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ĕra (less correctly, hera; v. erus), ae (archaic gen. sing. ĕrāï, Aus. Idyll. 7, 5), f. [erus].

  1. I. Prop., the mistress of a house, with respect to the servants; the mistress, lady: nunquam era errans (i. e. Medea), etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 287 Vahl.): servus Dat (puellam) erae suae, Plaut. Cas. prol. 44 sq.; so id. ib. 2, 5, 3; 2, 8, 70; id. Am. 1, 1, 105; Ter. And. 4, 2, 4; id. Eun. 4, 3, 12; 5, 3, 8. So, era major and era minor, the old and young mistress, the lady of the house and her daughter, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 22 and 23.
  2. II. Meton., a mistress, female ruler or governor.
    1. A. Of goddesses: domina, era (Minerva), Enn. ap. Ach. Stat. ad Cat. 1, 9 (Vahl. Enn. p. 177, no. 22): Fortuna, era, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 12 dub.; cf.: vosne velit an me regnare era quidve ferat Fors, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 203 Vahl.—for which, sit sane Fors domina campi, Cic. Pis. 2, 3): rapidi Tritonis era, i. e. Minerva, Cat. 64, 396: hilarate erae (i. e. Cybeles) citatis erroribus animum, id. 63, 18; so ib. 92: tergeminam tunc placat eram (Hecaten), Val. Fl. 1, 780: noctis eram Ditemque ciens, i. e. Proserpine, id. 7, 313.
    2. B. Of sweethearts, Cat. 68, 136; so Ov. H. 9, 78.

1. hĕra, v. era.

2. Hēra, ae, f., = Ἧρα,

  1. I. the Grecian goddess Hera, corresp. to the Juno of the Romans, Sol. 2, 10; Inscr. Orell. 2225 (although here, perh., HERA is i. q. FORTVNA).
  2. II. Deriv.: Hēraea, ōrum, n., = Ἡραῖα, τά, the festival of Hera, Liv. 27, 30, 9 sq.

3. Hēra, ae, f., = Ἧρα, another name of Hybla Minor in Sicily, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5.

Hēraclēa or Hēraclīa, ae, f., = Ἡράκλεια (city of Heracles or Hercules), the name of several cities.
In partic.

  1. I. A seaport of Lucania, on the river Siris, a colony of Tarentum, and the birthplace of the painter Zeuxis, now Policoro, Mel. 2, 4, 8; Plin. 3, 11, 15, § 97; Cic. Arch. 4, 6; Liv. 1, 18; 8, 24.
    1. B. Deriv.: Hēraclēen-ses or Hēraclīenses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Heraclea, Heracleans, Cic. Arch. 4, 6 sq.; id. Balb. 8, 21.
  2. II. A very ancient city of Sicily, a colony from Crete, called in earlier times Minoa, now Capo Bianco, Mel. 2, 7, 16; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 125; Liv. 24, 35; 25, 40.
    1. B. Deriv.: Hēraclēenses or Hēraclīenses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Heraclea, Heracleans, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43.
  3. III. A city of Phthiotis in Thessaly, near Thermopylœ, a colony of Sparta, formerly Trachis, Liv. 28, 5, 13 sq.; Just. 13, 5, 8.
  4. IV. Heraclea Sintica or Heraclea ex Sintiis, a city in Pœonia, on the western bank of the Strymon, now Melenik, Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 3; Liv. 42, 51, 7.
  5. V. A maritime town of Pontus, also with the epithet Pontica, now Erekli or Eregri, Mel. 1, 19, 7; Plin. 6, 1, 1, § 4; Liv. 42, 56.

Hērāclĕŏpŏlis, is, f., = Ἡρακλέους πόλις, a city of Egypt upon an ancient island of the Nile, which has become part of its western bank, now Ahnas, Mart. Cap. 6, § 676.
Hence, Hērāclĕŏpŏlītes, ae, adj., of Heracleopolis: nomos, Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 84.
Plur. subst.: Hērāclĕŏpŏlī-tae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Heracleopolis, Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 86.

Hēraclēōtes, ae, m., = Ἡρακλειώτης, of or belonging to Heraclea, Heracleote, born in Heraclea: tractus, in Æolis, Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 122: Dionysius ille, a disciple of Zeno, perh. of Heraclea in Lucania, Cic. Ac. 2, 22, 71: Zeuxis, perh. from the same place, id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 61.
Subst.: Hēraclēōtae, ārum, m. plur., the inhabitants of Heraclea, Heracleotes: in Caria, Cic. Fam. 13, 56, 2.

Hēraclēōtĭcus, a, um, adj., = Ἡρακλειωτικός, of or belonging to Heraclea, Heracleotic: origanum, Plin. 20, 16, 62, § 170: nux, Opp. ap. Macr. S. 2, 14.

