Lewis & Short

No entries found. Showing closest matches:

vīginti (or XX.), num. adj. [Sanscr. vicati; Gr. εἴκοσι; Boeot. ϝίκατι], twenty: viginti jam usu’st filio argenti minis, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76: si viginti quiessem dies, Cic. Planc. 37, 90; id. Univ. 7: annos natus unum et viginti, id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; Liv. 2, 21, 7: blattae impositae diebus viginti uno, Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 141; cf. id. 30, 10, 27, § 92: cui (Mithridati) duas et viginti linguas traditur notas fuisse, Quint. 11, 2, 50: quattuor hinc rapimur viginti et milia raedis, Hor. S. 1, 5, 86 et saep.

X, x, a character probably derived from the Greek Ξ (this form of that letter being found in some few Greek inscriptions). Though not introduced instead of the characters for the two separate sounds till after the adoption of the alphabet, the letter x is certainly older than the Latin inscriptions known to us; for we find in the Columna rostr., EXEMET MAXIMOS, EXFOCIONT; in the fifth Epitaph of the Scipios, SAXSVM; and in the S. C. de Bacch., EXDEICENDVM, EXDEICATIS. EXTRAD, etc.The sound of X was like that of the Greek ξ, i. e. ks, although etymologically it represented not only cs (as in lux, from luc-s, and dixi, from dic-si), but also gs (as in lex, from leg-s; rexi, from reg-si); hs (as in traxi, from trah-si; vexi, from vehsi); and chs (as in the word onyx, from onych-s, borrowed from the Greek). The hardening of a softer final (g, h, ch) before s into the c-sound, which occurs in the last-mentioned cases, is found also in several roots ending in v and u: nix for niv-s, vixi for viv-si, connixi for conniv-si, fluxi for fluv-si, from fluo (root FLUV; cf. fluvius), struxi for stru-si. Less frequently x has arisen from the combinations ps and ts: proximus for prop-simus (from prope), nixus for nit-sus (from nitor), the latter being used along with the collateral form nisus, as also connivi with connixi, and mistus (from misceo) with mixtus. An exchange of the sounds ss, or s and x, took place in axis for assis, laxus for lassus; cf. also Ulixes, from the Sicilian Οὐλίξης, Etruscan Uluxe for Ὀδυσσεύς; so, too. Sextius, Exquiliae = Sestius, Esquiliae; cf. also Ajax = Αἴας. In the later language of the vulgar, the guttural sound in x disappeared, and s or ss was often written for it; as vis for vix. vixit for visit. unsit for unxit, conflississet for conflixisset, in late Inscrr. (v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 297 sq.); hence regularly in Italian, and frequently in the other Romance tongues, the Lat. x is represented by s or ss. Respecting the nature of x in composition, v. ex.By a mere graphic variation, one of the constituent sounds of x is often expressed in inscriptions (but not the earliest, v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 296) by an additional c or s; as SACXO or SAXSO for saxo; VCXOR or VXSOR for uxor; CONIVNCX or CONIVNXS for conjux; even both sounds are sometimes thus expressed, VICXSIT for vixit.As an abbreviation X stands for decem, ten; it was stamped upon the silver denarius, so called because it was valued at ten asses.

Xanthĭcus, a, um, adj. (sc. mensis), the Macedonian name of a month which corresponded to the Roman Aprilis, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 9, 38.

Xanthippē, ēs, f., = Ξανθίππη, the wife of Socrates, Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; Gell. 1, 17, 1.

Xanthippus, i, m., = Ξάνθιππος.

  1. I. The father of Pericles, Cic. Brut. 11, 44.
  2. II. A Lacedœmonian, who took Regulus prisoner, Cic. Off. 3, 26, 99.

Xantho, ūs, f., = Ξανθώ, a sea-nymph, daughter of Nereus and Doris, Verg. G. 4, 336.

† xanthos, i, m., = ξάνθος, a precious stone of a golden color, otherwise unknown, Plin. 37, 10, 60, § 169.

Xanthus, i, m., = Ξάνθος, the name of several rivers.

