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penna or pinna (old forms, pesna, petna, Fest. p. 205, 209 Müll.), f. [orig. different words, penna for petna; root petor pat-; Sanscr. patāmi, to fly; Gr. πέτομαι, prop. a wing: pinna for pitna; cf. Sanscr. pitu; Gr. πίτυς, the pine-tree; Lat. pinus; cf.: spiculum, spina; prop. a sharp point or end. To a late period an effort was made to distinguish them: nec miretur (puer), cur … fiat a pinno quod est acutum, securis utrimque habens aciem bipennis, ne illorum sequatur errorem, qui, quia a pennis duabus hoc esse nomen existimant, pennas avium dici volunt, Quint. 1, 4, 12 Halm: pinnum enim antiqui acutum dicebant, Isid. Orig. 19, 19, 11 dub. (v. 1. pennus): pinnas murorum, pennas avium dicimus, Flav. Cap. p. 2243 P. This dictum of the old grammar we have to retain, although the distinction is neither etymologically sound nor is it always practically true; cf. bipennis, Bramb. Lat. Orthog. p. 118. In MSS. and edd. the two forms have mostly been used indiscriminately in all meanings except II. D. E. F. infra, in which pinna only is found; cf. esp. Wagn. Orth. Verg. p. 465; Rib. prol. Verg. p. 441 sq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 270 sq.], a feather on the body of a winged creature (syn. pluma).

  1. I. Lit.
          1. (α) Form penna: sine pennis volare haud facile est: meae alae pennas non habent, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 48: pennarum tuarum nitor, Phaedr. 1, 13, 6: maduere graves aspergine pennae, Ov. M. 4, 728.
          2. (β) Form pinna: (aves) pullos pinnis fovent, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129: pinnarum caules omnium cavi, Plin. 11, 39, 34, § 97; Sen. Ep. 42, 4: ova parire solet genus pinnis condecoratum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59 Müll. (Ann. v. 10 Vahl.): conveniebat corvos ex albis album pinnis jactare colorem, Lucr. 2, 823 Munro: galli salaces, frequentibus pinnis, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 5; Col. 8, 2, 10: nam his rebus plumam pinnasque emundant, id. ib. 9, 14, 7: ut statim per somnum hianti pinna in os inderetur, Suet. Claud. 33.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In plur.: pennae (pinnae), a wing (syn. ala).
          1. (α) Form pennae: age tu, sis, sine pennis vola, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 80: quatere in aëre, Ov. M. 4, 676: pennis resumptis, id. ib. 4, 664: vertere, to fly away, Prop. 2, 24, 22 (3, 19, 6): penna, collect. for the wings, Ov. M. 2, 376.
          2. (β) Form pinnae: geminis secat aëra pinnis, Cic. Arat. 48 (282): pinnas explicare, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 55: o Fides alma, apta pinnis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Trag. v. 410 Vahl.): densis ales pinnis obnixa, id. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 148 ib.): (aquila) praepetibus pinnis (B. and K.; al. pennis), Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106.
            Of bees: pinnis coruscant, Verg. G. 4, 73.
            Of locusts: pinnarum stridor, Plin. 11, 29, 35, § 104.
            Of gnats: pinnae culicis, Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 3.
            Prov.: pinnas incidere alicui, to clip one’s wings, i. e. to deprive one of power or rank, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so, decisis humilis pinnis, with clipped wings, i. e. with disappointed hopes, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 50; cf. the opp.: extendere pinnas, to spread out one’s wings, i. e. to attempt great things, id. ib. 1, 20, 21.
        1. b. Poet., a flying, flight.
          1. (α) Form penna: felicibus edita pennis, i. e. with a happy omen from the flight of birds, Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 11; Sil. 3, 344; Val. Fl. 1, 231.
          2. (β) Form pinna: pinnā veras dare notas, Ov. F. 1, 448.
    2. B. A feather on an arrow (poet.).
      1. 1. Form penna: per jugulum pennis tenus acta sagitta est, Ov. M. 6, 258.
        Hence,
      2. 2. Meton., an arrow (poet.).
          1. (α) Form penna: cervos pennā petere, Val. Fl. 6, 421.
          2. (β) Form pinna: olor trajectus pinnā, Ov. F. 2, 110.
    3. C. In late Lat., a pen.
      Form penna: instrumenta scribae, calamus et penna: sed calamus arboris est, penna avis, Isid. Orig. 6, 14.
    4. D. A fin.
      Form pinna, Plin. 9, 13, 15, § 42.
    5. E. A pinnacle.
      Form pinna: turres contabulantur, pinnae loricaeque ex cratibus attexuntur, Caes. B. G. 5, 39; 7, 72: milites Metelli … a pinnis hostis defendebant facillime funditore, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; Verg. A. 7, 159: templi, Vulg. Luc. 4, 9.
  3. F. In mechanics.
      1. 1. A float or bucket of a water-wheel.
        Form pinna, Vitr. 10, 10.
      2. 2. A stop or key of a water-organ.
        Form pinna, Vitr. 10, 13.

pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. ποδ-, ποῦς; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.

