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bătillum (in MSS. also vatillum), i, n. (batillus, i, m., Marc. Emp. 27).

  1. I. A shovel, a fire-shovel, coal-shovel, dirt or dungshovel, etc.: batilli ferrei, Plin. 33, 8, 44, § 127; 34, 11, 26, § 112; Treb. Pol. Claud. 14; Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 5.
  2. II. A fire-pan, chafing-dish, fumigating-pan, incense-pan: prunae batillum, * Hor. S. 1, 5, 36 (Jahn, K. and H. vatillum).

Bellocassi, ōrum (also Velocasses, ium, Caes. B. G 2, 4, and Velliocasses, Hirt. B. G. 8, 7), m., a people on the right bank of the Seine, from the mouth of the Oise to the town Le Pont de l’Arche, Caes. B. G. 7, 75

Bergistāni or Vergistāni, ōrum, m., a community of robbers in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 34, 16, 9; 34, 17, 5; 34, 21, 6.

1. dē-versor (vorsor), ātus, 1, v. dep. n., to be tarrying as a guest, to lodge anywhere as a guest (rare but good prose): cum Athenis apud eum deversarer, Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 22; so, apud aliquem, id. Att. 6, 1, 25; 13, 2, 2: in domo aliqua, id. Verr. 2, 1, 27; cf. id. Phil. 2, 27 fin.: domi suae deversatum esse, id. Verr. 2, 4, 31, § 70; Liv. 23, 8, 9; 44, 9 fin.: parum laute, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 25.

