Lewis & Short

Parsing inflected forms may not always work as expected. If the following does not give the correct word, try Latin Words or Perseus.

1. in-cŭbo, ŭi, ĭtum, āre (rarely āvi, ātum, in the sense of to brood), 1, v. n. and a., to lie in a place or upon a thing (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: hic leno aegrotus incubat in Aesculapii fano, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 61: namque incubare satius te fuerat Jovi, against (the statue of) Jupiter, id. ib. 2, 2, 16: umero incubat hasta, rests, lies upon her shoulder, Ov. M. 6, 593: ipsi caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranavere, Liv. 21, 27, 5: his (utribus) incubantes tranavere amnem, Curt. 7, 21, 18.
    Poet.: ferro, to fall upon one’s sword, Sen. Hippol. 259.
    In part. pres.: incubans, lying near to, bordering upon: jugum mari, Plin. 6, 17, 20, § 53.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To sit upon eggs, to brood, to hatch: gallinas incubare fetibus alienigenis patiemur, Col. 8, 5, 10: ova gallinis incubanda subicere, Plin. 10, 59, 79, § 161: ova incubita, id. 29, 3, 11, § 45.
      2. 2. To abide or dwell in: rure incubabo in praefectura mea, Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 21: lucos et specus, to inhabit, App. M. 4, p. 150, 15.
        Pregn.: tabernulam littori proximam, vitatis maris fluctibus, incubabant, i. e. entered and lodged, App. M. 7, p. 190.
      3. 3. To be in, lie in, rest in or on: purpura atque auro, Sen. Thyest. 909: pavidusque pinnis anxiae noctis vigil incubabat, on his wings, id. ib. 570 sq.
      4. 4. To cling to, fall upon, said of mourners over the dead, etc.: indigna fui marito accendisse rogum, incubuisse viro? Luc. 9, 57; 8, 727; cf. id. 2, 27 al.
  2. II. Trop., to brood over, to watch jealously over a thing, either to keep or get possession of it: qui illi pecuniae, quam condiderat, spe jam atque animo incubaret, Cic. Clu. 26, 72: auro, Verg. G. 2, 507: divitiis, id. A. 6, 610: publicis thesauris, to retain sole possession of, Liv. 6, 15: opimae praedae, Flor. 2, 10, 2.
      1. 2. To press upon, weigh upon, be a burden to, fasten on: ut inhaerentem atque incubantem Italiae extorqueret Annibalem, Flor. 2, 6, 57: protervus menti furor, Sen. Hippol. 268: illi mors gravis incubat, id. Thyest. 401.
      2. 3. To settle on, attach one’s self to any thing.
        Absol., of bees: nisi incubavere, Plin. 11, 16, 15, § 45.
        Usually with dat.: leo victor armento incubat, Sen. Thyest. 733: ponto nox incubat atra, glooms over, darkens, Verg. A. 1, 89: quamvis ipsis urbis faucibus incubaret, took up a position at, Flor. 1, 10, 2; but cf.: pigra incubat Caligo terras, Avien. Or. Mar. 236: caelum quod incubat urbi, Val. Fl. 2, 494.

2. incŭbo, ōnis, m. [1. incubo], one who lies upon any thing.

  1. I. A spirit that watches over buried treasures (post-class.): cum modo incuboni pileum rapuisset, thesaurum invenit, Petr. Fragm. Trag. 38, 8.
  2. II. The nightmare, incubus (post-class.): ab incubone deludi, Scrib. Comp. 100: de incubone praesumptio, Tert. Anim. 44.

incumbo, cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, ĕre, v. n. [1. incubo], to lay one’s self upon, to lean or recline upon a thing (cf. ingruo; class., partic. in the trop. sense).

