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* amtrŭo, antrŭo, and andrŭo, āre, v. n. [v. andruo], to dance around, in the Salian religious festivals: praesul ut amtruet, inde vulgus redamtruat, Lucil. ap. Fest. p. 270 Müll.

† antăchātēs, ae, m., = ἀνταχάτης, a precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 139, where Jan reads aethachates; others still, autachates.

antae, ārum, f. [perh. ante, q. v.], pillars or pilasters on each side of (i.e. opposite sides of) doors or at the corners of buildings, Vitr. 3, 1; 4, 4.
Hence, aedes in antis, a temple with pilasters on the corners, Vitr. 4, 7.

Antaeŏpŏlītes (nomus), ae, m., a district of Upper Ægypt, Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 49.

Antaeus, i, m., = Ἀνταῖος, a huge giant in Libya, slain by Hercules, Ov. M. 9, 184; Luc. 4, 590 sq.

† antăgōnista, ae, m., = ἀνταγωνιστής, an adversary, opponent, antagonist, Hier. Vit. Hil. fin.

antămoebaeus, a, um, adj., pes, in verse (opp. amoebaeus, q. v.), composed of two short, two long, and a short syllable, as, e. g. mănĭfēstārĕt; cf. Diom. 3, p. 478 P.

Antandrŏs (-us), i, f., = Ἄντανδρος, a maritime town in Mysia, now Antandro (acc. to Thuc. 8, 108, an Æolic colony), Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 123; cf. Mann. Asia Min. 3, 418.
Hence, Antandrius, a, um, adj., of Antandros, Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2.

† antăpŏcha, ae, f., = ἀνταποχή, the writing by which a debtor showed that he had paid a debt, Just. Cod. 4, 21, 18 (opp. apocha).

† antăpŏdŏsis, is, f., = ἀνταπόδοσις; in rhet., the application of a similitude to the object compared, Quint. 8, 3, 77; v. apodosis.

Antărădos (-us), i, f., a harbor and town in the northern part of Phœnicia and over against the island of Aradus, whence its name, Tab. Peuting. Itin. Ant.; cf. Plin. 5, 20, 17, § 78.

† antarctĭcus, a, um, adj., = ἀνταρκτικός, southern, Hyg. Astr. 1, 6; App. de Mundo, p. 57 (in Varr. L. L. 9, § 24 Müll., written as a Greek word).

‡ antārium bellum: quod ante urbem geritur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll. [ante].

antārĭus, a, um, adj. [ἀνταίρω, to raise against], that serves for raising up: funes, the cables for raising a scaffold, stage, mast, and the like, Vitr. 10, 3.

antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. ἀντί, over against, facing, ἄντα, ἄντην; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.). Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).