dī-verto (vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. n., to turn or go different ways, to part, separate, turn aside (in the verb. finit. rare; not in the class. per.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. To turn out of the way; hence, of travellers, to stop, lodge, sojourn: qui divertebat in proximo, Amm. 14, 7, 15: in cenaculum, Vulg. 4 Reg. 4, 11: ad hominem peccatorem, to visit, id. Luc. 19, 7 al.
    2. B. Of a married woman, to leave her husband: (uxor) sive diverterit, sive nupta est adhuc, Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 30; cf. so of divorce: si uxor a legato diverterit, ib. 5, 1, 42: nullis matrimoniis divertentibus, Gell. 4, 3. V. also divortium.
  2. II. Trop., to deviate from each other, to differ: divortunt mores virgini longe ac lupae, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 22.
    Hence, dīversus (-vorsus), a, um, P. a., turned different ways.
  1. I. Set over against each other, opposite, contrary (freq. and class.; cf.: adversus, contrarius).
    1. A. Lit.: in diversum iter equi concitati, Liv. 1, 28: fenestrae, opposite each other, Prop. 1, 3, 31; cf. ripa, Sil. 1, 264 Drak.: iter a proposito diversum, Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 1; cf.: diverso ab ea regione itinere, id. ib. 3, 41, 4: diversis ab flumine regionibus, id. B. G. 6, 25, 3: diversam aciem constituit, id. B. C. 1, 40, 5: duo cinguli maxime inter se diversi, i. e. the two polar circles, Cic. Rep. 6, 20 (13): diversum ad mare dejectus, Tac. A. 2, 60; cf.: procurrentibus in diversa terris, id. Agr. 11: in diversum flectere, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248: binas per diversum coassationes substernere, cross-wise, Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. In gen., different, diverse, opposite, contrary, conflicting (cf.: varius, differens, discrepans, multiplex): monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis cupiditatibusque conflatum, Cic. Cael. 5 fin.; cf.: quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque expectatis aut speret aut timeat? Vell. 2, 75, 2: pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia, Sall. C. 5, 8; cf. Liv. 34, 4.
        In the sup.: ne illi falsi sunt, qui diversissimas res pariter exspectant, ignaviae voluptatem et praemia virtutis, Sall. J. 85, 20: diversa sibi ambo consilia capiunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 30, 1: est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 5; cf. Vell. 2, 80, 2: initio reges diversi pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant, pursuing opposite courses, Sall. C. 2, 1: diversi imperatoribus (sc. Scipioni et Mummio) mores, diversa fuerunt studia, Vell. 1, 13, 3: dividere bona diversis, Hor. S. 1, 3, 114; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 3; Vell. 2, 60 fin. et saep.
        Of conflicting passions: Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas; nugas fuisse credo, prae quo pacto ego divorsus distrahor, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 2.
        Comp.: divorsius, Lucr. 3, 803.
      2. 2. In partic. (like contrarius, II. 2.), inimically opposed, of hostile or opposite opinions, unfriendly, hostile: certa igitur cum illo, qui a te totus diversus est, Cic. Ac. 2, 32: regio ab se diversa, Liv. 32, 38: diversos iterum conjungere amantes, Prop. 1, 10, 15: acies, Tac. A. 13, 57; 14, 30: factio, Suet. Caes. 20; id. Tib. 3 fin.; cf. partes, id. Caes. 1: diversae partis advocatus, opposite, id. Gramm. 4: diversi ordiuntur, etc., Tac. A. 2, 10: subsellia, of the opponents, Quint. 11, 3, 133; cf. Tac. Or. 34: minuere invidiam aut in diversum eam transferre, Quint. 11, 1, 64: defectio Tarentinorum utrum priore anno an hoc facta sit, in diversum auctores trahunt, are not agreed, Liv. 25, 11 fin.; cf.: nullo in diversum auctore, Tac. A. 12, 69: consistentis ex diverso patroni, on the opposite side, Quint. 4, 1, 42: ex diverso, id. 5, 11, 43; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 4, 16 et saep.; also: e diverso, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9; Just. 30, 4, 6; the latter in Sueton, and the elder Pliny, i. q. contra, on the contrary: sunt qui putent, etc. … Alii e diverso, etc., Suet. Caes. 86; cf. id. Aug. 27; id. Dom. 9; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; 5, 9, 10, § 56 al.; cf. Sillig. ad Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 35; Gai. Inst. 2, 16.
