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urbānātim, adv. [urbanus], after the manner of city people, politely, urbanely: at ego rusticatim tangam, urbanatim nescio, Pomp. ap. Non. 409, 2, and 166, 31.

urbānē, adv., v. urbanus fin.

urbānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj. [urbanus]; in milit. lang., garrisoned in the city (of Rome): milites, Dig. 4, 6, 35, § 4; Spart. Carac. 4; id. Get. 6 (called urbanae cohor tes, Dig. 25, 1, 8, § 9).

urbānĭtas, ātis, f. [urbanus], a living in a city, city life.

  1. I. Lit.: desideria urbis et urbanitatis, Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1: in urbis urbanitatisque desiderio, id. ib. 7, 17, 1.
  2. II. Transf., city fashion, city manners, both in a good and in a bad sense.
    1. A. In a good sense.
      1. 1. Refinement, elegance of manner, politeness, courtesy, affability, urbanity: addo urbanitatem, quae est virtus, ut Stoici rectissime putant, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.
      2. 2. Refinement, delicacy, or elegance of speech: urbanitate quādam quasi colorata oratio, Cic. Brut. 46, 170; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 17 (opp. rusticitas); 6, 3, 103 sq.
        1. b. In partic., wit, humor, pleasantry, raillery: contumelia si petulantius jactatur, convicium; si facetius, urbanitas nominatur, Cic. Cael. 3, 6: in quantam hominum facetorum urbanitatem incurratis, non dico, id. Fin. 2, 31, 103: ut aliquando subtilitatem veteris urbanitatis et humanissimi sermonis attingerem, id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2: vides exaruisse jam veterem urbanitatem, id. Fam. 7, 31, 2: mancipiorum urbanitas in dominos contumeliosa, Sen. Const. 11, 3: in jocis, Quint. 2, 5, 8: oratoria, id. 6, 3, 14: risus si aptus est, urbanitatis nomen adsequitur, id. 8, 6, 74; 10, 1, 115.
    2. B. In a bad sense, trickery, roguery, knavery: incuriosos milites (vernaculā utebantur urbanitate) quidam spoliavere, Tac. H. 2, 88; so, vernula, Petr. 24.

