the pyrrhic precedes, it is called Ionic a minore; when the spondee precedes, Ionic a majore, Serv. p. 1823 P.; Mar. Vict. 2538 P.
    2. B. Subst.: Iōnĭ-cus, i, m., an Ionic foot: a majore, Mar. Vict. p. 2536 P.: minor, id. p. 2539 P.
      (Adv.: Ĭōnĭcē, Gloss. ap. Gell. 6, 15 fin.).

Ĭōnis, ĭdis,

  1. I. adj. f., = Ἰωνίς, Ionian: Ionides insulae, Avien. Perieg. 722.
  2. II. Subst., an Ionian woman, Sen. Troad. 362.

Īōnĭus, a, um, adj., = Ἰώνιος or Ἰόννιος,

  1. I. of or belonging to Ionia, Ionian: attagen, Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 133: Ionium mare (or poet. aequor), or Ionii fluctus, Ionius sinus; or subst.: Ionium, i, n., the Ionic Sea, in the west of Greece: mare, Mel. 1, 3, 3; Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 88; Liv. 23, 33, 22; Verg. A. 5, 193: aequor, Ov. M. 15, 700: fluctus, Verg. G. 2, 108: sinus, Hor. Epod. 10, 19; and simply Ionium: insulae Ionio in magno, Verg. A. 3, 211: per Ionium vectus, Prop. 3 (4), 21, 19 (but Ionia is a false reading for Jovis, Plin. 37, 7, 29, § 103).
  2. II. Subst.: Ĭōnĭa, ae, f., = Ἰωνία, Ionia, a country of Asia Minor on the Ægean Sea, between Caria and Æolis, Mel. 1, 17; 2, 7, 4; Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112; Nep. Alc. 5, 6; Prop. 1, 6, 31; Ov. F. 6, 175 al.

Ĭos, i, f., = Ἴος, a small island of the Sporades, in the Ægean Sea, now Nio, Mel. 2, 7, 11; Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 69.Ĭētae, ārum, m., = Ἰῆται, the inhabitants of Ios, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 11, 6.

Iōseph, v. Joseph.

Iōsēphus, v. Josephus.

ĭōta, n. indec., = ἰῶτα, the name of the Greek ι, iota (in Gr. trisyl., in Lat. dissyl.): ut iota litteram tollas, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 43: unum de titulo tollere iota, Mart. 2, 93, 4.
Sometimes (on account of littera) ĭōta, ae, f., Aus. Idyll. in Monosyllab. de Litteris, (12), 23: littera iotae similis, id. ib. 7.

ĭōtăcismus, i, m., = ἰωτακισμός, iotacism, a too frequent repetition of the letter i, Mart. Cap. 5, § 514; or a doubling of its sound in pronunciation, Isid. Orig. 1, 31, 7.

jĕcur (jŏcur, Plin. 32, 7, 24, § 76 Sillig.

  1. I. N. cr.), jecŏris, jĕcĭnŏris, and jĕcĭnŏris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yakrit, jecur, and Gr. ἧπαρ], the liver.
    Lit.: cerebrum, cor, pulmones, jecur: haec enim sunt domicilia vitae, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99: portae jecoris, id. ib. 2, 55, 137: jecorum, id. Div. 1, 52, 118: caput jecoris, Liv. 8, 9: alterius quoque visceris morbus id est jocinoris, etc., Cels. 2, 8.
    The goose’s liver was considered a delicacy, Plin. 10, 22, 26, § 52; Mart. 13, 58, 1; Juv. 5, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 88. So, too, that of swine, Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 209.
  2. II. Esp. as the seat of the soul and affections: non ancilla tuum jecur ulceret ulla puerve, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 72: fervens difficili bile tumet jecur, id. C. 1, 13, 4: quanta siccum jecur ardeat ira, Juv. 1, 45: rabie jecur incendente feruntur, id. 6, 647.
    As the seat of the understanding: en cor Zenodoti, en jecur Cratetis, Bibacul. ap. Suet. Gram. 11.

jĕcuscŭlum, i, n. dim. [jecur], a little liver, Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33; Plin. 11, 37, 76, § 196; or jocusculum, Plin. l. l., Jahn; Apic. 4, 2.

Jōannes (trisyl. and quadrisyl.) and

Jōannis, is, m., = Ἰωάννης.

  1. I. John the Baptist, Lact. 4, 15, 2; Vulg. Matt. 3, 1.
    Nom. Joannis, Prud. Cath. 7, 46.
  2. II. John the Evangelist, Vulg. Matt. 4, 21; Prud. Apoth. 9.
    Nom. Joannis, Prud. Cath. 6, 108.

jŏcābundus, a, um, adj. [jocor], sportive, jocular (post-class.): juventus, Val. Max. 2, 4, 4; Lact. 2, 7, 11: satura, Mart Cap. 6, § 576.