  2. II. In different directions, apart, separate (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).
    1. A. Lit.: dispennite hominem divorsum et distennite, spread out in opposite directions, i. e. his limbs, Plaut. Mil. 5, 14: diversae state, id. Truc. 4, 3, 14; cf.: diversi pugnabant, separately, Caes. B. C. 1, 58, 4; so, jam antea diversi audistis, Sall. C. 20, 5; and: sive juncti unum premant, sive id diversi gerant bellum, Liv. 10, 25: diversi dissipatique in omnes partes fugere, Caes. B. G. 2, 24, 4; cf.: ex diversa fuga in unum collecti, Liv. 42, 8: age diversos et disice corpora ponto, Verg. A. 1, 70: diversi consules discedunt, Liv. 10, 33, 10; 22, 56; Nep. Dat. 11, 3 al.; cf.: quo diversus abis? away, Verg. A. 5, 166; 11, 855: qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 fin.; cf. id. Agr. 2, 32, 87; Liv. 40, 22: in locis disjunctissimis maximeque diversis, very widely separated, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 4; so, loca, id. ib. 16; Caes. B. G. 2, 22, 1 et saep.
      Cf. in the sup.: diversissimis locis subeundo ad moenia, Liv. 4, 22: itinera, Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 2: proelium, fought in different places, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19, 2 et saep.: sunt ea innumerabilia, quae a diversis emebantur, by various people, individuals (as an indefinite term for persons), Cic. Phil. 2, 37.
      Poet., i. q. remotus, remote, far-distant: Aesar, i. e. flowing in another, remote country, Ov. M. 15, 23; cf. Verg. A. 3, 4; 11, 261; 12, 621; 708: diverso terrarum distineri, distance apart, remoteness, Tac. A. 3, 59.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. Different, unlike, dissimilar: varia et diversa genera et bellorum et hostium, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10 fin.; cf.: variae et diversae et diffusae disputationes, id. de Or. 3, 16, 61; 1, 61 fin.: diversa ac dissimilis pars, id. Inv. 1, 23, 33; cf.: diversa studia in dissimili ratione, id. Cat. 2, 5: flumina diversa locis, Verg. G. 4, 367; so Ov. M. 1, 40: oris habitu simili aut diverso, Quint. 9, 3, 34 al.: ut par ingenio, ita morum diversus, Tac. A. 14, 19: a proposita ratione diversum, Cic. Brut. 90; cf.: ab his longe diversae litterae, Sall. C. 34 fin.; Quint. 4, 1, 9; cf. also id. 2, 10, 7: huic diversa sententia eorum fuit, id. 3, 6, 32.
        Cf. so with dat., Quint. 2, 3, 10; 3, 10, 3 et saep.
        With gen.: diversa omnium, quae umquam accidere, civilium armorum facies, Tac. A. 1, 49: diversa in hac ac supradicta alite quaedam, Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 32: eruca diversae est, quam lactuca, naturae, id. 19, 8, 44, § 154.
      2. 2. Divided, fluctuating, hesitating, inconsistent: metu ac libidine divorsus agebatur, Sall. J. 25, 6: qui diversus animi modo numen pavescere, modo, etc., Tac. H. 4, 84: diversi fremat inconstantia vulgi, Tib. 4, 1, 45.
        Adv.: dī-verse or dīvorse (acc. to II.), different ways, hither and thither; in different directions (very rarely): corpora prostrata diverse jacebant, scattered, Auct. B. Afr. 40 fin.; so, pauci paulo divorsius conciderant, Sall. C. 61, 3: multifariam diverseque tendere, Suet. Galb. 19.
    3. B. Trop. of the mind: curae meum animum divorse trahunt, Ter. And. 1, 5, 25: ab eodem de eadem re diverse dicitur, differently, Cic. Inv. 1, 50: diversissime adfici, very variously, Suet. Tib. 66: uti verbo ab alicujus sententia diverse, in a different meaning, Gell. 6, 17, 9.