  1. A. In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
    1. 1. In space: quem ante aedīs video, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136: ante ostium Me audivit stare, Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5: Ornatas paulo ante fores, Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26: ante meum limen, Juv. 11, 190: ante suum fundum, Cic. Mil. 10: ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur, id. Off. 3, 14, 58: ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras, Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268: ante altaria, id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24.
      Of persons: ante hosce deos erant arulae, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3: quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere, Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477: ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit, id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773: ante se statuit funditores, Liv. 42, 58: Flos Asiae ante ipsum, Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2: si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos, Juv. 8, 11.
      Trop.: ante oculos collocata, Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192: ante oculos errat domus, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9: donec stet ante judicium, Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.
      And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of: ante Dominum vilior fiam, Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.: non te justifices ante Deum, ib. Eccli. 7, 5: justi ambo ante Deum, ib. Luc. 1, 6; and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini, ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.
      Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.
      With verbs of motion: ante me ito, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70: equitatum omnem ante se mittit, Caes. B. G. 1, 21: ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere, id. B. C. 1, 55: praecurrit ante omnes, id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.
    2. 2. Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.
      So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one: facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse, Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz: tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse, superior to, Liv. 35, 14: necessitas ante rationem est, necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.
      Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
      1. a. Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation; also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120: scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8: tua ante omnes experientia, Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9: Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit, Verg. A. 4, 59: Ipse est ante omnes, Vulg. Col. 1, 17: O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo, Verg. A. 3, 321: ante omnes furor est insignis equarum, id. G. 3, 266: scelere ante alios immanior omnīs, id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42: ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus, Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.
      2. b. Ante omnia.
        1. (α) Before all things, first of all: alvus ante omnia ducitur, Cels. 7, 30: oportet autem ante omnia os nudare, id. 8, 2: Ante omnia instituit, ut etc., Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21: Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc., Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.
        2. (β) Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty: publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt, Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4: quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis, Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125: dulces ante omnia Musae, the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72: deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum, Juv. 10, 191.
        3. (γ) In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν οὖν; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4): ante omnia quid sit rhetorice, Quint. 2, 15, 1: ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit, id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.
  2. B. Of time.
    1. 1. Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf. Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22: ante diem caupo sciet, Juv. 9, 108: ante brumam, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28: ante noctem, Hor. S. 1, 4, 51: pereundum erit ante lucernas, Juv. 10, 339: ante haec omnia, Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.
      The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
      1. a. By a person who lived at the time: jam ante Socratem, before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44: qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini, before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3: ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni, Verg. G. 1, 125: vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi, Hor. C. 4, 9, 25: ante Helenam, id. S. 1, 3, 107: ante se, Tac. H. 1, 50: quod ante eum nemo, Suet. Caes. 26 al.
      2. b. By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64: ante has meas litteras, i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17: per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro, Liv. 1, 59: ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum, Ov. M. 1, 5: ante sidus fervidum, Hor. Epod. 1, 27: ante cibum, id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428: Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta, before their A B C, id. 14, 209: cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus? Verg. A. 11, 424: Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas, Juv. 1, 169.
        Also by the designation of the office of a person: ante aedilitatem meam, Cic. Att. 12, 17: ante sceptrum Dictaei regis, Verg. G. 2, 536: ante imperium ducis, Flor. 4, 2, 66: relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis, Just. 2, 10.
        And by the designation of office in app. to the person: mortuus est ante istum praetorem, Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115: docuerant fabulas ante hos consules, id. Brut. 18, 73: cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur, Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3: quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere, id. Epam. 8, 3.
        A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation: ante hanc urbem conditam, before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam): non multo ante urbem captam, id. Div. 1, 45: ante Epaminondam natum, Nep. Epam. 10, 4: ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli, Sall. J. 110, 2: ante decemviros creatos, Liv. 3, 53 al.
    2. 2. Hence particular phrases.
      1. a. Ante tempus,
        1. (α) Before the right time: ante tempus excitatis suis, Liv. 31, 36.
        2. (β) Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time: factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus, Cic. Lael. 3: honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit, Suet. Aug. 26: venisti ante tempus torquere nos? Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).
      2. b. Ante diem, poet.,
        1. (α) Before the time: Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem, Ov. A. A. 1, 184: ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales, Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.
        2. (β) Before the time destined by fate: filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos, Ov. M. 1, 148: hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras, id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739: sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc., Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: εἰ δὲ τοῦ χρόνου πρόσθεν θανοῦμαι).
      3. c. Ante hunc diem, with a negative: istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem, never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7: neque umquam ante hunc diem, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23: Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit, Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius).
    3. 3. Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.: in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit, Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr., Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17: supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies, Liv. 45, 2, 12.
    4. 4. Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment: ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii, Nep. Arist. 2, 3: qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit, id. Timoth. 2, 3: invictus ante eam diem fuerat, Curt. 5, 3, 22.
    5. 5. Ante annos, before the destined time: Ante suos annos occidit, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46: Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem, beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.: suos annos praeterire, Sil. 4, 428; and: annos transcendere factis, id. 2, 348).
    6. 6. Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin: ante hoc incognita, Luc. 6, 116: ante hoc domūs pars videntur, Tac. G. 13.
  • II. Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
    1. A. Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9: fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5: coronatus stabit et ante calix, Tib. 2, 5, 98: plena oculis et ante et retro, Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.
      Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.): si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro, Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque, Verg. G. 3, 552.
  • B.
    1. 1. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
        1. a. With verbs: nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante, Ter. And. 1, 5, 4: id te oro, ut ante eamus, id. ib. 3, 3, 24; very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset, Cic. Phil. 11, 14: quae ante acta sunt, id. Verr. 1, 109: sicut ante fecimus, Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20: fructus omnis ante actae vitae, Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16: apud vos ante feci mentionem, Cic. Agr. 3, 4: faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum, id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320: illud de quo ante dixi, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116: quos ante dixi, id. Off. 2, 14, 50: ut ante dixi, id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45: quem ad modum ante dixi, id. Sex. Rosc. 91: additis, quae ante deliquerant, Tac. A. 6, 9: filium ante sublatum brevi amisit, id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.
          And often accomp. by jam: acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.
          Rarely accomp. by saepe.: ut saepe ante fecerant, Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.
        2. b. Rarely with adjj.: non filius ante pudicus, Juv. 3, 111: quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos, Tac. A. 14, 7.
        3. c. Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.): illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7: etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te, id. Fam. 4, 9: paucis diebus ante, id. Phil. 2, 40: viginti annis ante, id. Lael. 12, 42: voverat eam annis undecim ante, Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51: quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere, a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7: Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt, a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5: ante quadriennium amissus es, four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45: aliquot ante annos, Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.
        4. d. With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum: multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3: haud multo ante adventum, Tac. Agr. 18.
          And in the order ante multo: ante multo a te didicerimus, Cic. Sen. 2, 6: Venisti paulo ante in senatum, id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30; 6, 29 et saep.
          And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae, id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.
          And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46: tanto ante praedixeras, id. Phil. 2, 33: quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset, id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28: quanto ante providerit, Cic. Sest. 8: permultum ante certior factus eram litteris, id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.
      1. 2. Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
        1. a. With ind. pres.: ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi, Cic. Quinct. 48: ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam, id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.
        2. b. With ind. perf.: memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius, id. Brut. 18, 72: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, id. Fam. 10, 3: neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit, Liv. 39, 10: ante quam ille est factus inimicus, Cic. Phil. 12, 9.
        3. c. Rarely with fut. perf.: ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari, Cic. Phil. 11, 24: neque defatigabor ante quam … percepero, id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.
        4. d. With subj. pres.: ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet, Cic. Agr. 2, 53: hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur, id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.
        5. e. With subj. imperf.: Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium, id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.
        6. f. With subj. perf.: ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est, Cic. Phil. 14, 1: domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris, id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40: nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit, Liv. 42, 52: nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset, Suet. Caes. 67.
        7. g. With subj. pluperf.: se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc., Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71: qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi, Cic. Planc. 98: ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset, id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.
        8. h. With inf.: dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire, Cic. Quinct. 54.
        9. i. With part.: armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt, Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.; and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621).
          In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante, Lucr. 3, 972: Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim, Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.
          Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam: sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo, Verg. A. 4, 24; so, prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota? Prop. 3, 20, 25.
      2. 3. For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum): ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur, Cels. 7, 29: et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc., id. 5, 26: ante tonderi … deinde … tum, etc., id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.
      3. 4. Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek): neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum, earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. τῶν πάρος κακῶν, Soph. O. T. 1423): ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem, Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
  • III. In composition.
    1. A. Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.
    2. B. Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.
    3. C. Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens
    4. D. In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