  1. I. Lit.: si pes condoluit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52: calcei apti ad pedem, id. de Or. 1, 54, 231: nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra, id. Univ. 6: pede tellurem pulsare, i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.: alterno pede terram quatere, id. ib. 1, 4, 7; 4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma, Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7: aves omnes in pedes nascuntur, are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149: cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit, Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11: si in fundo pedem posuisses, set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19: qui pedem portā non extulit, Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5: pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā, id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return: profugum referre pedem, Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.
    Said even of streams: revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto, Verg. A. 9, 125: retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens, id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot: cum ingressus iter pedibus sit, Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.
    Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci, Liv. 26, 19: pedibus iter conficere, id. 44, 5: quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest, Caes. B. G. 5, 18: (Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit, id. B. C. 2, 21: ut neque pedibus aditum haberent, id. B. G. 3, 12 init.
    Rarely pede ire (poet. and late Lat.): quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66: Jordanem transmiserunt pede, Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.
    Trop.: Bacchus flueret pede suo, i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.: musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant, Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.
    Pregn., by land: cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc., Cic. Vatin. 5, 12: seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos, Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5): ego me in pedes (conicio), take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.
    Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one’s feet: ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5: abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit, id. ib. 4, 2, 4: rex procidit ad pedes Achillei, Hor. Epod. 17, 14: vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis, Cic. Sest. 11, 26: filius se ad pedes meos prosternens, id. Phil. 2, 18, 45: tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes, Ov. H. 12, 186: cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset, Liv. 6, 3, 4: ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina, Flor. 4, 11, 9: (mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.: amplecti pedes potui, Ov. M. 9, 605: complector, regina, pedes, Luc. 10, 89: servus a pedibus, a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one’s feet, i. e. in one’s power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one’s feet, i. e. to be disregarded (poet.): sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est, Ov. M. 14, 490: amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet, id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one’s foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose (poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one’s foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.): fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one’s feet, i. e. before one’s eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring: istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32: transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160: omni pede stare, i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part: nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139: garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat, id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2: ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae, Hor. A. P. 8: dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere, Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival: adi pede secundo, Verg. A. 8, 302: felix, Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.: boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis, Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.
    So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first; temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple, Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30: quove pede ingressi? Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.
    So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.: pessimo pede domum nostram accessit, App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.: ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.: a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem, Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22: pedibus merere, to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18: ad pedes pugna ierat, they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters: collato pede rem gerere, id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.
      2. 2. Publicist’s t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one’s opinion, take sides with one: cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent, Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.
      3. 3. In mal. part.: pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum), Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8; hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46: mensae sed erat pes tertius impar, Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.: pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.), Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2: tricliniorum, Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9: subsellii, Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68: pes argenteus (mensae), Juv. 11, 128.
    2. B. Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet: sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem, Cat. 4, 19: pede labitur aequo, i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565: pedibus aequis, Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and: prolato pede, transversos captare Notos, id. Med. 322.
      Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem; pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus, Verg. A. 5, 830: prolatis pedibus, Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    3. C. The foot of a mountain (post-class.): Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans, Amm. 14, 8, 10 al.
    4. D. Ground, soil, territory (post-class.): in Caesariensis pede, Sol. 3, 2: omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit, id. 27, 1; cf.: quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem, Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.
    5. E. The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk: vinaceorum pes proruitur, Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.
      Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.
      Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant: Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant, Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155: pedes betacei, beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.
  3. F. Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.
  4. G. The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.
  5. H. Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272; 6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede, Hor. Epod. 16, 47: liquido pede labitur unda, Verg. Cul. 17: lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada, Sil. 6, 140.
  6. K. A metrical foot: ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas, Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82: pedibus claudere verba, to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28: musa per undenos emodulanda pedes, in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30: inque suos volui cogere verba pedes, id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.
      1. 2. A kind of verse, measure: et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri, Ov. Ib. 646: Lesbius, Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.
  7. L. In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.
  8. M. A foot, as a measure of length (class.): ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13: ab aliquo pedem discessisse, Cic. Deiot. 15, 42: pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus, id. Att. 13, 16, 1: pes justus, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.
    Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one’s self by one’s own foot-rule, i. e. by one’s own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.
  9. N. Pedes, lice; v. pedis.
  10. O. The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.