  1. I. A river of Troas, confounded by many with the Scamander, Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 124; 2, 103, 106, § 230; Verg. A. 1, 473; 5, 634 al.; Ov. M. 2, 245; 9, 646; Vitr. 8, 3 med.
  2. II. A river in Lycia, near a town of the same name, now Essenide, Mel. 1, 15, 3; Verg. A. 4, 143; id. Cul. 14; Hor. C. 4, 6, 26; Plin. 5, 27, 28, § 100; 6, 34, 39, § 214.
  3. III. A small stream in Epirus, Verg. A. 3, 350.

Xĕniădes, is, m., = Ξενιάδης, a Corinthian who purchased and liberated Diogenes the Cynic, Gell. 2, 18, 9.

xĕnĭŏlum, i, n. dim. [xenium], a small gift or present, App. M. 2, p. 119, 24; Dig. 1, 16, 6.

† xĕnĭum, ii, n., = ξένιον, a gift or present made to a guest (pure Lat. lautia).

  1. I. Lit., Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 14; Vitr. 6, 10.
    Hence, Xenia, the title of the thirteenth book of Martial’s epigrams, because treating of such things as were usually presented to guests, Mart. 13, 3, 1.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a gift. present, Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8; Dig. 1, 16, 6; Vulg. Ecclus. 20, 31.

Xĕno, ōnis, m., = Ξένων, an Epicurean philosopher, a native of Athens, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; 5, 11, 6; 7, 1, 1; 13, 37, 1.

Xĕnocles, is, m., = Ξενοκλῆς, a rhetorician of Adramytteum, Cic. Brut. 91, 316.

Xĕnŏcrătes, is, m., = Ξενοκράτης,

  1. I. a disciple of Plato, born at Chalcedon in the 95th Olympiad, B. C. 400, Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; id. Tusc. 5, 18, 51; id. Off. 1, 30, 109; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3.
  2. II. A sculptor, a pupil of Tisicrates, and author of works on sculpture, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83.
  3. III. A writer on the art of painting, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 68.

† xĕnŏdŏchīum or -ēum, i, n., = ξενοδοχεῖον, a public building for the reception of strangers, a caravansary, a stranger’s hospital (syn. deversorium), Hier. Ep. 66, 11; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 17; 1, 3, 33; 1, 3, 35.
Called also xĕnōn, ōnis, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 19 al.

† xĕnŏdŏchus, i, m., = ξενοδόχος, one who receives strangers, a superintendent of the stranger’s hospital, Cod. Just. 1, 8, 33 fin.

xĕnōn, v. xenodochium.

† xĕnŏpărŏchus, i, m., = ξενοπάροχος, one who attends to or provides for strangers, Dig. 5, 4, 18.

Xĕnŏphănes, is, m., = Ξενοφάνης, a celebrated Greek philosopher of Colophon, born about B. C. 556, a disciple of Archelous, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118; id. N. D. 1, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 3, 5; 1, 39, 87; Lact. 3, 23, 11.

Xĕnŏphĭlus, i, m., = Ξενόφιλος, a Pythagorean philosopher and musician, Val. Max. 8, 13, ext. 2; Plin. 7, 50, 51 § 168.

Xĕnŏphon, ontis, m., = Ξενοφῶν, a celebratea Greek historian and philosopher, born B. C. 445, a pupil of Socrates and a leader of the Greeks in the army of Cyrus the younger, Cic. Div. 1, 25, 52; id. Tusc. 5, 34, 99; id. Sen. 9, 30; id. Leg. 2, 22, 56; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8.
Hence, Xĕnŏphontēus or -īus, a, um, adj., = Ξενοφόντειος, of or belonging to Xenophon, Xenophontian: genus sermonis, Cic. Brut. 35, 132: Hercules, i. e. mentioned in his writings, id. Fam. 5, 12, 3.

† xērampĕlĭnae, ārum. f. (sc. vestes), = ξηραμπελιναι (of the color of dry vineleaves), dark-red or dark-colored clothes, Juv. 6, 519.

† xērantĭcus, a, um, adj., = ξηραντικός, drying: decoctio, Macer, 1, 88; Theod. Prisc. 2, 3.

† xērŏcollȳrĭum, ii, n., = ξηροκολλύριον, a dry salve, Marc. Emp. 8, 3.