  1. I. Lit., constr. with in, ad, super, or dat.; also with the simple acc.: olivae, Verg. E. 8, 16: in parietem, Dig. 39, 2, 28: densis ordinibus nunc alii in alios, nunc in scuta incumbentes sustinebant impetus Romanorum, Liv. 35, 5, 7: toro, Verg. A. 4, 650: materiae, Curt. 8, 10, 25: terrae, Tac. A. 2, 17: super praedam, to lie upon, Petr. 80: in eum, Curt. 6, 9: ad vos, Ov. M. 9, 385: cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper incumbebant, Liv. 22, 2, 8: validis incumbere remis, Verg. A. 5, 15; 10, 294; Curt. 9, 9, 4.
    Of the heavens: cava in se convexitas vergit, et cardini suo, hoc est terrae, undique incumbit, Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160: mare, to cast itself into the sea, id. 5, 32, 40, § 141: fessi arma sua, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 229: tecto incubuit bubo, perched on, Ov. M. 6, 432: gladium faciam culcitam, camque incumbam, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 29.
    1. B. Transf., to lean or incline towards, to overhang; to rush towards: silex prona jugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem, Verg. A. 8, 236: laurus incumbens arae, id. ib. 2, 514: in gladium, to fall on one’s sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154: gladio, Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18: ferro, Phaedr. 3, 10, 33: in hostem, to press upon the enemy, Liv. 30, 34, 2; cf.: duo duces circumstare urbem … et unum in locum totam periculi molem, omne onus incubuisse, id. 27, 40, 6.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To press upon, burden, oppress, weigh upon: incubuere (venti) mari, Verg. A. 1, 84: tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit, id. G. 2, 311: gravis incumbens scopulis aestas, id. ib. 2, 377: febrium terris incubuit cohors, Hor. C. 1, 3, 30: (aestus) incubuit populo, Lucr. 6, 142.
      Absol.: saevior armis Luxuria incubuit, Just. 6, 292.
    2. B. To bend one’s attention to, to apply or devote one’s self to, to exert one’s self, or take pains with, pay attention to; constr. with in, ad, or dat.: rogandis legibus, Flor. 3, 16: ceris et stilo, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 9: labori, Sil. 4, 820: toto pectore novae cogitationi, Tac. Or. 3: et animo et opibus in bellum, Caes. B. G. 7, 76: ut jam inclinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio, press upon, exert influence on, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324; cf.: invidia mihi incumbit, Tac. A. 14, 54: in aliquod studium, Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34: in causam, id. Phil. 4, 5, 12: acrius graviusque ad ulciscendas rei publicae injurias, id. ib. 6, 1, 2: tota mente in aliquam curam et cogitationem, id. Fam. 10, 3, 3: toto pectore ad laudem, id. ib. 10, 12, 2: omni cogitatione curaque in rem publicam, id. ib. 1, 2: fato urguenti incumbere, to press on, hasten, Verg. A. 2, 653.
      With inf.: sarcire ruinas, Verg. G. 4, 249: delatorem pervertere, Tac. H. 2, 10.
      With ut and subj.: Appius Claudius … cum suis tum totius nobilitatis viribus incubuit, ut, etc., Liv. 10, 15, 8.
      Absol.: nunc, nunc incumbere tempus, Ov. M. 10, 657.
    3. C. To incline, choose, be inclined to, lean towards: hoc servi esse officium reor, … non quo incumbat eum (i. e. erum) inpellere, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 8: ut eos, qui audiunt, quocumque incubuerit, possit impellere, whithersoever he may incline, choose, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55: eodem incumbunt municipia, are inclined the same way, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18: ad voluntatem perferendae legis, id. Att. 1, 19, 4: voluntatum inclinatio ad virum bonum, to lean towards, turn to, id. Mur. 26, 53: in causam, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: in cupiditatem, Cic. Att. 5, 13, 3: in illo, id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.
    4. D. To be incumbent upon one as a duty (post-class.): accusandi necessitas domino, Dig. 48, 2, 5: ei probatio, ib. 22, 3, 2: judici omnium rerum officium, ib. 21, 1, 25.