    antĕā, temp. adv. (old form * antidĕā or anteidĕā, MS., Liv. 22, 10, 6; v. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 680) [ante-eā like antehāc, posteā, posthāc, proptereā, quāpropter, etc., in which Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 769, regards the pron. as an old acc. with the a final long; Key, Gr. § 802, regards these suffixes as corrupted from the acc. of pronouns in -am; cf. quam], of some (past or pres.) time, before, formerly, earlier, aforetime, in time past, etc. (relative; while antehac demonstr. is used only in ref. to present time. The use of antea for prius is censured by Atticus in Cic. Att. 15, 13).

    1. I. Absol.: nam antea Quī scire posses aut ingenium noscere? Ter. And. 1, 1, 25: antea, cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi et rapaces magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41: ac fuit antea tempus, cum, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 24: cum antea semper factiosus fuisset, Nep. Lys. 1, 3: et antea laudatus et hoc tempore laudandus, Cic. Phil. 10, 6, 13; so id. Fam. 12, 30; 13, 17 al.: hunc audiebant antea, nunc praesentem vident, etc., id. Imp. Pomp. 5; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 57; id. Fam. 9, 16; Liv. 5, 17; 13, 41 al.: si antea fuit ignotum, nuper est cognitum, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23: quales antea fuerant, Vulg. Ex. 34, 4; ib. Jer. 36, 32; ib. Luc. 23, 12 et saep.
    2. II. Freq. opp. to postea, post, posthac, tum, tunc, etc.: et clari fuerunt, et antea fuerant, nec postea defecerunt, Cic. Or. 2, 6; so id. Fam. 1, 9, 74; Suet. Dom. 2: hanc consuetudinem jam antea minuebamus, post Sullae victoriam penitus amisimus, Cic. Off. 2, 8, 27; so id. Att. 1, 11: non accusabimur posthac: neque antea neglegentes fuimus, id. ib. 7, 3: semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā, id. Mil. 21; so Liv. 23, 19; so, antea … tunc, id. 29, 9.
    3. III. Rarely for ante followed by deinde, mox, etc.: clipeis antea Romani usi sunt, deinde scuta pro clipeis fecere, formerly, at an earlier period … then, in process of time, etc., Liv. 8, 8: Poneropolis antea, mox Philippopolis, nunc Trimontium dicta, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41.
    4. IV. Rarely also for ante, followed by quam: te antea, quam tibi successum esset, decessurum fuisse, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2 B. and K.: Achaei non antea ausi capessere bellum, quam ab Romā revertissent legati, Liv. 35, 25, 3 Weissenb.

    anteactus, a, um, and anteago; better written separately, ante actus and ante ago; v. ante and ago.

    antĕ-ambŭlo (in poetry four syll.), ōnis, m. [ambulo, āre], a forerunner, a servant that went before distinguished personages to clear the way, etc.: anteambulo regis, Mart. 2, 18, 5; so id. 10, 74, 3; Suet. Vesp. 2.

    antĕāquam or antea quam, v. antea, IV.

    antĕbăsis, v. antibasis.

    Antĕ-cănis, is, m., transl. of Προκύων, a constellation, the Lesser Dog-star, so called as rising before the Dog-star: Antecanis Graio Procyon qui nomine fertur, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 222; cf. Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.

    * antĕ-cantāmentum, i, n. [cantamen], a prelude, overture, App. M. 11, p. 261, 24 Elm.

    antĕ-cantātīvus, a, um, adj. [canto], of or pertaining to a prelude, Marc. Vict. p. 2500 P.

    antĕ-căpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a., to obtain before, to receive before.

    1. I. In gen.: quam appellat πρόληψιν Epicurus, anteceptam animo rei quandam informationem, an inborn, innate idea, Cic. N. D. 1, 16, 43 B. and K. (cf. anticipatio, I.).
    2. II. Esp.
      1. A. To take possession of beforehand, to preoccupy: multa antecapere, quae bello usui forent, Sall. C. 32, 3 Dietsch: pontem anteceperat, Tac. H. 4, 66 Halm.
      2. B. To anticipate: noctem antecapere, Sall. C. 55, 1: ea omnia luxu antecapere, id. ib. 13, 4.

    antĕ-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n., to go before, precede (in space), to take the lead, get the start; with dat., acc., or absol.