* jŏcālĭter, adv. [jocus], for joculariter, jestingly, in joke, Amm. 15, 12, 3 dub. (al. joculariter, al. localiter).

jŏcātĭo, ōnis, f. [jocor], a joking, joke (class.): nunc venio ad jocationes tuas, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Att. 2, 8, 1; Auct. Her. 3, 14, 25.

jŏcĭnor, ŏris (jocineris, Plin. 22, 22, 38, § 80), the liver: morbus jocinoris, Cels. 2, 8; v. jecur.

jŏco, āre, v. jocor.

jŏcor, ātus, 1,

  1. I. v. dep. n. and a. [jocus], to jest, joke (class.): tu hanc jocari credis? faciet, nisi caveo, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 7: duplex jocandi genus, Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104; cf.: voluit Fortuna jocari, Juv. 3, 40.
  2. II. In partic., to say in jest: haec jocatus sum, Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 4: in aliquid permulta, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62: multum de aliqua re, Sen. Suas. 1, 6; Cat. 2, 6: obscaena, Ov. Tr. 2, 497; Quint. 5, 13, 46.
    Act. collat. form jŏco, āre: quasi jocabo, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 20 (al. jocabor).

jŏcōsē, adv., v. jocosus fin.

jŏcōsus, a, um, adj. [jocus], full of jesting, jocose, humorous, droll, facetious (class.).

  1. A. Of persons: homo humanus et jocosus, Varr. R. R. 2, 5: Maecenas, Hor. Epod. 3, 20: Musa, Ov. Tr. 2, 354.
  2. B. Of inanim. and abstr. things: res, Cic. Off. 1, 37: lis, Ov. M. 3, 332: verba, id. F. 6, 692: furtum, Hor. C. 1, 10, 7: Nilus, the sportive Nile, with reference to the merry lives of the Egyptians, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 80.
    Adv.: jŏ-cōsē, jestingly, jocosely: eumque lusi jocose satis, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 2.
    Comp.: dicere aliquid jocosius, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 4; Hor. S. 1, 4, 104.

jŏcŭlanter, adv., v. joculor fin.

jŏcŭlāris, e, adj. [joculus], facetious, jocular, laughable, droll (class.): audacia, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 84: joculare istuc quidem, Cic. Leg. 1, 20: licentia, id. Fat. 8.
Subst.: jŏcŭlārĭa, ium, n. plur., jests, jokes: ut qui jocularia ridens Percurram, Hor. S. 1, 1, 23: fundere, Liv. 7, 2.
Adv.: jŏcŭlā-rĭter, jocosely, in a jocular or comical manner: irridere, Ps.-Ascon. ap. Cic. Div. in Caecin. 11, 33: obicere aliquid alicui, Plin. 22, 22, 38, § 80: canere carmina, Suet. Caes. 49.

jŏcŭlārĭus, a, um, adj. [joculus], ludicrous, droll (poet.): malum, Ter. And. 4, 4, 43.

jŏcŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [joculor], a jest, joke (post-class.): joculationes cantusque exercebant, Firm. Math. 5, 5.

jŏcŭlātor, ōris, m. [joculor], a jester, joker (rare but class.): huic joculatorem senem illum interesse sane nolui, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.
Plur.: scenici, Firm. Math. 8, 22.

jŏcŭlātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [joculator], jesting, jocular.
In plur. subst., jests, jokes: joculatoria quaedam, Diom. p. 486 P. (but in Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3, the better reading is joculatorem; v. the preced. art.).

jŏcŭlor, āri [joculus], to jest, joke; only in part. pres.: incondita quaedam joculantes, Liv. 7, 10, 13.
Hence, adv.: jŏcŭlanter, jestingly, jokingly: compellare, Sid. Ep. 1, 2.

jŏcŭlus, i, m. dim. [jocus],

  1. I. a little jest or joke (a favorite word of Plautus): per joculum et ludum oblectare aliquem, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11; usu. in abl. manner: joculo dicere aliquid, to say a thing in jest, id. Merc. 5, 4, 33: Egone te joculo modo ausim dicto aut facto fallere? id. Most. 3, 3, 20; id. Rud. 3, 4, 24.
  2. II. Concr.: jŏ-cŭli, ōrum, m., toys, playthings, Vitr. 4, 1, 9.

jŏcundus, a, um, v. jucundus (late Lat.), Vop. Proc. 12, 6.

jŏcur, v. jecur.

