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sŭperbĭa, ae, f. [superbus].

  1. I. In a bad sense, loftiness, haughtiness, pride, arrogance (syn.: arrogantia, insolentia, fastidium, fastus): num sibi aut stultitia accessit aut superat superbia? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77: magnitudinem animi superbia (imitatur) in animis extollendis, Cic. Part. Or. 23, 81: divitiae dedecoris plenae sunt et insolentis superbiae, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: abicio superbiam, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 10: in rebus prosperis superbiam magno opere, fastidium arrogantiamque fugiamus, id. Off. 1, 26, 90; so (with fastidium) id. Rep. 1, 32, 48; (with arrogantia) id. Inv. 1, 54, 105; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 4, 16, 8; (with avaritia) Liv. 43, 2, 2; (with insolentia, contumacia) Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41, § 89; (with importunitas), id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; id. Lael. 15, 54; (with inhumanitas) id. de Or. 1, 22, 99; (with crudelitas) Liv. 8, 33, 11; (opp. moderatio) id. 8, 33, 13: domicilium superbiae, id. Agr. 2, 35, 97: pone superbiam, Hor. C. 3, 10, 9: superbiam alicujus retundere, Phaedr. 4, 23, 21: in vultu damnosa superbia vestro, Ov A. A. 3, 509: silentium ipsius in superbiam accipiebatur, was interpreted as pride, Tac. A. 6, 19 (13) fin.: absit superbia, asperitas, Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 5: nec tanta superbia victis, Verg. A. 1, 529.
    Plur.: secundas fortunas decent superbiae, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28.
      1. 2. Conceit, vanity: legatos, velut ad ludibrium stolidae superbiae in senatum vocatos esse, Liv. 45, 3, 3.
      2. 3. Rudeness, discourtesy: superbiam tuam accusant, quod negent te percontantibus respondere, Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 3.
    1. * B. Transf., of things: album opus propter superbiam candoris concipit fumum, the delicacy of white (as a color), Vitr. 7, 3, 4.
  2. II. In a good sense, lofty spirit, honorable pride (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): sume superbiam Quaesitam meritis, Hor. C. 3, 30, 14: nec tantam Vespesiano superbiam, Tac. H. 3, 66.
    1. B. Transf., of things: eadem causa in piris taxatur superbiae cognomine, Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 53; cf. superbus, II. B. 1.

sŭper-bĭbo, ĕre, v. n., to drink upon or after, Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 42; Cael. Aur. Acut. 1, 14, 110.

* sŭperbĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [superbusfacio], proud-making, that renders proud: manus, Sen. Herc. Fur. 58.

* sŭperbĭlŏquentĭa, ae, f. [superbusloquor], haughty or proud speaking, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35.

sŭperbĭo, īre, 4, v. n. [superbus], to be haughty or proud, to take pride in a thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

  1. I. Lit.: si habes quod liqueat, neque respondes, superbis, * Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 94 Orell. (dub.; B. and K. and Halm, superbe): ut nostris tumefacta superbiat Umbria libris, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 63: avi nomine, Ov. M. 11, 218: patriis actis, id. H. 8, 43: formā multa superbit avis, id. Med. Fac. 34: formā, id. A. A. 3, 103: nimis triumviratu suo, Plin. 9, 35, 59, § 122: honore, Phaedr. 5, 7, 38: superbire miles, quod, etc., Tac. A. 1, 19 fin.
    Poet. with inf.: spoliare superbit Oenides, disdains, Stat. Th. 8, 588.
    Absol., Vulg. Deut. 17, 12 al.
  2. II. Transf., of things and in a good sense, to be superb, splendid, magnificent: et quae sub Tyriā concha superbit aquā, Prop. 4 (5), 5, 22: torus radiis auri, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 79: silva Phlegraeis exuviis, id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337: hac (gemma) apud Menandrum et Philemonem fabulae superbiunt, Plin. 37, 7, 33, § 106.

sŭperbĭter, adv., v. superbus fin.

sŭperbus, a, um, adj. [super; cf. Gr. ὑπέρβιος].