    1. I. Lit.
          1. a. With dat.: ubi ambitionem virtuti videas antecedere, Titin. ap. Non. 499, 8: si huic rei illa antecedit, huic non antecedit, Cic. Top. 23.
          2. b. With acc.: Pompeius expeditus antecesserat legiones, Cic. Att. 8, 9: biduo me Antonius antecessit, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13; Curt. 4, 7, 15: antecedite me, Vulg. Gen. 32, 16; ib. 1 Reg. 9, 27; ib. Matt. 2, 9, and so Vulg. always.
          3. c. Absol.: magnis itineribus antecessit, Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 2, 6; Vell. 1, 4, 1: antecedente famā, Liv. 5, 37, 6: antecedens scelestus, * Hor. C. 3, 2, 31.
    2. II. Fig.
      1. A. To precede, in time: haec (dies) ei antecessit, * Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 40: exercitatio semper antecedere cibum debet, Cels. 1, 2.
      2. B. To have the precedence of any one, to excel, surpass; with dat. and acc. (cf. Rudd. II. p. 136).
          1. a. With dat.: virtute regi antecesseris, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 118: quantum natura hominis pecudibus antecedit, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 105; so id. Brut. 21, 82.
          2. b. With acc. of person or thing and abl. or abl. with in: scientiā atque usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt, Caes. B. G. 3, 8: nemo eum in amicitiā antecessit, Nep. Alcib. 9, 3: maltha duritiam lapidis antecedens, Plin. 36, 24, 58, § 18.
          3. c. Absol., to distinguish one’s self, to become eminent: ut quisque honore et aetate antecedebat, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64; so id. Inv. 2, 22.
            Hence,
        1. 1. antĕcēdens, entis, P. a.
          1. a. In gen.: hora, Cic. ad Octav. 3: annus, Plin. 13, 8, 16, § 59; so Suet. Tib. 5.
          2. b. T. t. of philosophy, the antecedent (opp. consequens): causa, Cic. Fat. 11, 33; 15, 34.
            In plur. as subst.: an-tĕcēdentĭa, ōrum, n.: locus ex antecedentibus, Cic. Top. 12; so id. Part. Or. 2; Quint. 5, 10, 45; 6, 3, 66.
        2. 2. antĕces-sus, a, um, P. a., that goes before; only in the connection, in antecessum dare, solvere, accipere, etc.; t. t., to give, pay, receive, etc., beforehand, in advance (postAug.): in antecessum dabo, Sen. Ep. 118: accipere, id. ib. 7: reponere, id. Ben. 4, 32: praedam dividere, Flor. 4, 12, 24 al.

    antĕ-cello, ĕre (perf. and sup. not used), v. n. [-cello]; lit., to project; hence, trop., to be prominent, to distinguish one’s self; and with dat. or acc., to distinguish one’s self above any one, to surpass, excel, be superior to; and with abl. of respect (a favorite word with Cic.; elsewhere rare): qui, quā re homines bestiis praestent, eā in re hominibus ipsis antecellat, Cic. Inv. 1, 4; so id. N. D. 2, 58, 145: facile omnibus terris, id. Imp. Pomp. 6; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 5; 2, 4, 53; id. Mur. 13; id. Arch. 3; Corn. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 897 P.; Cic. Verr. 3, 5, 10 al.: omnes, Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 174: peregrinam stirpem, Tac. H. 2, 3; so id. A. 14, 55; Val. Max. 3, 8, n. 1.
    Without the oblique case of the person: humanitate antecellens, Cic. Mur. 17: cognitione astrorum sollertiāque ingeniorum, id. Div. 1, 41.
    * Pass.: qui omnibus his rebus antecelluntur, Auct. ad Her. 2, 30, 48.

    antĕ-cēnĭum, i, n. [cena], a meal taken before the principal meal, a lunch, luncheon, Isid. Orig. 20, 2; hence, trop., App. M. 2, p. 121, 29 Elm.

    antĕceptus, Part. of antecapio.

    antĕcessĭo, ōnis, f. [antecedo].

    1. I. A going before, preceding: quae in orbibus conversiones antecessionesque eveniunt, Cic. Tim. 10.
    2. II. That which goes before, the antecedent cause, as opp. to the final cause (perh. only in Cic.): homo causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, and understands their course forwards and backwards, i. e. can reason from cause to effect and from effect to cause, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11: consecutio, antecessio, repugnantia, id. Top. 13.

    antĕcessor, ōris, m. [antecedo], he that goes before; hence,

    1. I. In milit. lang., antecessores, the forerunners of the army, the advanced guard (cf. antecursor): speculatores et antecessores, Auct. B. Afr. 12: agminis antecessores, * Suet. Vit. 17.
    2. II. In the jurists,
      1. A. Teachers or professors of law, Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2.
      2. B. A predecessor in office (opp. successor): ad antecessores meos Apostolos, Vulg. Gal. 1, 17; Dig. 5, 1, 55; 27, 9, 9.
    3. III. Tert. thus designates the Holy Ghost, Tert. Virg. Vel. 1 fin.; and also the Apostles, id. adv. Marc. 1, 20; 5, 3.

    antĕcessus, a, um, P. a., from antecedo.

    antĕ-curro, ĕre, v. n., to run before: stella solem antecurrens, Vitr. 9, 4.

    antĕcursor, ōris, m. [antecurro], he that runs before; hence,

    1. I. In milit. lang.: antecursores, the forerunners of the army, the advanced guard, precursors, pioneers, Caes. B. G. 5, 47; id. B. C. 1, 16; 3, 36; so Vulg. Sap. 12, 8.
    2. II. In Tert. John the Baptist is so named, as the forerunner of Christ, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 33.

    antĕdīco and antĕdictus, better written separately, ante dīco, etc., v. ante and dico.

    antĕ-ĕo, īvi or ii, īre, v. n. (old form antĭdeo = anteeo, like antidea for antea, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3; antidit = anteit, id. Trin. 2, 4, 145 Ritschl. In verse the e in ante blends with the foll. e or i, per synaloephen, into one syll.; hence, anteire trisyl., Lucr. 4 [141]; cf. Hor. C. 1, 35, 17; id. Ep. 1, 2, 70 al.; later we find the sync. forms: pres. subj. antēat, Ov. A. A. 2, 726; fut. antībo, Tac. A. 5, 6; pluperf. subj. antīssent, id. ib. 3, 69; inf. antīsse, id. ib. 4, 40).