Hērāclēum, i, n., = Ἡράκλειον, a city in Macedonia, on the border of Thessaly, Liv. 44, 2 sqq.

1. Hēraclēus or -clĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Heraclea (in Lydia), Heraclean: lapis, also called Lydius, Plin. 33, 8, 43, § 126; of the magnet, id. 36, 16, 25, § 127.

2. Hĕrāclēus or -clĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Hercules; v. Hercules, II. D.

1. Hēraclīdes, ae, m., a proper name.

  1. I. A physician, Cels. 3, 6.
  2. II. Called Ponticus, a Greek philosopher of Heraclea in Pontus, a pupil of Plato and Speusippus, and afterwards of Aristotle, Cic. Leg. 3, 6; id. Tusc. 5, 3, 8 al.
  3. III. Heraclides Ponticus the younger, a grammarian, Gell. ap. Prisc. 705 P.
  4. IV. A painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 135.

2. Hēraclīdes, ae, v. Hercules, II. E.

Hēraclīensis, e, v. Heraclea, I. B. and II. B.

Hērāclītus, i, m., = Ἡράκλειτος.

  1. I. A celebrated Greek philosopher of Ephesus, who wrote in an obscure style (hence called ὁ σκοτεινός, the Obscure), Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; id. Fin. 2, 5, 15; id. N. D. 3, 14, 35; id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105; Lucr. 1, 639: nec consulto dicis occulte tamquam Heraclitus, Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 74.
    1. B. Deriv.: Hēraclītĕi, ōrum, m., the disciples of Heraclitus, App. Doctr. Plat. 1, p. 2, 41.
  2. II. A pupil of Clitomachus and Philo, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 12.
  3. III. An ambassador sent by king Philip to Hannibal, with the surname Scotinus, Liv. 23, 39.

Hēraclius, a, um, v. 1. Heraclëus and Hercules, II. D.

Hēraea, ae, f. [Hera], a fortified city in Arcadia, on the Alphēus, Liv. 28, 7 sq.

Hēraeus, a, um, v. 2. Hera, II.

Hercŭles, is and i (the latter in Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108 Goer.; cf. Plin. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.:

  1. I. Herculei, Cat. 55, 13), m., = Ἡρακλῆς, Etrusc. HERCLE (whence, by the insertion of a connecting vowel, the Latin form arose; cf. Alcumena for Ἀλκμήνη; v. also under B. the voc. hercle), son of Jupiter and Alcmena, husband of Dejanira, and, after his deification, of Hebe, the god of strength, and the guardian of riches, to whom, therefore, tithes were offered; he was also the guide of the Muses (Musagetes); the poplar was sacred to him, Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 8, 564; Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80; 2, 2, 62; Ov. M. 8, 364; 9, 13 sq.; Hor. C. 3, 14, 1; 4, 5, 36; Suet. Aug. 29; cf. with Ov. F. 6, 797 sq.: neque Herculi quisquam decumam vovit umquam, si sapiens factus esset, Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88: superavit aerumnis suis aerumnas Herculis, Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 2: Herculis Columnae, the Pillars of Hercules, i. e. the promontories between which is the Strait of Gibraltar, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 167; Curt. 10, 1, 8 et saep.
    In gen. plur.: et Herculum et Mercuriorum disciplinae, Tert. Spect. 11 fin.
    Prov.: Herculi quaestum conterere, i. e. to squander everything (even the tithes of Hercules), Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 68: personam Herculis et cothurnos aptare infantibus, Quint. 6, 1, 36.
    1. B. Transf., analog. with the Greek Ἡράκλεις and Ἧρακλες, in voc. hercŭles, and more freq. hercŭle or hercle; also with a prefixed me: mĕ-hercŭles, mehercŭle (also separately: me hercule), and mĕhercle, as an oath or asseveration, by Hercules!
          1. (α) Hercules and mehercules: et, hercules, hae quidem exstant, Cic. Brut. 16, 61; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 1; Poll. ib. 10, 33, 7: licet, hercules, undique omnes in me terrores impendeant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31; Vell. 2, 52, 2: neque, mehercules, hoc indigne fero, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141: cui, mehercules, hic multum tribuit, id. Fam. 6, 5, 3; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: at, mehercules, narrabit quod quis voluerit, Phaedr. 3, 17, 8.
          2. (β) Hercule and mehercule, by Hercules! (in class. prose most freq.; cf. also: impetratum est a consuetudine, ut peccare suavitatis causa liceret: et pomeridianas quadrigas quam postmeridianas libentius dixerim, et mehercule quam mehercules, Cic. Or. 47, 157): et hercule ita fecit, id. Lael. 11, 37: et hercule, id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; Quint. 2, 5, 4; 2, 16, 12; 10, 2, 3; 12, 6, 4 al.: ac me quidem, ut hercule etiam te ipsum, Laeli, cognitio ipsa rerum delectat, Cic. Rep. 1, 13: non hercule, Scipio, dubito quin, etc., id. ib. 1, 23; id. Quint. 3, 13; id. Att. 2, 7, 3: sed hercule facile patior datum tempus, in quo, etc., id. ib. 16, 16, C, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 7; 12, 1, 7: atqui nactus es, sed me hercule otiosiorem opera quam animo, Cic. Rep. 1, 9: dicam me hercule, id. ib. 1, 19: non me hercule, inquit, id. ib. 1, 38: non mehercule, Quint. 6, 1, 43; 6, 3, 74: cognoscere me hercule, inquit, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 48 Mai. N. cr.: ita mehercule attendi, nec satis intellexi, etc., id. Leg. 3, 14, 33 Mos. N. cr.; id. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 144: vere mehercule hoc dicam, id. Planc. 26, 64: et mehercule ego antea mirari solebam, etc., id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 33; id. Att. 5, 16, 3: mihi mehercule magnae curae est aedilitas tua, id. Fam. 2, 11, 2: servi mehercule mei, si me isto pacto metuerent, etc., id. Cat. 1, 7, 17.
          3. (γ) Hercle and mehercle (the former esp. freq. in Plaut. and Ter.; the latter very rare): malo hercle magno suo convivat, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 22 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.): obsecro hercle, quantus et quam validus est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 143; id. ib. 173: tanto hercle melior, id. Bacch. 2, 2, 33: mihi quidem hercle non fit verisimile, Ter. And. 1, 3, 20: nescio hercle, id. Eun. 2, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 87: perii hercle, id. Eun. 5, 2, 66; 5, 6, 14; id. Heaut. 4, 4, 14: non hercle, id. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: per hercle rem mirandam (i. e. permirandam) Aristoteles dicit, Gell. 3, 6, 1.
            With intensive particles: heu hercle, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 41: scite hercle sane, id. Trin. 3, 3, 53; cf.: sane quidem hercle, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 8: minime, minime hercle vero! Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 23; cf.: minime hercle, Cic. Lael. 9, 30: haudquaquam hercle, Crasse, mirandum est, etc., id. de Or. 3, 22, 82: pulchre mehercle dictum et sapienter, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26; 1, 1, 22.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Hercŭlĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Hercules, Herculean: domiti Herculea manu Telluris juvenes, Hor. C. 2, 12, 6: labor, id. ib. 1, 3, 36: coronae arbos, i. e. the poplar, Verg. G. 2, 66; cf.: umbra populi, id. A. 8, 276: leo, the lion’s skin worn by Hercules, Val. Fl. 1, 263: Oete, on which Hercules burned himself, Luc. 3, 178: hospes, i. e. Croto, by whom Hercules was hospitably entertained, Ov. M. 15, 8: ternox, in which Hercules was begotten, Stat. Th. 12, 301: hostis, i. e. Telephus, son of Hercules, Ov. R. Am. 47: gens, i. e. the family of the Fabians sprung from Hercules, id. F. 2, 237; so, penates, Sil. 7, 44: sacrum, instituted by Evander in honor of Hercules, Verg. A. 8, 270: Trachin, built by Hercules, Ov. M. 11, 627: urbs, the city of Herculaneum, built by Hercules, id. ib. 15, 711.
      Hence also: litora, near Herculaneum, Prop. 1, 11, 2: Tibur, i. e. where Hercules was worshipped, Mart. 1, 13, 1; 4, 62: astrum, i. e. the constellation of the Lion, id. 8, 55, 15: fretum, i. e. the Pillars of Hercules, (Strait of Gibraltar), Sil. 1, 199; also: metae, Luc. 3, 278.
    2. B. Hercŭlā-nĕus, a, um, adj., the same: pars, i. e. the tithes (dedicated to Hercules), the tenth part, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 11.
      Also to denote things large of their kind: formicae, Plin. 30. 4, 10, § 29: urtica, id. 21, 15, 55, § 92: nodus, Sen. Ep. 87, 33: nymphaea, App. Herb. 67: sideritis, id. ib. 72: machaera, Capitol. Pertin. 8.
    3. C. Hercŭlānus, a, um, adj., the same: pes, i. e. long, large (cf. in the preced.), Gell. 1, 1, 3.
    4. D. Acc. to the Gr. form Hēraclēus or Hēra-clĭus, a, um, adj., = Ἡράκλειος or Ἡράκλιος, the same: fabulae, Juv. 1, 52 (al. acc. to the MSS. Herculeias).
    5. E. Hēraclī-des, ae, m., = Ἡρακλείδης, a male descendant of Hercules, Heraclid: exclusi ab Heraclīdis Orestis liberi, Vell. 1, 2 fin.
  3. F. Hercŭlĭus, i, m., a surname of the emperor Maximinianus, and hence, Her-cŭlĭāni, ōrum, m., his guards, Amm. 22, 3, 2; 25, 6, 2.