Naristi (v. l. Varisti; also Varis-tae, ārum, Capitol. Anton. Phil. 22, 1), ōrum, m., a people of Germany, part of the Suevi, near the Hermundurians, Tac. G. 42; Cap. Marc. Aur. 22.

2. Utens or Utīs, entis, m., = Οὔτεις, εντος, a river in Cisalpine Gaul, now the Montone, Liv. 5, 35, 3; called Vitis, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 115.

V, v, a character derived from the Greek γ, Mar. Victor. p. 2459 P. A consonant which, though originally written with the same sign as the vowel u (v. the letter U), was by the ancients themselves considered as essentially different from it, Charis. p. 57 P.; Diom. p. 416; 420 P.; Prisc. p. 539; 542; 544 sq. P.; Vel. Long. p. 2215; 2222 P.; just as the consonant i (j) and the vowel i were regarded as two distinct letters; v. the letter J.

  1. I. The sound of V seems to have been the same with that of English initial W. It corresponded to the Æolic digamma; hence it is called, Quint. 12, 10, 29, Aeolica littera, and the emperor Claudius used the Greek digamma inverted F [??] to represent it (because in its proper position it already formed the Latin letter F), Quint. 1, 7, 26; Prisc. p. 545 sq. P.; Gell. 14, 5, 2; v. also the inscrr. of the period during and immediately succeeding the reign of Claudius, Inscr. Orell. 710 sq.; Marini Atti, p. 97. In very many words which were originally common to both languages, the initial or medial v in Latin represents a lost digamma in Greek; cf.: ver, ἦρ; vis, ἴς; video, ΙΔ; vestis, ἐσθής; vitulus, ἰταλός; vomo, ἐμέω; voco, ἔπω; volvo, εἴλω; vinum, οἰνος; viola, ἴον; vespera, ἑσπέρα; Vesta, Ἑστία; silva, ὕλη; ovis, ὄϊς; divus, δῖος; aevum, αἰών; scaevus, σκαιός; vicus, οἶκος; levis, λεῖος al. (For a full discussion of the sound of V, see Roby, Gram. I. praef. p. xxxiii. sqq.).
  2. II. V has the closest affinity to the vowel u, and hence, in the course of composition and inflection, it often passed into the latter: solvo, solutum, from solvĭtum, solŭĭtum; caveo, cautum, from cavitum; fautor, from faveo; lautum, from lavo; nauta, from navita; audeo, cf. avidus; neu, seu, from neve, sive; tui, cf. Sanscr. tvam; sui, Sanscr. sva-; suavis, Sanscr. svadus, and is resolved into it by the poets from prosodial necessity: silŭa (trisyl.) for silva; dissŏlŭo, evŏlŭam (quadrisyl.), for dissolvam, evolvam; dissŏlŭenda, evolŭisse (quinquasyl.), for dissolvenda, evolvisse, etc., just as, for the same cause, although less freq., u passed into v: gēnva, tēnvis (dissyl.), for gēnŭa, tĕnŭis; tēnvĭa, tēnvĭus (trisyl.), for tĕnŭĭa, tĕnŭĭus.
    For the affinity of v to b, v. the letter B.
  3. III. V as a medial between two vowels was very freq. elided, esp. in inflection, and the word underwent in consequence a greater or less contraction: amavisti, amāsti; deleverunt, delērunt; novisti, nōsti; audivisti, audīsti, or audiisti; siveris, siris, or sieris; obliviscor, oblitus; dives, dis; aeviternus, aeternus; divitior, ditior; bovibus, bubus, etc.; providens, prudens; movimentum, momentum; provorsus, prorsus; si vis, sis; si vultis, sultis; Jovis pater, Juppiter; mage volo, mavolo, malo; non volo, nolo, etc. An example of the elision of v without a further contraction of the word is found in seorsus, from sevorsus (v. seorsus).
    This etymological suppression of v is to be distinguished from its purely orthographical omission before or after u in ancient MSS. and inscriptions, as serus for servus, noum for novum, festius for festivus, Pacuius for Pacuvius; cf. the letters J and Q.
    V is sometimes elided after a mute: dis for dvis from duo; likewise after s: sibi for svibi (from su-ibi); sis, sas, sos, for suis, suas, suos; sultis for si vultis; so Lat. si corresponds to Umbr. sve and Osc. svai; v. esp. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 310 sqq.
  4. IV. As an abbreviation, V (as the sign of the consonant) stands for vir, vivus, vixit, voto, vale, verba, etc.; V. C., or also VC., vir clarissimus; VCP., voti compos posuit; V. V., virgo Vestalis; V. F. Q. D. E. R. F. P. D. E. R. I. C., verba fecerunt. Quid de re fieri placeret, de re ita censuerunt.
    As a numeral, the letter V stands for half of the geometrical cross X or ten, Zumpt, Gr. § 115 Anm. 1.

Văcălus, i, m., a river of Gaul, tributary to the Rhine, now the Wahal, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; called also Vahalis, q. v.

văcans, antis, Part. and P. a. of vaco.

văcanter, adv., v. vaco, P. a. fin.

văcātĭo, ōnis, f. [vaco], a being free from a duty, service, etc.; freedom, exemption, immunity; a freeing, exempting, dispensation (class.; syn. immunitas).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.
          1. (α) With gen. obj.: vacatio omnium munerum, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53: publici muneris, id. Fam. 9, 6, 5: sumptus, laboris, militiae, rerum denique omnium, id. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23: militiae, Caes. B. G. 6, 14; Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 53; Just. 1, 9, 12: quinquennii militiae vacatio, Liv. 23, 20, 2; 42, 33, 4: rerum omnium, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 58: malorum, Sen. Ep. 85, 5.
          2. (β) With ab: a causis vacatio, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 11: ab belli administratione, Liv. 23, 32, 15: ab opere, Col. 6, 14, 3: a sacerdotio, Gell. 1, 12, 7.
          3. (γ) With quominus: vacationem augures, quominus judiciis operam darent, non habere, Cic. Brut. 31, 117.
          4. (δ) Absol.: falsum est, ob vacationem pretium datum, Cic. Font. 4, 7: cum sacerdotes deorum vacationem habeant, quanto est aequius habere ipsos deos, id. Ac. 2, 38, 121: deprecari vacationem adulescentiae, id. Cael. 12, 30: rerum gestarum, id. Sull. 9, 26: aetatis, Nep. Att. 7, 1.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. (Sc. militiae.) Exemption from military service: P. Vatiniuset agro a senatu et vacatione donatus est, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6: delectum habere sublatis vacationibus, id. Phil. 5, 12, 31: senatus decrevit, utdilectus haberetur, vacationes ne valerent, id. Att. 1, 19, 2: scribere exercitum sine ullā vacationis veniā, Liv. 8, 20, 3; 7, 28, 3; 27, 38, 3: locupletissimus quisque miles labore fatigari, donec vacationem emeret, Tac. H. 1, 46.
      2. 2. (Sc. culpae.) Neque ei suam vacationem eripio, quā ille apud omnis utitur, ut nihil malitiose fecisse videntur, freedom from blame, Cic. Verr. 2, 7, 68, § 164 B. and K. (dub.; al. purgationem; al. culpae vacationem).
  2. II. Transf., a sum paid for exemption from military service: vacationes annuas exsolvere, Tac. H. 1, 46: vacationes centurionibus ex fisco numerat, id. ib. 1, 58.