    1. I. In space, to go before, precede, to take the lead; with dat., acc., or absol.
          1. a. With dat.: interdum montes Montibus anteire (videntur), Lucr. 4 [141]: praetoribus anteeunt, Cic. Agr. 2, 34.
          2. b. With acc.: te anteit necessitas, Hor. C. 1, 35, 17.
          3. c. Absol.: barbarum jubebat anteire, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25; so Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 70; Liv. 1, 59; Tac. A. 3, 69; Suet. Caes. 57; id. Aug. 64.
    2. II. Trop.
      1. A. To go before: anteibit faciem tuam justitia, * Vulg. Isa. 58, 8.
      2. B. To excel, surpass any one: virtus omnibus rebus anteit, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 18: Qui omnīs homines supero atque antideo cruciabilitatibus animi, id. Cist. 2, 1, 3: aliquem sapientiā, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 17: alicui aetate, Cic. Phil. 9, 1; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5: aliquem virtutibus, Nep. Thras. 1, 3: aetatem meam honoribus vestris anteistis, Liv. 38, 51: candore nives, cursibus auras, Verg. A. 12, 84 al.
        Pass.: se aequales tui, abs te anteiri putant, Cic. Sull. 8: a deterioribus honore anteiri, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 3; Tac. H. 2, 101.
        More rare,
      3. C. To anticipate, prevent any thing: damnationem anteiit, Tac. A. 6, 29; id. ib. 15, 38.
      4. D. To oppose, resist: auctoritati parentis, Tac. A. 5, 3.
      5. * E. Poet., to know beforehand, to foreknow: quid vellet crastinus Auster, Anteibat, Sil. 14, 455.

    antĕfactus, a, um; better written separately, ante factus, v. ante and factus.

    antĕ-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre, v. a.

    1. I. To bear or carry before: ut legum latarum tituli anteferrentur, Tac. A. 1, 8.
      More freq.,
    2. II. Trop., to place before, to prefer, give the preference to, aliquem alicui: longe omnibus unum Demosthenem, Cic. Or. 7; so id. Sull. 32; id. Att. 6, 8; id. Fam. 1, 9; 5, 20; 6, 6 al.: cum ipse ceteris esset omni honore antelatus, id. Prov. Cons. 11; Nep. Them. 1, 1.
    3. * III. To anticipate: quod dies est allaturus, id consilio anteferre debemus, i. e. to consider beforehand, to reflect upon (in order to diminish the overpowering effect of it), Cic. Fam. 5, 16.

    antĕfixus, a, um, Part., qs. from antefigo, fixed or fastened before, nailed to (rare): truncis arborum antefixa ora, Tac. A. 1, 61.
    Hence, antĕfixa, ōrum, n.; subst., the little ornaments, images, statues, etc., affixed to the roofs and gutters of houses or temples, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll.: antefixa fictilia deorum Romanorum, Liv. 34, 4; 26, 23; cf. Müll. Etrusc. 2, 247; and id. Archaeol. § 284.

    * antĕ-gĕnĭtālis, e, adj., before birth: experimentum antegenitale, of that which was before our birth, Plin. 7, 55, 56, § 190.

    antĕgestus, a, um, better written separately, ante gestus, v. ante and gero.

    antĕ-grĕdĭor, gressus, 3, v. dep. [-gradior], to go before, to precede (perh. only in Cic.): stella Veneris cum antegreditur solem, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53: quicquid est quod deceat, id tum adparet, cum antegressa est honestas, id. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. Fat. 10; id. Div. 1, 14.

    * antĕ-hăbĕo, ēre, v. a., to prefer: incredibilia veris, Tac. A. 4, 11.

    antĕ-hāc (old form antĭdhāc, like antidea for antea, and antideo for anteeo, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 79; id. Aul. 2, 8, 26; id. Cas. prol. 88; id. Cist. 1, 1, 1; 1, 3, 50; id. Ep. 4, 1, 12; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 10; id. Ps. 1, 1, 14; 2, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 5, 7.
    Antehac, dissyl., Hor. C. 1, 37, 5) [v. antea], before this (present) time, formerly, aforetime, in time past, previously (demonstr.; on the contr. antea, before any fixed time, rel.; cf. antea): quod antehac imperitabam, nunc te oro, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 47; id. Mil. 4, 8, 56: magis me benigne nunc salutas, quam antidhac, id. Poen. 3, 5, 7; Ter. And. 1, 2, 16: antehac sperare saltem licebat, nunc etiam id ereptum est, Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 6; Hor. C. 1, 37, 5: utque antehac flagitiis, ita tunc legibus laborabatur, Tac. A. 3, 25.
    Sometimes for antea (rel.), before any specified time, earlier, before that time: Nam hic quidem omnem imaginem meam, quae antehac fuerat, possidet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 302: ea saepe antehac fidem prodiderat, Sall. C. 25, 4.

    anteidĕā = antidea, v. antea.

    antĕlātus, a, um, Part. of antefero.