Pescennĭus, i, m., name of a Roman gens.

  1. I. A friend of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.
    Esp.,
  2. II. Pescennius Niger, a Roman emperor; hence, Pescenniānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the emperor Pescennius: reliquiae, Spart. Sev. 15, 4: domus, id. Pesc. Nig. 12, 4.

‡ pescia in Saliari carmine Aelius Stilo dici ait capitia ex pellibus agninis facta, quod Graeci pelles vocent pesce neutro genere pluraliter, Fest. p. 210 Müll.

‡ pesestas significare videtur pestilentiam, Fest. p. 210 Müll.; cf.: pesestas dicebatur pestilentia, Paul. ex Fest. p. 211 Müll.

‡ pesnis, for pennis, acc. to Fest. p. 205 Müll.; v. penna.

pesoluta, ae, f., an Egyptian plant used for making garlands, Plin. 21, 33, 108, § 184.

pessārĭum, ii, n. [2. pessum], a pessary, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 18, 185; Theod. Prisc. 3, 5.

pessĭmē, adv., v. 1. malus, adv.

pessĭmo, āre, v. a. [pessimus], to make utterly bad, to spoil completely, to ruin (eccl. Lat.): plebem, Vulg. Ecclus. 36, 11: te ipsum pessimabis, id. ib. 38, 22.
Pass.: pessimabor, Vulg. Ecclus. 11, 26.

pessĭmus, a, um, v. 1. malus.

Pessĭnūs and Pesĭnūs, untis, f. (acc. masc. Pessinuntem, Cic. Har. Resp. 13, 28), = Πεσσινοῦς and Πεσινοῦς, a very ancient town in Galatia, on the borders of Phrygia Major, celebrated for its worship of Cybele; the modern Bala Hissar, Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 2: si mater Idaea a Pessinunte Romam advecta foret, Liv. 29, 10 (in Plin. 5, 32, 42, § 146, the true read. is Pisinuus).
Hence,

  1. A. Pessĭnuntĭcus, a, um, adj., Pessinuntic; as subst.: Pessĭnun-tĭca, ae, f., Cybele, App. M. 11, p. 259, 7.
  2. B. Pessĭnuntĭus, a, um, adj., Pessinuntian: sacerdos magnae Matris, Cic. Sest. 26, 56: aselli, Gell. 7, 16, 5.

1. pessŭlum, i, n. dim. [pessum], a pessary, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 18, 184.

2. pessŭlum, i, n., v. pessulus init.

pessŭlus, i, m. (neutr. collat. form in plur. pessula, Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 412) [πάσσαλος], a bolt (ante- and post-class.): occlude sis fores ambobus pessulis, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 25: pessuli, heus pessuli, vos saluto, id. Curc. 1, 2, 60: pessulum ostio obdo, shoot the bolt, lock the door, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 55: foribus, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 37: pessulos inicere, to shoot the bolts, App. M. 3, p. 135, 39; 1, p. 107, 12; p. 108, 24: aperire: pessulum ostii mei aperui dilecto meo, Vulg. Cant. 5, 6.

1. pessum, adv. [prob. contr. from pedis-versum, πέξα, πέδον, towards the feet; like susum, sursum, from sub-versum; hence, in gen.], to the ground, to the bottom, down (mostly ante-class. and postAug.; esp. freq. in the connection pessum ire and pessum dare).