1. vacca, ae, f. [Sanscr. vacā, cow; root vaç, to bellow; cf. vagire], a cow, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 6; Col. 6, 21, 1; Cic. N. D. 1, 27 77; Verg. E. 9, 31; id. G. 2, 524; 3, 177; id. A. 4, 61; Ov. M. 2, 694; Hor. C. 4, 2, 53: boves operariae, used in ploughing, Col. 6, 24. 4; Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 4.

2. Vacca, ae, f.

  1. I. A town of Byzacene in Africa, Auct. B. Afr. 74.
  2. II. A town of Numidia, called also Vaga, now Beja, Sall. J. 29, 4; 47, 1; 68, 3; Sil. 3, 259.
    Hence, Vaccensis or Vagensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Vacca: Vagense oppidum, i. e. Vaga, Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 30.
    Vaccenses (Vagen-), ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Vacca, Sall. J. 66, 2.

3. Vacca, v. Vagia.

Vaccaei, ōrum, m., a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, on the river Durius, Liv. 21, 5; 35, 7; Cic. Planc. 34, 84; Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 19.

vaccīnĭum, ii, n., the blueberry, whortleberry: Vaccinium myrtillus, Linn.; Plin. 16, 18, 31, § 77; Verg. E. 2, 18; 2, 50; 10, 39; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 5; Vitr. 7, 14, 2.

vaccīnus, a, um, adj. [vacca], of or from cows: caro, Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 185: lac, id. 25, 8, 53, § 94: caseus, id. 28, 14, 58, § 204.

vaccŭla, ae, f. dim. [vacca], a little cow or heifer, Cat. 20, 14; Val. Cat. Dir. 132.

Vaccus, i, m.; Vitruvius Vaccus, a general of Fundi, taken captive by L. Papirius. The vacant site of his house at Rome was called Vacci prata, Liv. 8, 19 sq.; Cic. Dom. 38, 101.

văcēfīo, fĭĕri, v. pass. [vacuus-facio], to become or be made empty (only in the two foll. passages): multusque vacefit In medio locus, Lucr. 6, 1005; 6, 1017.

văcerra, ae, f., a log, stock, post.

  1. I. Lit., Col. 9, 1, 3; 9, 1, 9; 6, 19, 2.
  2. II. Transf., like stipes, and our stock, block, as a term of abuse applied to a stupid person: vecorde et malefica vacerra, Liy. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Com. Fragm. v. 7 Rib.).

* văcerrōsus, a, um, adj. [vacerra, II.], freq. used by the emperor Augustus for cerritus, mad, crazed, crack-brained, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87.

Văchălis, is, v. Vahalis.

văcillātĭo, ōnis, f. [vacillo], a rocking to and fro, see-saw, a wavering, reeling motion: indecora in dextrum ac laevum latus, Quint. 11, 3, 128: foeda, Suet. Claud. 21 fin.

văcillo (a scanned long, Lucr. 3, 502), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [cf. Sanscr. vak-, to roll; vank-, to shake], to sway to and fro; to waddle, stagger, reel, totter, waver, vacillate (class.; a favorite word with Cic.; cf.: nuto, titubo).