  1. I. In a bad sense, that thinks himself above others, haughty, proud, arrogant, insolent, discourteous, uncivil, rude, supercilious, domineering (cf.: arrogans, insolens, fastidiosus, vanus, elatus): reges odisse superbos, Poët. ap. Cic. Att. 6, 3, 7: reges, Lucr. 5, 1222: domini, id. 2, 1091; Verg. A. 12, 236: juvenis, id. ib. 3, 326; 10, 514: victor, id. G. 3, 226: non decet superbum esse hominem servom, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64: freti virtute et viribus superbi, id. Am. 1, 1, 58: superbum se praebuit in fortunā, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 1: vide ne superbi (animi) sit aspernari ejusdem liberalitatem, id. Fam. 4, 9, 4: atque meo nunc Superbus incedis malo, Hor. Epod. 15, 18: licet superbus ambules pecuniā, id. ib. 4, 5: opibus superbi, Verg. A. 5, 268: utrum superbiorem te pecunia facit, an quod te imperator consulit, Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 1: laudato pavone superbior, Ov. M. 13, 802: homines superbissimi, Sall. J. 31, 12; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 6: eum, qui de suā unius sententiā omnia gerat, superbum judico magis quam sapientem, Liv. 44, 22, 11: non respondere vereor, ne superbum sit, id. 42, 40, 2.
    In a pun on the literal meaning of super: Merc. Faciam ego te superbum, nisi hinc abis. So. Quonam modo? Merc. Auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero, I will make you, i. e. one who rides or is carried, rather than walks, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 201.
        1. b. Transf., of things concr. or abstr.: aures, Liv. 34, 5, 13: oculi, Ov. M. 6, 169: arces, Hor. Epod. 7, 5: postisque superbos Unguit amaracino, Lucr. 4, 1179: sceptra, id. 5, 1137: voces, id. 5, 1173: dens, delicate, fastidious, squeamish, Hor. S. 2, 6, 87: corpus, id. ib. 2, 2, 109: inguen, id. Epod. 8, 19: manus, Sen. Med. 205: vultus, id. Herc. Fur. 721: non est inhumana virtus neque immanis neque superba, Cic. Lael. 14, 50: victoria, quae naturā insolens et superba est, id. Marcell. 3, 9: pax, Liv. 9, 12, 1: jura, id. 31, 29, 9; cf.: superbissima lex, id. 4, 4, 10: mutatio vestis, id. 9, 18, 4: vita, Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 48: aures quarum est judicium superbissimum, i. e. very severe, utterly impartial, Cic. Or. 44, 150: scilicet aspera mea natura, difficilis aditus, superba responsa, uncivil, arrogant, id. Vatin. 3, 8: cujus tu superbissima decreta et preces repudiasti, id. Pis. 27, 64: ipsum dicendi genus nihil superbum, nihil elatum saltem ac sublime desideret, Quint. 6, 2, 19; cf. id. 11, 1, 37.
          With foll. inf., Sil. 3, 374; 12, 433; 14, 646.
          Neutr. absol.: reliqua multo major multitudo neque excluderetur suffragiis, ne superbum esset, nec valeret nimis, ne esset periculosum, Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39: superba loqui, Prop. 1, 10, 22.
          Superbum est, with a subject-clause, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 45; Ov. M. 13, 17.
    1. B. Sŭperbus, i, m., surname of the younger Tarquin, the last king of Rome, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; Liv. 1, 49, 1; Ov. F. 2, 718 al.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58.
  2. II. In a good sense, proud, superior, excellent, distinguished; splendid, magnificent, superb (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): quae (virtus) inter hanc fortunam et illam superba incedit cum magno utriusque contemptu, Sen. Ep. 76, 21: populum late regem belloque superbum, Verg. A. 1, 21: animae virtute et factis, Sil. 10, 573: triumphus, Hor. C. 1, 35, 3; 1, 37, 31: merum, id. ib. 2, 14, 27; cf.: limina civium potentiorum, id. Epod. 2, 7: postes, id. C. 4, 15, 7: Tibur, Verg. A. 7, 630: Phoebe superbe lyrā, Tib. 4, 2, 22: sedes Dolopum, Verg. A. 2, 785; Cat. 64, 85: domus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 509: dapes, Mart. 3, 45, 3.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Superba pira, an excellent kind of pear, perh. the muscatel, Col. 5, 10, 18; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54; cf. superbia, II. B.
      2. 2. Olivae, of a very large and plump kind, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 17.
      3. 3. Herba = chamaemeli, App. Herb. 23.
        Hence, adv. (acc. to I.), haughtily, proudly, superciliously.
          1. (α) Form sŭ-perbē, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 38; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 22; Lucr. 5, 1224: imperare, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 (with crudeliter); Liv. 2, 45, 6 (with insolenter); 37, 10, 2 (with contemptim); 24, 25, 8 (opp. humiliter); 9, 14; 10, 10: Rhodii, superbe commemoratis meritis suis, etc., id. 44, 14, 8.
          2. (β) Form sŭperbĭter (anteclass.), Naev. and Afran. ap. Non. 515, 10 sq.; 516, 1; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P. (Enn. p. 180, 40 Vahl.).
        1. b. Comp.: superbius, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11: preces alicujus superbius accipere, Tac. A. 2, 37.
        2. c. Sup.: superbissime, Cic. Pis. 27, 64.