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pillĕātus (pīle-), a, um, adj. [pilleus], covered with the pilleus or felt-cap, wearing the pilleus (this was worn in Rome at entertainments, shows, and festivals, esp. at the Saturnalia; slaves received it at their manumission as a token of freedom): pilleati aut lana alba velatis capitibus volones epulati sunt, Liv. 24, 16 fin.: rex, id. 45, 44: colonorum turba pilleatorum currum sequentium, like a general’s freedmen, id. 33, 23: nec per omnia nos similes esse pilleatae turbae voluisses, i. e. the Roman populace, who wore the pilleus at the Saturnalia, Sen. Ep. 18, 3; so, pilleata Roma, Mart. 11, 6, 4: tantum gaudium (mors Neronis) publice praebuit, ut plebs pilleata totā urbe discurreret (as a sign of liberation from slavery). Suet. Ner. 57: ad Parthos procul ite pilleatos, the bonneted Parthians, of whose ordinary apparel the pilleus was a part, Mart. 10, 72, 5; cf. Aur. Vict. Caes. 13, 3; Paul. Nol. Carm. 17, 242: pilleati fratres, i. e. Castor and Pollux, Cat. 37, 2: pilleati servi. bonneted slaves, i. e. slaves offered for sale with a pilleus on, to indicate that the seller did not warrant them, Gell. 7, 4, 1 sqq.

pillĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id], to place the pilleus on a person’s head, to bonnet him, in token of manumission: pilleari et rudem accipere possunt, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 11, 7, 4.

pillĕŏlus, i, m., and pillĕŏlum, i, n. dim. [pilleus], a small felt cap, a skull-cap: ut cum pilleolo (portes) soleas conviva tribulis, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 15; Col. Arbor. 25; Hier. Ep. 85, n. 6; 64, n. 13.

pillĕus, i, m., and pillĕum, i, n. [akin to Gr. πῖλος, with same signif.; also to pilus, a hair], a felt cap or hat, made to fit close, and shaped like the half of an egg. It was worn by the Romans at entertainments and festivals, esp. at the Saturnalia, and was given to a slave at his enfranchisement as a sign of freedom (cf. petasus).

  1. I. Lit.: pilleum quem habuit deripuit, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 14; id. Amph. 1, 1, 305: haec mera libertas, hanc nobis pillea donant, id. Pers. 5, 82. Free-born persons who had fallen into captivity also wore the pilleus for a while after the recovery of their freedom, Liv. 30, 45; 34, 52; Val. Max. 5, 2, 5 and 6. Gladiators who had often been victorious also received the pilleus at their discharge, Tert. Spect. 21. There were also leathern pillei, called Pannonian, which were worn by soldiers when off duty, in order that, by being always accustomed to wear something on their heads, the helmet might seem less burdensome, Veg. Mil. 1, 20.
  2. II. Meton.
    1. A. Liberty, freedom: servos ad pilleum vocare, to summon the slaves to freedom, Liv. 24, 32; Suet. Tib. 4; Sen. Ep. 47, 16; Val. Max. 8, 6, 2: totis pillea sarcinis redemi, i. e. I have made myself independent by selling all my goods, Mart. 2, 68, 4.
    2. B. A protector: te obsecro, Pilleum meum, mi sodalis, mea salubritas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 16.
    3. C. The membrane which envelops the head of the fœtus, a child’s caul, Lampr. Diadum. 4.