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tŏga, ae, f. [tego], a covering, garment.
- I. In gen. (ante-class. and rare): praeterea quod in lecto togas ante habebant; ante enim olim fuit commune vestimentum et diurnum et nocturnum et muliebre et virile, Varr. ap. Non. 541, 2: incinctā togā, Afran. ib. 540, 33; cf. comic.: ne toga cordylis, ne paenula desit olivis, Mart. 13, 1, 1.
- * B. A roofing, roof: (toga) dicitur et tectum, Non. 406, 21.
- II. In partic., the outer garment of a Roman citizen in time of peace, long, broad, and flowing, and consisting of a single piece of stuff; the toga or gown.
- A. Lit.: sed quod pacis est insigne et otii toga, Cic. Pis. 30, 73: quem tenues decuere togae, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 32: ima, Quint. 11, 3, 139: pexa, Mart. 2, 44, 1: rasa, id. 2, 88, 4: toga praetexta, the toga of magistrates and free-born children, ornamented with purple; v. praetexo: toga pura, the unornamented toga of youth who had laid aside the praetexta: Ciceroni meo togam puram cum dare Arpini vellem, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 1; 5, 20, 9; 7, 8, 5; called more freq. virilis, id. Sest. 69, 144; id. Phil. 2, 18, 44; Liv. 26, 19, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2; and: toga libera, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 132; Ov. F. 3, 771; cf.: a patre ita eram deductus ad Scaevolam sumptā virili togā, Cic. Lael. 1, 1: toga picta, worn by a victor in his triumph, Liv. 10, 7, 9; 30, 15, 11; Flor. 1, 5, 6: purpurea, worn by kings, Liv. 27, 4, 11; 31, 11, 12: candida, the toga worn by candidates for office, made of white fulled cloth; v. candidus: pulla, the dark-gray toga of mourners; v. pullus; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 107 sq.; 2, pp. 55 and 74 sq. (2d edit.).
- B. Transf.
- 1. As a designation for peace: ex quo genere haec sunt, Liberum appellare pro vino, campum pro comitiis, togam pro pace, arma ac tela pro bello, Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167: cedant arma togae, id. poët. Off. 1, 22, 77; id. Pis. 30, 73: vir omnibus belli ac togae dotibus eminens, Vell. 1, 12, 3; Tert. Pall. 5.
Also of the Roman national character; hence, togae oblitus, forgetful of Rome, Hor. C. 3, 5, 10.
- 2. As, in the times of the emperors, the toga went more and more out of use, and became almost exclusively the garment of clients, poet. for a client: eheu quam fatuae sunt tibi Roma togae, Mart. 10, 18, 4; 10, 47, 5; cf. Plin. Pan. 65; Flor. 4, 12, 32.
- 3. As women of loose character were not allowed to wear the proper female garment (the stola), and assumed the toga, poet. for a prostitute: si tibi cura togae est potior pressumque quasillo Scortum, Tib. 4, 10, 3.
* tŏgātārĭus, ii, m. [togatus], an actor in the Fabula togata, Suet. Aug. 45 (al. togatarum).
tŏgātŭlus, i, m. dim. [toga, II. B. 2.], a man of humble station, a little client, Mart. 10, 74, 3; 11, 24, 11.
tŏgātus, a, um, adj. [toga],
- I. wearing the toga, clad in the toga, gowned: fovebit Romanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam, Verg. A. 1, 282: ut togatus mandata senatus audiret, Liv. 3, 26, 9.
- II. Transf., of a private station: sportula turbae rapienda togatae, by the crowd of clients (cf. toga, II. B. 2.), Juv. 1, 96: opera, the service of a client, Mart. 3, 46, 1.
Hence, subst.
- A. tŏgātus, i, m., lit., a Roman citizen, opp. to a foreigner or to a Roman soldier: judex modo palliatus modo togatus, Cic. Phil. 5, 5, 14: cui uni togato supplicationem decreverit (senatus), id. Sull. 30, 85: unus e togatorum numero, id. de Or. 1, 24, 111: magna caterva togatorum, id. Rosc. Am. 46, 135: crudelitas in togatos, to Romans, id. Rab. Post. 10, 27: non pudet lictorum vestrorum majorem prope numerum in foro conspici quam togatorum? Liv. 3, 52, 7: inter togatos, Sen. Const. 9, 2; Sall. J. 21, 2.
In the time of the emperors togati seems to have been the designation of the citizens, in opposition to the plebs sordida, the tunicati, the third class, Tac. Or. 6; cf. Roth in Jahn’s Neues Jahrb. 1858, vol. 77, p. 286 sq.
- 2. (Acc. to toga, II. B. 2.) Under the emperors, a man of humble station, a client, Juv. 7, 142.
- B. tŏgāta, ae, f. (sc. fabula), a species of the Roman drama which treated of Roman subjects, the national drama, Diom. p. 487 P.; Sen. Ep. 8, 7; Hor. A. P. 288; Vell. 2, 9, 3; Cic. Sest. 55, 118; Quint. 10, 1, 100; Suet. Ner. 11; id. Gram. 21; cf. Com. Rel. p. 113 sq. Rib.
- 2. (Acc. to toga, II. B. 3.) Togata, of an immodest woman, a prostitute: ancilla, Hor. S. 1, 2, 63; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 82; Mart. 6, 64, 4.
- III. Esp.: Gallia Togata, the part of Gallia Cisalpina acquired by the Romans on the hither side of the Po, Mel. 2, 4, 2; Plin. 3, 14, 19, § 112; Hirt. B. G. 8, 24, 3; 8, 52, 1.
tŏgŭla, ae, f. dim. [toga], a little toga: togulae lictoribus praesto fuerunt, Cic. Pis. 23, 55: picta, id. Att. 1, 18, 6: trita quidem nobis togula est, Mart. 9, 101, 5.