  1. I. Lit.: nunc eam (cistellulam) cum navi scilicet abisse pessum in altum, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 64: quando abiit rete pessum, id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; and: ne pessum abeat (ratis), id. Aul. 4, 1, 12: multae per mare pessum Subsedere urbes, have gone to the bottom, been swallowed up, Lucr. 6, 589: ubi dulcem caseum demiseris in eam (muriam), si pessum ibit, etc. (opp. si innatabit), goes to the bottom, sinks, Col. 12, 6, 2 (cf. also the fig. taken from a ship, in II.): ut (lacus) folia non innatantia ferat, sed pessum et penitus accipiat, Mel. 3, 9, 2: sidentia pessum Corpora caesa tenent, Luc. 3, 674: quam celsa cacumina pessum Tellus victa dedit, sent to the bottom, id. 5, 616: pessum mergere pedes, Prud. praef. ap. Symm. 2, 36.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Pessum ire, and rarely pessum sidere, to fall to the ground, go to ruin; to sink, perish: quia miser non eo pessum, etc., Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 12: pessum ituros fecundissimos Italiae campos, si, etc., Tac. A. 1, 79: pessum iere vitae pretia, Plin. H. N. 14 prooem. § 5: vitia civitatis degenerantis et pessum suā mole sidentis, Sen. Const. Sap. 2, 3.
    2. B. Pessum dare (less correctly, in one word, pessumdare or pessundare), rarely pessum premere, agere, deicere, to send to the bottom, to sink, ruin, destroy, undo; to put out of the world, put an end to: pessum dare aliquem verbis, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 47: pessum dedisti me blandimentis tuis, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 23; id. Merc. 5, 2, 6: exemplum pessumum pessum date, do away with, remove, id. Rud. 3, 2, 3: quae res plerumque magnas civitates pessum dedit, Sall. J. 42, 4: quae, si non astu providentur, me aut erum pessum dabunt, Ter. And. 1, 3, 3: multos etiam bonos pessum dedit, Tac. A. 3, 66 fin.: ingentes hostium copias, Val. Max. 4, 4, 5: sin (animus) ad inertiam et voluptates corporis pessumdatus est, has sunk into indolence, Sall. J. 1, 4: aliquem pro suis factis pessumis pessum premere, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49: aetate pessum actā, i. e. brought to an end, Auct. ap. Lact. 1, 11: nec sum mulier, nisi eam pessum de tantis opibus dejecero, App. M. 5, p. 161, 22; cf. id. ib. 5, p. 163, 22.

† 2. pessum, i, n. (collat. form pes-sus, i, m., Plin. Val. 1, 5 fin.; Theod. Prisc. 2, 5), = πεσσόν, πεσσός, in medic. lang., a pessary, App. Herb. 121; Theod. Prisc. 3, 5 (in Cels. 5, 21, written as Greek).

pessumdo (pessun-), dăre, v. 1. pessum, II. B.

pessus, i, v. 2. pessum init.

pestĭbĭlis, e, adj. [pestis], pestilential, destructive, noxious (post-class.): fundus, Cod. Just. 4, 58, 4.

pestĭfer and (rarely, Cels. 2, 6) pes-tĭfĕrus, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [pestis-fero].

  1. I. Bringing pestilence, pestilential: odor, Liv. 25, 26, 11.
  2. II. In gen., that brings destruction, destructive, baleful, noxious, pernicious, pestiferous (class.): res pestiferae et nocentes, Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120: accessus ad res salutares, a pestiferis recessus, id. ib. 2, 12, 34: acutus et pestifer morbus, Cels. 4, 1, 1: sudor, id. 2, 6: aquae, Val. Fl. 4, 594: ignis, Ov. M. 8, 477: fames, id. ib. 8, 784: fauces, Verg. A. 7, 570: aër, Col. 10, 331: bellum, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1: bella civilia, id. Off. 1, 25, 86: Antonii pestifer reditus, id. Phil. 3, 2, 3: homo, Vulg. Act. 24, 5: pestiferum fulgur dicitur, quo mors exsiliumve significari solet, Fest. p. 210 Müll.; cf.: pestifera quae mortem aut exsilium ostendunt, id. p. 245 ib.
    Subst.: pestĭfer, ĕri, m., a mischievous person, Vulg. Ecclus. 11, 35.
    Adv.: pestĭfĕrĕ, balefully, pestiferously (rare but class.), Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13; Hilar. Trin. 7, 3.

pestĭlens, entis, adj. [pestis], pestilential, infected, unhealthy, unwholesome (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: loci (opp. salubres), Cic. Fat. 4, 7: pestilens et gravis aspiratio, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: Africus, Hor. C. 3, 23, 5: aedes, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54.
    With dat.: annus urbi, Liv. 3, 6: aestas animalibus, id. 5, 16.
    Comp.: fundus pestilentior, Varr. R. R. 1, 4: annus, Liv. 4, 21.
    Sup.: gravissimus et pestilentissimus annus, Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 4.
  2. II. Trop., pestilent, noxious, destructive (class.): homo pestilentior patriā suā, Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 1: pestilens collegae munus esse, Liv. 2, 71: invidia, Sen. Hippol. 489.
    Subst.: pestĭlens, entis, m., a pestilent fellow, Vulg. 1 Macc. 15, 3.

pestĭlentĭa, ae, f. [pestilens], an infectious or contagious disease, a plague, pest, pestilence.

