Lewis & Short

Parsing inflected forms may not always work as expected. If the following does not give the correct word, try Latin Words or Perseus.

1. sĕro, sēvi, sătum, 3, v. a. [for seso, root sa-; Gr. σάω, σήθω, to sift], to sow, plant (freq. and class.; syn.: planto, semino, consero).

  1. I. Lit., with acc., either of the plant, seed, etc., sown, or of the land cultivated: ubi tempus erit, effodito seritoque recte … Quae diligentius seri voles, in calicibus seri oportet, Cato, R. R. 133, 2: serendum viciam, lentem, cicerculam, etc., Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2: oleam et vitem, Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 16: frumenta, Caes. B. G. 5, 14: ut tantum decumae sit, quantum severis: hoc est, ut quot jugera sint sata, totidem medimna decumae debeantur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112: agri molliti et oblimati ad serendum, id. N. D. 2, 52, 130: serit arbores, quae alteri saeculo prosint, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31; Cic. Sen. 7, 24; 17, 59: nullam sacrā vite prius severis arborem, Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 6: semina, Verg. G. 1, 193: surculos, Auct. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 69, 278: aliquid in inculto et derelicto solo, Cic. Brut. 4, 16: iste serendus ager, Ov. A. A. 2, 668: sulcos, Tib. 2, 3, 70: vera ratio serendi, Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224.
    Freq. in part. perf.: multa erant inter eum locum manu sata, Caes. B. C. 3, 44: saepe satas alio vidi traducere messes, Verg. E. 8, 99; id. G. 3, 176.
    Hence, subst.: săta, ōrum, n., standing corn, crops, Verg. E. 3, 82; id. G. 1, 325; id. A. 2, 306; 12, 454; Ov. M. 1, 286; Plin. 16, 25, 39, § 94; Pall. 1, 43.
    Prov.: mihi istic nec seritur nec metitur, i. e. I have no benefit from it, it’s nothing to me, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 80.
    1. B. Transf., of persons, to beget, bring forth, produce; only in part. perf. in pass. sense, begotten, sprung forth, born, etc.: Tertullae nollem abortum: tam enim Cassii sunt jam quam Bruti serendi, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 2; id. Leg. 1, 8, 24: non temere nec fortuito sati et creati sumus, id. Tusc. 1, 49, 118; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 60; id. Univ. 12, 35: hic satus ad pacem, Prop. 3, 9, 19.
      With ex: ex Tantalo ortus Pelops, ex Pelope autem satus Atreus, Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 57.
      With de: Ilia cum Lauso de Numitore sati, Ov. F. 4, 54.
      With ab: largo satos Curetas ab imbri, Ov. M. 4, 282.
      With simple abl. (so most freq.): Camertem Magnanimo Volscente satum, Verg. A. 10, 562: sole satus Phaëthon, Ov. M. 1, 751: sata Tiresiā Manto, id. ib. 6, 157 et saep.: sate sanguine divum, sprung from, Verg. A. 6, 125: non sanguine humano sed stirpe divinā satum se esse, Liv. 38, 58, 7: o sate gente deum, Verg. A. 8, 36: matre satos unā, Ov. M. 5, 141; so, matre, id. F. 3, 799; Nereide, id. M. 12, 93; cf.: Bacchum vocant satumque iterum solumque bimatrem, id. ib. 4, 12.
      Hence, satus (sata) aliquo, for a son (or daughter) of any one: satus Anchisa, i. e. Æneas, Verg. A. 5, 244; 5, 424; 6, 331; 7, 152: Hammone satus, i. e. Iarbas, id. ib. 4, 198: satae Peliā, Ov. M. 7, 322: sati Curibus, sprung from, natives of Cures, id. ib. 14, 778.
  2. II. Trop., to sow the seeds of any thing, to found, establish, to scatter, disseminate, propagate, produce, to cause, occasion, excite, etc.: leges, instituta, rem publicam, Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31: diuturnam rem publicam, to found, establish, id. Rep. 2, 3, 5: mores, id. Leg. 1, 6, 20: aere vulnera vasta serebant, scattered, Lucr. 5, 1290; so, vulnera pugnantis tergo, Sil. 5, 235: lites, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 10: negotium, id. Most. 5, 1, 51; cf.: (Hamilcar) Romanum sevit puerili in pectore bellum, Sil. 1, 80: civiles discordias, Liv. 3, 40, 10: causam discordiarum, Suet. Calig. 26: crimina in senatum apud infimae plebis homines, Liv. 24, 23 fin.: invidiam in alios, Tac. H. 2, 86: rumores, Verg. A. 12, 228; Curt. 8, 9, 1: opinionem, Just. 8, 3, 8: sibi causas sollicitudinum, Sen. Ep. 104, 12.

1. sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

  1. I. Of persons: nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6: quam severus! Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21: civis severus et gravis, Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.: omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc., id. de Or. 2, 56, 228: Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus, id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.: Stoicorum secta severissima, Quint. 1, 10, 15: agricolae, hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357: Cures, Verg. A. 8, 638: Zethus, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.: rumores senum severiorum, Cat. 5, 2.
    Of those who live a sober and temperate life: at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate, Cat. 27, 6: adimam cantare severis, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13: legis custodes, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so, judices severi in eos solos, id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.: severissimos atque integerrimos judices, id. Verr. 1, 10, 30: ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā, id. ib.: ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram, Hor. Epod. 11, 19: auctor e severissimis, Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274: Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit, id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).
    1. B. In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare): Neptunus saevus severusque, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6: idem acerbe severus in filium, Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.): in me severior quam in vos, Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21: Eumenidum turba, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.
  2. II. Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.: severā fronte curas cogitans, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46: vultus severior et tristior, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107: frons, Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9: divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas, Stat. Achill. 1, 288: animus (opp. mitis), Quint. 3, 9, 7: disciplina maxime severa, id. 1, 2, 5: imperia severiora, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43: judicia severa, id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133: lex, Ov. P. 3, 3, 57: severiora judicia, Quint. 4, 2, 122: severiores leges, id. 12, 1, 40; cf.: Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor, Vell. 1, 6, 3: imperii severissimi vir, Liv. 4, 26: quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51: linque severa, Hor. C. 3, 8, 28: paulo severior poena, Sall. C. 51, 15.
    Of style: sententiae graves et severae, Cic. Brut. 95, 325: triste et severum genus dicendi, id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.: severae Musa tragoediae, Hor. C. 2, 1, 9: fidibus voces crevere severis, id. A. P. 216.
    1. B. Severe, dreadful, gloomy: severus Uncus abest, Hor. C. 1, 35, 19: silentia noctis, Lucr. 4, 460: heims, Quint. Decl. 4, 14: amnem Cocyti metuet, Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat … Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).
      Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).
    1. A. sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19: graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono, id. Fin. 2, 8, 24: vetuit (with graviter), Quint. 11, 3, 148: uti judicio, id. 1, 3, 4: aestimatae lites, Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51: vindicare Hiempsalis mortem, Sall. J. 15, 3: dicere, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40: domesticam disciplinam regere, Suet. Caes. 48.
      Comp.: ad aliquem severius scribere, Caes. B. C. 3, 25: adhibere aliquem, Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3: coërcere matrimonia, Just. 3, 3, 8.
      Sup.: sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant, Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so, exacta aetas, id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44: dicere jus, Suet. Caes. 43.
    2. B. sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.
    3. * C. sĕvērum, harshly, austerely: nunc severum vivitur, Prud. Cath. 2, 33.