    † Antēlĭi (Anthēlĭi), ōrum, m., = Ἀντήλιοι or Ἀνθήλιοι, images of gods that stood before the house door, Tert. Idol. 15.

    * antĕlŏgĭum, ii, n. [vox hybrida, from ante-λόγος], a prologue or preamble: Huic argumento antelogium quidem hoc fuit, Plaut. Men. prol. 13.

    antĕ-lŏquĭum, ii, n. [loquor] (postclass. and rare).

    1. I. The right of speaking before another, Macr. S. 7, 4; 1, 24.
    2. II. A proem, preface, Symm. Ep. 8, 23.

    antĕ-lūcānus, a, um, adj. [lux], before light, before day (class.; only in prose): ex antelucano tempore, Cic. Fam. 15, 4: gutta roris antelucani, Vulg. Sap. 11, 23: industria, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: cenae, which continue the whole night until daybreak, id. Cat. 2, 10: lucubratio, Col. 11, 2, 55: spiritus, i. e. ventus, Vitr. 1, 6; so, aurae, Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 2.
    Hence, subst.: antĕlūcā-num, i, n., the dawn (eccl. Lat.): doctrinam quasi antelucanum illumino omnibus, I make to shine as the dawn, * Vulg. Eccli. 24, 44.

    antĕ-lūcĭo, adv. [lux], before daybreak (only in App.): aufugere, App. M. 1, p. 107, 8 Elm.: recubare, id. ib. 9, p. 223, 30.

    * antĕ-lūcŭlo, adv. [lux], before daybreak, App. M. 1, p. 108, 36 Elm.

    * antĕ-lūdĭum, ii, n. [ludo], a prelude, App. M. 11, p. 260, 31 Elm.

    * antĕ-mĕrīdĭālis, e, adj. (a rare form for the foll.), before mid-day or noon: horae, Mart. Cap. 6, p. 195.

    antĕ-mĕrīdĭānus, a, um, adj., before mid-day or noon: sermo, Cic. de Or. 3, 6: ambulatio, id. ib. 3, 30: litterae, received before mid-day, id. Att. 13, 23.

    antĕ-mitto, ĕre, v. a., to send before, send forwards, send on (rare; for praemittere): equitatum, Caes. B. G. 1, 21, ubi v. Herz.: antemissis equitibus, id. B. C. 1, 51; Sol. 25.

    Antemnae, ārum (sing. Antemna, Cato. Orig. ap. Prisc. p. 716 P.; Sil. 8, 367), f., a very ancient town of the Sabines, so called from its situation on the river (ante amnem; cf. Interamna) Anio, where it empties into the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 28 Müll.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 631; cf. Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; and Mann. Ital. 1, 662.
    Hence, An-temnās, ātis, adj., belonging to Antemnœ; Antemnātes, ium, m., its inhabitants, Liv. 1, 9, 10.

    * antĕ-moenĭo, īre, v. a. [munio], to furnish with a front or protecting wall, to provide with a rampart: antemoeni aliquā, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 68 dub. (Ritschl, anteveni; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).

    antĕ-mūrāle, is, n., a protecting wall, an outwork, breastwork (eccl. Lat.), Hier. Hom. 2: murus et antemurale, Vulg. Isa. 26, 1: luxitque antemurale, ib. Thren. 2, 8.

    * antĕ-mūrānus, a, um, adj. [murus], that is before the wall: vallum, Amm. 22 (12).

    antenna (also antemna), ae, f. [akin to ἀνατείνω, acc. to Doed.], a sail-yard: funes, qui antemnas ad malos destinabant, Caes. B. G. 3, 14: malis antemnisque de nave in navem trajectis, Liv. 30, 10 Weissenb.: antemnae gemunt, * Hor. C. 1, 14, 6: Effugit hibernas demissa antemna procellas, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 9: cornua velatarum antemnarum, the ends of the sail-yards covered with the sails, Verg. A. 3, 549.
    As pars pro toto = velum: pinus … antemnis apta ferendis, Ov. M. 13, 783.

    Antēnor, ŏris, m., = Ἀντήνωρ.

    1. I. A noble Trojan, who was in favor of restoring Helen and making peace with the Greeks; after the fall of Troy, he went to Italy and founded Patavium (Padua), Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 247; Ov. M. 13, 201; id. F. 4, 75; Liv. 1, 1.
      Hence,
    2. II. Derivv.
      1. A. Antēnŏrĕus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Antenor; or, Patavian, Paduan, Mart. 1, 77; 4, 25.
      2. B. Antēnŏrĭdes, ae, m., a male descendant of Antenor, Verg. A. 6, 484; also, an inhabitant of Padua, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 252.

    antĕ-nuptĭālis, e, adj., before marriage (only in late Lat.), Justin. Novell. 2, 1 al.

    anteoccŭpātio and anteoccŭpo, better separately, ante occŭpātio, etc.

    antĕ-paenultĭmus (less correctly written -pēn-), a, um, adj.; in gram., pertaining to the third syllable from the end, antepenultimate, Diom. p. 425 P.; Mart. Cap. 3, p. 60 al.

    antĕ-pagmentum or antĭp-, i, n. [pango]; in archit., every thing that is used for garnishing the exterior of a house, as the ornaments about the doors, windows, etc., Cato, R. R. 14; cf. Vitr. 4, 6; Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll.; Müll. Archaeol. § 287.

    antĕpăro and antĕpartus, more correctly, antĕ păro, etc.