Xērŏlŏphus, i, m., = Ξηρόλοφος (prop. Dry Hill), the name of a place in Byzantium, Just. Inst. 4, 18, 5; Prisc. p. 347 P.

xērŏmyrrha, ae, f. (ξηρόσ-μύρρα), dry myrrh, Sedul. Hymn. 2, 81.

† xērŏphăgĭa, ae, f., = ξηροφαγία, the eating of dry food: xerophagias observare, Tert. adv Psych. 1 fin.

† xērophthalmĭa, ae, f., = ξηροφθαλμία, a dry soreness of the eyes, an inflammation of the eyes, Marc. Emp. 8, 3 (in Cels. 6, 6, 29, written as Greek).

Xerxes (Xerses, Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26), is (i, Nep. Reg. 1), m., = Ξέρξης, the celebrated king of Persia, son of Darius Hystaspis, vanquished by the Greeks at Salamis, Cic. Tusc. 5, 7, 20; id. N. D. 1, 41, 115.

† xĭphĭas, ae, m., = ξιφίας (swordshaped).

  1. I. A sword-fish: Xiphias gladius, Linn.; Plin. 32, 2, 6, § 15; Ov. Hal. 97.
  2. II. A sword-shaped comet, Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 89.

† xĭphĭon, ii, n., = ξιφίον, sword-flag, gladiole, Plin. 25, 11, 88, § 137.

Xūthus, i, m., = Ξοῦθος, a son of Helen, grandson of Deucalion, and father of a branch of the Hellenic nation, T. Mam. Syll. 884.

Xylĭnē, ēs, f. (ξυλίνη): Xyline come, a village in Pamphylia, Liv. 38, 15.

† xylĭnum, i, n., = ξύλινον, cotton, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 14.

† xylŏbalsămum, i, n., = ξυλοβάλσαμον, balsam-wood, the wood of the balsamtree, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 118; 13, 1, 2, §§ 13, 15; 29, 3, 13, § 56.

† xylŏcassĭa, ae, f., = ξυλοκασσία, the wood of the cassia, cassia-wood, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.

† xylŏcinnămōmum, i, n., = ξυλοκιννάμωμον, the wood of the cinnamonshrub, cinnamon-wood, Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 91; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.
Also contracted, xylŏ-cinnămum, i, n., Scrib. Comp. 271.

† xylon, i, n., = ξύλον (wood; in partic.), the cotton-tree, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 14.

xylŏphytum (-on), i, n., = ξυλόφυτον, a kind of herb, comfrey, App. Herb. 59.

Xȳnĭae, ārum, f., a town of Thessaly, Liv. 32, 13, 14; 33, 3, 8; 39, 26, 2.

† xyris, ĭdis, f., = ξυρίς, wild iris, Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 143.

† xystarches, ae, m., = ξυστάρχης, the master, director, or manager of a xystus, Amm. 21, 1, 4; Tert. ad Mart. 3.

Xystĭāni, ōrum, m., a people of Caria, Plin. 5, 29, 29, § 109.

† xystĭcus, a, um, adj., = ξυστικός, of or belonging to a xystus.

  1. I. Adj.: vanitas, i. e. of the athletes, Tert. Pud. 7 med.
  2. II. Subst.: xystĭci, ōrum, m., athletes, Suet. Aug. 45; Dig. 3, 2, 4; Inscr. Grut. 332, 6.

Xystĭlis, is, f., the name of a woman, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 81.

xystum, i, v xystus.

† xystus, i, m., or xystum, i, n., = ξυστός or ξυστόν.

  1. I. Among the Greeks, a covered portico or gallery, where the athletes exercised in winter, Vitr. 5, 11, 4; 6, 10, 5; Tert. Apol. 38.
  2. II. Among the Romans, an open colonnade or portico, or a walk planted with trees, etc., for recreation, conversation, philosophic discussion, etc., Cic. Att. 1, 8, 2; id. Brut. 3, 10; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; Sen. Ira. 3, 18, 3; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 17; 5, 6, 19; 9, 7, 4; 9, 36, 3; Suet. Aug. 72; Phaedr. 2, 5, 18.