urbānus, a, um, adj. [urbs], of or belonging to the city or town, city-, town- (opp. rusticus; cf.: urbicus, oppidanus).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Adj.: nostri majores non sine causā praeponebant rusticos Romanos urbanis, Varr. R. R. 2, praef. § 1: rustica et urbana vita, id. ib. 3, 1, 1: vita (opp. rustica), Quint. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 17: urbani assidui cives, quos scurras vocant, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165: scurra, id. Most. 1, 1, 14: leges, id. Rud. 4, 3, 85: tribus, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38: praetor, Caes. B. C. 3, 20: plebes, Sall. C. 37, 4: servitia, id. ib. 24, 4: exercitus, Liv. 27, 3, 9: administratio rei publicae (opp. provincialis), Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43: res, Plaut. Cas. 1, 13; Caes. B. G. 7, 6: motus, id. ib. 7, 1: luxus, Tac. A. 2, 44: praedia, land and houses, all land covered by buildings (v. praedium), Dig. 50, 16, 198; 8, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8, tit. 2: fundus, Cato, R. R. 8, 2: rus, Just. 31, 2: cohortes, Dig. 25, 1, 8, § 9.
      1. 2. Subst.: urbā-nus, i, m., an inhabitant of a city, a city man, citizen: urbani fiunt rustici, Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 15 sq.: omnes urbani, rustici, Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 77: sermo omnis non modo urbanorum, sed etiam rusticorum, id. Or. 24, 81: otiosi, Liv. 5, 20, 6: obrepere urbanis, Plin. Ep. 9, 20, 2.
    2. B. Esp., devoted to the city, fond of city life: diligere secessum, quem tu nimis urbanus es, nisi concupiscis, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 29.
  2. II. Transf., in the city fashion, in the city style, citizenlike, both in a good and a bad sense.
    1. A. In a good sense.
      1. 1. Polished, refined, cultivated, courteous, affable, urbane (syn.: comis, humanus): hominem non solum sapientem, verum etiam, ut nunc loquimur urbanum, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 34 sq.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17.
        1. b. Transf., of plants, improved, cultivated, ornamental: sunt arborum quaedam urbaniores, quas his placet nominibus distinguere. Hae mites, quae fructu atque aliqua dote umbrarumve officio humaniusjuvant, non improbe dicantur urbanae. Plin. 16, 19, 32, § 78: acanthi topiariae et urbanae herbae, id. 22, 22, 34, § 76.
      2. 2. Of speech.
        1. a. In gen., refined, polished, elegant. nice, choice: in vocibus nostrorum oratorum recinit quiddam et resonat urbanius, Cic. Brut. 46, 171: genus dicendi, Quint. 2, 8, 4: os facile, explanatum, jucundum, urbanum, id est, in quo nulla neque rusticitas neque peregrinitas resonet, id. 11, 3, 30: distinctior et urbanior et altior Cicero, Tac. Or. 18.
        2. b. In partic., of wit, witty, humorous, facetious: urbanus homo erit, cujus multa bene dicta responsaque erunt: et qui in sermonibus, circulis, conviviis, item in contionibus, omni denique loco ridicule commodeque dicet, Domit. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 105: dictum per se urbanum, id. 6, 3, 54: circumfertur Marcii Philippi velut urbanissimum factum atque dictum, Col. 8, 16, 3: qui est in isto genere urbanissimus, Cic. Cael. 15, 36: Romani veteres atque urbani sales, id. Fam. 9, 15, 2: homines lauti et urbani, id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17: hic tibi comis et urbanus liberque videtur, witty, clever, Hor. S. 1, 4, 90: urbanus coepit haberi, id. Ep. 1, 15, 27: in senatu dicax et urbanus et bellus, Plin. Ep. 4, 25, 3: urbanos qui illa censuerunt dicam an miseros? Dicerem urbanos, si senatum deceret urbanitas, id. ib. 8, 6, 3.
    2. B. In a bad sense, bold, forward, impudent: frontis ad urbanae descendi praemia, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 11: audacia, Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 8.
      Adv.: urbānē (acc. to II. A.).
      1. 1. Courteously, civilly, affably, politely, urbanely: severe et graviter et prisce agere, an remisse ac leniter et urbane, Cic. Cael. 14, 33: urbanius agere, id. ib. 15, 36: urbanissime et prudentissime adjuvit, Treb. Gallien. 14.
        More freq.,
      2. 2. Of speech, wittily, acutely, elegantly, happily: aliquem facete et urbane ridere, Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 39: bene et urbane dicere, Quint. 6, 3, 42; 5, 7, 26; 6, 1, 46 al.: interrogare, id. 11, 3, 126: emendare, id. 8, 3, 54: urbanius elabi, id. 2, 11, 2: urbanissime respondere, Gell. 15, 5, 3.

* urbĭcăpus, i, m. [urbs-capio], a city taker, taker of cities: urbicape, occisor regum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 64.

urbĭcārĭus, a, um, adj. [urbicus], of or belonging to the city (post-class.): regiones, Cod. Th. 11, 28, 14: praefectura, Cod. Just. 3, 24, 1.

* urbĭcrĕmus, a, um, adj. [urbs-cremo], city burning: nubes (of the destruction of Sodom), Prud. Ham. 729.

1. urbĭcus, a, um, adj. [urbs], of or belonging to the city, city-, civic (post-Aug.): res rusticae et urbicae, Gell. 15, 1, 3: annona, Suet. Aug. 18: res, id. Ner. 14: negociatores, id. Caes. 49: magistratus, id. Aug. 46: praefectus, Lampr. Heliog. 20; Mart. 1, 54, 5: viae, Dig. 43, 8, 1.

2. Urbĭcus, i, m., the name of a poet, Juv. 6, 71; Mart. 1, 42, 11.

Urbigenus pāgus, a canton in Helvetia, perh. the mod. Orbe, in Vaud, Caes. B. G. 1, 27; Inscr. Orell. 403.

Urbīnum, i, n., a town in Umbria, Tac. H. 3, 62; Inscr. Orell. 3714.
Hence, Urbīnas, ātis, adj., of or belonging to Urbinum: Petissius, Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 19; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 84 Müll.
In plur.: Urbī-nātes, um, m., the inhabitants of Urbinum, Plin. 3, 14, 19, § 114; Inscr. Orell. 999.