    * antĕ-passĭo, ōnis, f., a transl. of the Gr. προπάθεια, a presentiment of pain, suffering, etc., Hier. Ep. 97 ad Salv. 9.

    antĕ-pendŭlus, a, um, adj., hanging before (only late Lat.): crines, App. M. 2, p. 125, 4 Elm.; 5, p. 168, 23 Elm.

    antĕpĕrĕo, more correctly written antĕ pĕrĕo.

    antĕ-pēs, pĕdis, m.

    1. * I. The forefoot Cic. Arat. 454.
    2. II. = anteambulo, a forerunner, etc., Agroet. Orthogr. p. 2274 P. (in Juv. 7, 143, the correct read. is ante pedes, Jahn).

    antĕ-pīlānus, i, m.

    1. I. In milit. lang.
      1. A. The soldiers who fought before the pilani, i. e. the hastati and the principes, Liv. 8, 8.
      2. B. In Ammianus, = antesignanus, one who fought before the standards, 16, 12, 20.
    2. II. Trop., a competitor, a rival, Amm. 28, 1.

    antĕ-pollĕo, ēre, v. n., to be more powerful, to excel, surpass (late Lat.): alicui, App. M. 1, p. 104, 20 Elm.: toto vertice cunctos, id. ib. 7, p. 189, 35 Elm.

    antĕ-pōno, pŏsui, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a., to set or place before.

    1. I. Lit.
      1. A. In gen.: equitum locos sedilibus plebis, Tac. A. 15, 32: propugnacula anteposita, id. ib. 12, 56.
      2. B. Esp., to set (food) before one (com., pono, as Hor. S. 1, 3, 92; Juv. 1, 141 al.): prandium pransoribus, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 2; so id. Curc. 1, 1, 73; id. Rud. 2, 6, 25.
    2. II. Trop., to prefer, give the preference to: longe Academiae illi hoc gymnasium anteponam, Cic. de Or. 1, 21 fin.: suo generi meum, id. Sull. 8, 25: amicitiam omnibus rebus humanis, id. Am. 5, 17; Nep. Eum. 1, 3; Tac. A. 12, 69.
      Note: With tmesis: pono ante: mala bo nis ponit ante, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 71.

    * antĕ-pŏtens, entis, adj., superior in power or fortune: voluptatibus gaudiisque antepotens, Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 2.

    antĕquam and antĕ quam, v. ante, II. B. 2.

    † antērĭdes, um, f., = ἀντηρίδες; in archit., counter-props set against a wall to support it, a buttress, Vitr. 10, 1.

    † antērĭdĭon, i, dim. n., = ἀντηρίδιον, a little prop or support, Vitr. 10, 17 fin. (dub.).

    antĕrĭor, ōris, adj. comp. [ante] (only in late Lat.), that is before, foremost: pars. Amm. 16, 8; 25, 3.
    Of time, previous, former, anterior: litterae tuae, Symm. Ep. 6, 59: reges, Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 52 al.
    * Adv.: antĕrĭus, before, Sid. Ep. 2, 9.

    † Antĕrōs, ōtis, m., = Ἀντέρως (an opponent of Eros)

    1. I. An avenger of slighted love, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 60.
    2. II. A kind of amethyst, Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 123.
    3. III. A slave of Atticus, Cic. Att. 9, 14, 3; 11, 1, 1.

    antes, ium, m. [etym. unc., perh. from ante, as before, over against, one another], rows, e. g. of vines, Verg. G. 2, 417, cf. Paul. ex. Fest. p. 16 Müll.
    Also of plants, Col. 10, 376.
    Of ranks of soldiers, Cato ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 2, 417.

    * antĕ-schŏlānus, i. m. [schola], a kind of teacher, Petr. 81.

    antescŏlārius, ii, m., same as foregoing: ANTE SCOLARIS VIRGINVM (Vestalium), Inscr. Orell. 1175.

    antĕ-signānus, i, m. [signum], that is before the standard; hence,

    1. I. Lit.: antesignant (sc. milites), a chosen band of Roman soldiers who fought before the standards, and served for their defence, Caes. B. C. 1, 43; 1, 57; Liv. 22, 5; 9, 39; Varr. ap. Non. p. 553, 10.
    2. II. Transf., a leader, commander: in acie Pharsalicā, Cic. Phil. 2, 29; so App. M. 4, p. 147, 12.

    ante-sto or anti-sto, stĕti, 1, v. n., to stand before, only in a trop. signif., to excel, be superior to; with dat. or acc.; also absol., to distinguish one’s self, to be distinguished: brassica, quae omnibus holeribus antistat, Cato, R. R. 156: Crotoniatae omnibus corporum viribus et dignitatibus antestiterunt, Cic. Inv. 2, 12 B. and K.: quanto antestaret eloquentia innocentiae, Nep. Arist. 1, 2 Halm: virtute ceteris, Claud, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13: aliquem, Met. Numid. ap. Gell. 12, 9: Scandinavia magnitudine alias (insulas) antestat, Mel. 3, 6, 7: Herculis antistare si facta putabis, * Lucr. 5, 22 Lachm.