  1. I. Lit., of drunken persons: quosdam ex vino vacillantes, quosdam hesternā potatione oscitantes, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 66: videre quosdam ex vino vacillantis, Quint. 11, 3, 165: praepediuntur crure vacillanti, Lucr. 3, 479; cf. Ruhnk. ad Rutil. Lup. 2, 7, p. 164 Frotsch.: in utramque partem toto corpore vacillans, Cic. Brut. 60, 216: arbor ventis pulsa vacillans aestuat, Lucr. 5, 1096; so, ambusta, id. 1, 806: vacillant omnia tecta, id. 6, 575: sub pedibus tellus cum tota vacillat, id. 5, 1236: accepi tuam epistulam vacillantibus litterulis, Cic. Fam. 16, 15, 2.
  2. II. Trop., to waver, hesitate, stagger, be untrustworthy, to vacillate: tota res vacillat et claudicat, Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107: Erotem ad ista expedienda factum mihi videbar reliquisse, cujus non sine magnā culpā vacillarunt, have fallen into confusion, id. Att. 14, 18, 2: justitia vacillat vel jacet potius, id. Off. 3, 33, 118: stabilitas amicitiae vacillat, id. Fin. 1, 20, 66: legio vacillans, wavering in fidelity, id. Phil. 3, 12, 31: γεροντικώτερον est memoriola vacillare, id. Att. 12, 1, 2: partim sumptibus in vetere aere alieno vacillant, are staggering beneath a load of old debts, id. Cat. 2, 10, 21: aegrotat fama vacillans, Lucr. 4, 1124: gentes vacillantes, Vell. 2, 130, 3: cum animus paulum vacillavit, Sen. Ep. 114, 22: testes, qui adversus fidem testationis suae vacillant, audiendi non sunt, Dig. 22, 5, 2: cujus (testis) ita anceps fides vacillat, ib. 48, 10, 27.

văcīvē, adv., v. vacivus fin.

* văcīvĭtas, ātis, f. [vacivus], emptiness, lack, want: cibi, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 40.

văcīvus or vŏcīvus (so always in Plautus; cf. Trin. prol. 11 Brix; Ritschl, Nov. Exc. I. p. 59 sq.), a, um, adj. [vaco], empty, void (ante-class.); absol.: aedes facere alicui, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 6: aedes aurium, id. Ps. 1, 5, 54; for which, aures, id. Cas. prol. 29; id. Trin. prol. 11.
With gen.: valens afflictet me vocivum virium, i. e. destitute of strength, powerless, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 46: tempus laboris, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38.
Adv.: văcīvē, at leisure, leisurely: libellum perlegere, Phaedr. 5, praef. 14.

văco, āvi, ātum, 1 (perf. vacui, Tert. Pall. 4; id. Pud. 8 fin.; id. adv. Val. 9), v. n. [etym. dub.], to be empty, void, or vacant; to be void of, or without; not to contain (class.; cf.: careo, egeo).