Urbĭus (Orbĭus, Fest. p. 182 Müll.) clivus, in Rome on the Esquiline Hill, Liv. 1, 48, 6; Sol. 1, § 25; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 525; and Müll. ad Fest. l. l.

urbs, urbis (dat. VRBEI, Corp. Inscr. Lat. 206), f. [Sanscr. vardh-, to make strong; cf. Pers. vard-ana, city], a walled town, a city.

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen.: hi coetus sedem primum certo loco domiciliorum causā constituerunt: quam cum locis manuque sepsissent, ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt, delubris distinctam spatiisque communibus, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41; cf.: post ea qui fiebat orbis, urbis principium, Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.: urbs dicitur ab orbe, quod antiquae civitates in orbem flebant, id. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 12: interea Aeneas urbem designat aratro, Verg. A. 5, 755 Serv.: veni Syracusas, quod ab eā urbe … quae tamen urbs, etc., Cic. Phil. 1, 3, 7: certabant urbem Romam Remoramne vocarent, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 85 Vahl.): arce et urbe sum orba, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 ib.): urbes magnae et imperiosae, id. Rep. 1, 2, 3: urbs illa praeclara (Syracusae), id. ib. 3, 31, 43: duabus urbibus eversis inimicissimis huic imperio, id. Lael. 3, 11.
        Rarely, and mostly poet., with the name of the city in gen.: urbs Patavi, Buthroti, Verg. A. 1, 247; 3, 293: Cassius in oppido Antiochiae cum omni exercitu, Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1.
        With adj. prop.: urbs Romana = Roma, Liv. 9, 41, 16; 22, 37, 12; 40, 36, 14; Flor. 1, 13, 21.
        Of other cities (rare and post-class.): Lampsacenae urbis salus, Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4: in urbe Aquilejensi, Paul. v. S. Ambros. 32: urbs urbium, a metropolis, Flor. 2, 6, 35.
      2. 2. In partic., the city of Rome (like ἄστυ, of Athens): postquam Urbis appellationem, etiamsi nomen proprium non adiceretur, Romam tamen accipi sit receptum, Quint. 6, 3, 103; cf. id. 8, 2, 8; 8, 5, 9: hujus urbis condendae principium profectum a Romulo, Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 47, 71; 1, 1, 1; 1, 37, 58: (Caesar) maturat ab urbe proficisci, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: de urbe augendā quid sit promulgatum, non intellexi, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 1: conditor urbis (Romulus), Ov. F. 1, 27: (pater) Dextera sacras jaculatus arces Terruit urbem, Hor. C. 1, 2, 4: minatus urbi vincla, id. Epod. 9, 9; called also urbs aeterna, Amm. 14, 6, 1.
        Ad urbem esse, to stop at or near Rome; in publicists’ lang., of returning generals, who had to remain outside of the city till the Senate decreed them the right of entrance; or of provincial magistrates who were preparing for departure to their provinces, Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45 Ascon.; 2, 2, 6, § 17; Sall. C. 30, 4; Caes. B. C. 6, 1.
    1. B. Transf., as in Engl.
      1. 1. The city, for the citizens (rare; cf. civitas): invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam, Verg. A. 2, 265: maesta attonitaque, Juv. 11, 198: bene moratae, Auct. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 24.
      2. 2. The capital city, metropolis (post-class.): si tam vicinum urbi municipium sit, ut, etc., Dig. 39, 2, 4 fin.; Cod. Th. 14, 1, 3.
  2. * II. Trop.: urbem philosophiae, mihi crede, proditis, dum castella defenditis, i. e. the main point, Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37.

urvo (urbo), āre, v. n. [urvum], to plough round, mark out with a plough: urvat, Ennius in Andromedā significat circumdat, ab eo sulco, qui fit in urbe condendā urvo aratri … Ait autem: Circum sese urvat ad pedes, etc., Fest. p. 375 Müll. N. cr. (Trag. v. 141 Vahl.); cf.: urvare est aratro definire, Dig. 50, 16, 239, § 6.

urvum (urbum), i, n., the curved part of a plough, the plough-tail, with which the bounds of cities were marked out, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 10 Schneid. N. cr.; cf. id. L. L. 5, §§ 127 and 135 Müll.; Dig. 50, 16, 239, § 6.