    antestor, ātus, 1, v. dep [acc. to Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 564, from an-, the Gr. ἀνά, as in anhelo, q. v. fin., and testor; acc. to others, from ante and testor], a word peculiar to judicial proceedings, to call up as a witness before the opening of the cause, to call as a witness (the formula was: licet antestari? and the person gave his assent by offering the tip of his ear, which the summoner touched; cf. Smith, Dict. Antiq.); so in 1 Fragm. in XII. Tab.: SI. IN. IVS. VOCAT. NI. IT. ANTESTATOR. IGITVR. EM. CAPITO: Ph. Licet te antestari? Th. Non licet, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 23; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 25; id. Pers. 4, 9, 10; so id. Poen. 5, 4, 59; 5, 4, 60: magnā Inclamat voce, et Licet antestari? Ego vero Oppono auriculam, * Hor. S. 1, 9, 76: est in aure imā memoriae locus, quem tangentes antestamur, Plin. 11, 45, 103.
    In Cic. once, in gen. sense, not pertaining to judic. proceedings: te, magne, antestaretur, quod nunc etiam facit, Mil. 25 fin.
    In a pass. signif., Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.
    Hence, antestātus, a, um, P. a.; subst., a witness, Gai. Inst. 1, 6, 3.

    ‡ antĕurbāna, ōrum, n.: anteurbana: praedia urbi propinqua, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll.

    antē-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4, v. n., to come before, get the start of, anticipate.

    1. I. Lit., with dat. or acc. (cf. Rudd. II. p. 137): temport, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 66 (tempus, Claud. 23, 152): exercitum, Sall. J. 48, 2; so id. ib. 56, 2: consilia et insidias (hostium), to thwart, id. ib. 88, 2.
      Pass.: omni tempore anteventum est, Cato ap. Non. p. 87, 17.
    2. II. Trop., to exceed, surpass, excel (very rare): amor omnibus rebus antevenit, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 1: per virtutem nobilitatem, Sall. J. 4, 7.
      Also, absol., to become greater, more distinguished: beneficia, ubi multum antevenere, Tac. A. 4, 18.

    antĕ-ventŭlus, a, um, adj. [venio], coming before, hanging before, = antependulus (perh. only in App.): comae, App. M. 9, 231, 5: crines, id. Flor. 3, p. 342, 2 Elm.

    * antĕversĭo, ōnis, f. [anteverto], an anticipating, preventing: anteversio et praegressus, Amm. 21, 5 fin.

    antĕ-verto (archaic -vor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a. (as dep antevortar, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 1), to place one’s self before, to go or come before, to precede.

    1. I. Lit.: maerores antevortunt gaudiis, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 60: stella tum antevertens, tum subsequens, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53: itaque antevertit, id. Mil. 17.
    2. II. Trop.
      1. A. To anticipate: miror, ubi ego huic antevorterim, * Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 12: mihi Fannius antevertit, Cic. Am. 4, 16: damnationem veneno, Tac. A. 13, 30.
      2. B. To prefer, to place before: rebus aliis antevortar, ut, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 1: Caesar omnibus consiliis antevertendum existimavit, ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 7 (where omnibus consiliis are not, as Herz. ad h. l. supposes, the abl., but analog. to rebus aliis in the preced. example, in the dat., e. g.: prae omnibus aliis consiliis id efficiendum existimavit ut, etc., Fr.).

    antĕ-vĭo, āre, v. n. [via], to go before, Ven. Fort. 4, 26.

    antĕ-vŏlo, āre, v. n., to fly before; with acc. (only post-Aug.; in Verg. A. 9, 47, and 12, 455 Rib., it is written apart, ante volo): currum, Stat. Th. 3, 427: agmen, Sil. 12, 600: Zephyros, Claud. Phoen. 21.

    Antĕ-vorta, ae, f. [verto], the name of a goddess who reminds men of things past (opp. Postvorta), Macr. S. 1, 7 (in Ov. F. 1, 633, and Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 336, called Porrima).

    † anthălĭum, ii, n., = ἀνθάλιον, a kind of bulbous esculent root: Cyperus esculentus, Linn.; Plin. 21, 15, 52, § 88.

    † 1. anthēdon, ŏnis, f., = ἀνθηδών, a species of the medlar-tree, the Greek medlar: Mespilus tanacetifolia, Linn.; Plin. 15, 20, 22, § 84.

    2. Anthēdon, ŏnis, f., = Ἀνθηδών,

    1. I. A town and harbor in Bœotia, opposite the island Eubœa (hence called Euboica), the birthplace of Glaucus, and noted for its great traffic in sponges, now Paleo-kastro, Ov. M. 13, 905; 7, 232; cf. Mann. Gr. 220.
      Hence, Anthēdŏnĭus, a, um, adj., Anthedonic, Stat. Th. 9, 291; 9, 328.
    2. II. A maritime town in Palestine, afterwards called Agrippias, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.
    3. III. A port on the Saronic Gulf, belonging to Argolis, Plin. 4, 5, 9, § 18.

    † anthĕmis, ĭdis, f., = ἀνθεμίς, the herb chamomile: Anthemis, Linn.; Plin. 22, 21, 26, § 53.

    † anthĕmum, i, n., = ἄνθεμον, an herb good for calculi, Plin. 26, 8, 55, § 9.

    Anthĕmūs, untis, f., = Ἀνθεμοῦς.

    1. I. A region in Macedonia, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 36.
    2. II. A town in Mesopotamia, Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 118; called also Anthĕmūsĭăs, ădis (sc. urbs), Tac. A. 6, 41.
    3. III. A river of Colchis, Plin. 6, 5, 5, § 15.
      Hence, Anthĕ-mūsĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Anthemus, Eutr. 8, 2; Amm. 14, 9.

    Anthĕmūsia, ae, f., a town in Macedonia, Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86; also called An-themus, q. v.

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