jŏcus, i (plur. also joca, jocorum, n.; so always in Cic.), m. [perh. akin to Sanscr. root div, ludere; cf. jucundus], a jest, joke (class.): joci causa magistrum adhibes, for the sake of the joke, Cic. Phil. 2, 17, 42: defensio redundabat hilaritate quadam et joco, id. de Or. 2, 54, 221: ut ad ludum et jocum facti videamur, id. Off. 1, 29, 103: quicum joca seria, ut dicitur, id. Fin. 2, 26, 85: joca atque seria cum humillimis agere, Sall. J. 96, 2: seria ac jocos celebrare, Liv. 1, 4, 9: jocum accipimus quod est contrarium serio, Quint. 6, 3, 21; 68; 94: conviva joco mordente facetus, Juv. 9, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 5; Tac. A. 2, 13: agitare jocos cum aliquo, Ov. M. 3, 320; of jests of love, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65: seu tu querelas sive geris jocos, id. C. 3, 21, 2: materiam praebere causas jocorum, Juv. 3, 147; pastime, sport, Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 144: quibus jusjurandum jocus est, Cic. Fl. 5, 12: per jocum, in jest, by way of a joke, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 39; id. Poen. 5, 5, 42: joco an serio haec dicat, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 20; Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1.
So, too, joco quid dictum est per jocum, Plaut. Am. 2, 3, 35: ne joco quidem mentiretur, Nep. Ep. 3, 1: joco seriove, Liv. 7, 41, 3; Suet. Ner. 25; id. Aug. 53: extra jocum or remoto joco, joking aside, without joking: extra jocum, bellus est, Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 2: remoto joco, tibi praecipio, ut, etc., id. ib. 7, 11, 3: ludus et jocus, mere sport, a trifle, Liv. 28, 42: mille facesse jocos: turpe est nescire puellam Ludere, Ov. A. A. 3, 367.
Personified: quam Jocus circumvolat et Cupido, the god of jests, Hor. C. 1, 2, 34; Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 8.

jŏcuscŭlum, see jecusculum.

Jōnas, v. Ionas.

Joppē or Jŏpē, ēs, f. [Ἰόπη], Joppa, a seaport of Palestine, now Jaffa, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.
Hence, Joppĭcus, a, um, adj., of Joppa, Plin. 5, 14, 15, § 70.

Jordānes and Jordānis, is, m., the Jordan, the principal river of Palestine, Tac. H. 5, 6; Lact. 4, 15, 2; Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71.

Jōsēph or Ĭōsēph, m. indecl.

  1. I. Son of the patriarch Jacob, Just. 36, 2, 6; Vulg. Gen. 30, 24 al.
  2. II. The husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus, Vulg. Matt. 1, 16; Juvenc. 1, 272.
  3. III. An inhabitant of Arimathea, Juvenc. 4, 720; Vulg. Matt. 27, 57.

Jōsēphus, i. m., a Jewish historian, taken prisoner by Flavius Vespasian, of whom he prophesied that he would become emperor, Suet. Vesp. 5.

Jŏvĭālis, e, adj. [Jovis, Juppiter], of or pertaining to Jupiter (post-class.): stella, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 19: incontinentia, Arn. 5, 162.

Jŏvis, is, v. Juppiter init.

Jŏvis-jūrandum, i, n., a swearing by Jupiter; for jus-jurandum, Enn. ap. App. de Deo Socr. p. 45, 4 (but Vahl. reads jusjurandum Jovis, Trag. Fragm. v. 410).

1. Jŏvĭus, a, um, adj. [Jovis], of or belonging to Jupiter: nomen, Arn. 6, 194.

2. Jŏvĭus, ii, m.,

  1. I. a surname of the emperor Diocletian.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Jŏ-vĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Diocletian: cohors, a legion of honor instituted by Diocletian, Claud. B. Gild. 418.
    2. B. Jŏ-vĭānus, a, um, adj., the same; hence, subst.: Jŏvĭāni, soldiers of Diocletian’s legion of honor, Amm. 22, 3, 2 al.

jūcundus (jōcundus), a, um, adj. [jocus], pleasant, agreeable, delightful, pleasing (syn.: gratus, blandus; class.): est mihi jucunda in malis et grata in dolore vestra erga me voluntas, Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 1: comes, id. ib. 4, 6, 11: id vero militibus fuit pergratum et jucundum, Caes. B. C. 1, 86: verba ad audiendum, Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 213: jucunda captat praemia, Hor. Epod. 2, 36: sine amore jocisque nil est jucundum, id. Ep. 1, 6, 66; id. S. 2, 6, 62: Crispi jucunda senectus (i. e. senex jucundus), Juv. 4, 81: aqua potui jucunda, Plin. 6, 32, 37, § 203: agri, Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 40.
Absol.: pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt di, Juv. 10, 349.
Comp.: officia jucundiora, Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1: bonum jucundius vita, Juv. 13, 180.
Sup.: jucundissimi ludi, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 78: conspectus vester est mihi multo jucundissimus, Cic. de Imp. Pomp 1, 1.
Adv.: jūcundē, agreeably, delight fully: vivere, Cic. Cael. 6, 13: cantare et psallere, Suet. Tit. 3: herba jucunde olet, Plin. 20, 17, 69, § 177.
Comp.: bibere jucundius, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97: vivere, id. Fin. 1, 21, 72; 1, 18, 57.
Sup.: vivere, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 70: loqui, Val. Max. 7, 2, 8 ext.; 6, 2, 11 ext.