  1. I. Lit. (class.): Massilienses gravi pestilentiā conflictati, Caes. B. C. 2, 22; Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16: pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem, Liv. 27, 23: pestilentiae contagia prohibere, Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 157; Cels. 1, 10; 2, 1; 3, 7 init.
    1. B. Transf., an unwholesome atmosphere, weather, or region (class.): agrorum genus propter pestilentiam vastum atque desertum, Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 70: pestilentiae signa (opp. signa salubritatis), id. Div. 1, 5, 7: pestilentiae possessores, id. Agr. 1, 5, 15.
  2. II. Trop., a plague, pest, pestilence (poet. and in postclass. prose): oratio plena veneni et pestilentiae, Cat. 44, 11: cathedra pestilentiae, the seat of the scornful, Vulg. Psa. 1, 1.
    In plur.: animorum labes et pestilentiae, Gell. 1, 2, 4.

pestĭlentĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [pestilentia], pestilential (eccl. Lat.): cathedra, Tert. Spect. 27.

pestĭlentĭōsus, a, um, adj. [pestilentia], pestilential, unhealthy (post-class.): locus, Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 29.

pestĭlentus, a, um, adj. [pestis], pestilential, unhealthy (ante-class. for pestilens): loca, Laevius ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7.

pestĭlis, e, adj. [pestis], pestilential, un wholesome (eccl. Lat.): aurae, Arn. 1, 11.

pestĭlĭtas, ātis, f. [pestilis], plague, pest, pestilence, for pestilentia (poet.), Lucr. 6, 1098; 1125; 1132 (the first verse also quoted by Non. 158, 2).

‡ pestĭmus, a, um, adj. [pestis], plaguebringing, pestilential: λοιμοφόρος, pestimus, Gloss. Gr. Lat.

pestis, is, f. [perh. for perd-tis, from perdo], a deadly, esp. an infectious or contagious disease, a plague, pest, pestilence; also, a noxious atmosphere, unhealthy weather (class., but rare for pestilentia; cf. contagio, lues).

  1. I. Lit.: hos pestis necuit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.): ibes avertunt pestem ab Aegypto, Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101: avertere a populo pestem, Liv. 4, 25, 3; 5, 14; 25, 26: alii aliā peste absumpti sunt, Liv. 25, 19.
    Poet.: crudelem nasorum interfice pestem, i. e. stinking smell, Cat. 69, 9.
    In plur.: in omnibus morbis ac pestibus, Col. 7, 5 fin; 2, 9, 9 sq.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., destruction, ruin, death (class.): qui alteri exitium parat, Eum scire oportet, sibi paratam pestem ut participet parem, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39 (Trag. v. 22 Vahl.); so with exitium, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 68 Vahl.): quanta pernis pestis veniet! Plaut. Capt. 4, 3, 3; Lucr. 3, 347: detestabilis pestis, Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16: pestis ac pernicies civitatis, id. Rab. Perd. 1, 2; 9, 25: priusquam oppeto malam pestem (= subeo mortem), Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 15 Vahl.); so, occidam oppetamque pestem, will seek my death, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11; cf. id. As. 1, 1, 7: servatae a peste carinae, i. e. from the fire, Verg. A. 5, 699: pestem miserrimam importare alicui, Cic. Deiot. 15, 43: machinari alicui, id. N. D. 3, 26, 67: minitari, Liv. 2, 49.
    1. B. Concr., of a destructive thing or person, a pest, curse, bane: quin unā omnes peste hac populum liberant? Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 70: peste interimor textili (of the poisoned and fatal garment of Nessus), Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: coluber, Pestis boum, Verg. G. 3, 419: illa furia ac pestis patriae (of Clodius), id. Sest. 14, 33: post abitum hujus importunissimae pestis, id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125: nec saevior ulla Pestis et ira deūm (of the Harpies), Verg. A. 3, 214: pestes frugum, Plin. 22, 25, 77, § 160; of Nero: clade et peste sub illā, Juv. 4, 84.
      In plur.: quaedam pestes hominum, social pests, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2: variae pestes, Verg. G. 1, 181: corporeae pestes, id. A. 6, 737.