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Lit., of space, etc.
      1. 1. Absol.: quācumque vacat spatium, quod inane vocamus, Lucr. 1, 507; so, spatium, id. 2, 1053; 6, 1029: inane, id. 1, 520: villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix tricliniumvacaret, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1: tota domus superior vacat, id. ib. 13, 12, 10: aedes, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 7: maximam putant esse laudem, quam latissime a suis finibus vacare agros, to be uninhabited, uncultivated, Caes. B. G. 4, 3: locus, id. ib. 1, 28; Quint. 8, 6, 18; 9, 4, 118; 10, 3, 33: ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles, Ov. M. 2, 256: odi cum late splendida cera vacat, id. Am. 1, 11, 20: haec fiunt dum vacat harena, Sen. Ep. 7, 4.
      2. 2. With abl. (so most freq.): illa natura caelestis et terra vacat et umore, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; cf. id. N. D. 2, 24, 64: mens vacans corpore, id. ib. 1, 10, 25: hoste vacare domos, Verg. A. 3, 123: (domus) quae Igne vacet, Ov. M. 2, 764: custode vacans, id. ib. 2, 422: ora vacent epulis, i. e. abstain from, id. ib. 15, 478: ea pars oppidi, quae fluminis circuitu vacabat, Auct. B. G. 8, 41.
      3. 3. With ab: haec a custodiis classium loca maxime vacabant, Caes. B. C. 3, 25.
    2. B. Transf., to be vacant. free from, without, unoccupied, etc.
      1. 1. With abl.: ejusmodi (nimiis animi) motibus sermo debet vacare, Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136: nulla vitae pars vacare officio potest, id. ib. 1, 2, 4: omni curatione et administratione rerum (dii), id. N. D. 1, 1, 2: studiis, id. de Or. 3, 11, 43: curā et negotio, id. Leg. 1, 3, 8: vitio, id. ib. 3, 3, 10: culpā, id. Fam. 7, 3, 4: criminibus, Quint. 10, 1, 34: febri, Cels. 2, 14 med.: morbis, Dig. 21, 1, 53: amplitudo animi pulchrior, si vacet populo, keeps free from, remains aloof from, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64: respublica et milite illic et pecuniā vacet, be free from the necessity of furnishing, Liv. 2, 48, 9.
      2. 2. With ab and abl.: nullum tempus illi umquam vacabat aut a forensi dictione aut a scribendo, Cic. Brut. 78, 272: (rex) quicquid a bellis populi Romani vacabat, cum hominibus nostris consuetudines jungebat, id. Deiot. 9, 27: a publico officio et munere, id. Div. 2, 2, 7: ab opere (milites), Caes. B. C. 3, 76: ne quando a metu ac periculis vacarent, Liv. 7, 1: vacant ab imbecillis valetudinaria, Col. 12, 3, 8: a culpā, Sen. Ep. 97, 1: a periculo, id. Q. N. 6, 1, 1: a negotiis, Phaedr. 3 prol.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. To be free from labor, not busied, idle, at leisure; to have leisure or time: quamvis occupatus sis, otii tamen plus habes: aut, si ne tu quidem vacas, noli, etc., Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; Quint. 10, 3, 27: festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus, Hor. C. 3, 18, 11: si vacabis, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 2: si forte vacas, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 95.
      1. 2. After the Aug. per. esp. freq.
        1. a. Vacare alicui rei, to be free to attend, apply, or devote one’s self to something; to have leisure or time for a thing (cf. studeo): philosophiae, Quinte, semper vaco, Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10: in itinere, quasi solutus ceteris curis, huic uni vacaret, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 15: huic uni negotio vacare, Vell. 2, 114, 1: ille non vacasse sermoni suo regem causatus discessit, Curt. 6, 7, 21: paulum etiam palaestricis, Quint. 1, 11, 15: studio operis pulcherrimi, id. 12, 1, 4: foro, id. 10, 1, 114: clientium negotiis, Tac. A. 16, 22: non discendo tantum juri, sed etiam docendo, Quint. 12, 1, 10: libellis legendis ac rescribendis, Suet. Aug. 45: queruntur de superiorum fastidio, quod ipsis adire volentibus non vacaverint, have no leisure for them, can not attend to them, Sen. Brev. Vit. 2, 5.
          Rarely absol.: dum perago tecum pauca sed apta, vaca, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 2.
        2. b. Vacare ad aliquid: non vaco ad istas ineptias, Sen. Ep. 49, 9; cf. (poet.): in grande opus, Ov. P. 3, 3, 36; also, with inf.: sternere acies, Stat. Th. 8, 185.
        3. c. Vacat (alicui), impers., there is time, room, or leisure for a thing (poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
          1. (α) With inf. (so most freq.): si primā repetens ab origine pergam Et vacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, Verg. A. 1, 373: tunc et elegiam vacabit in manus sumere, Quint. 10, 1, 58: non vacabit incohare haec studia, id. 1, 12, 12: hactenus indulsisse vacat, it is permitted, i. q. licet, Verg. A. 10, 625 Heyne; imitated by Sil. 17, 374.
          2. (β) With dat., I (thou, he, etc.) have leisure or time for a thing: nobis venari nec vacat nec libet, Plin. Ep. 9, 16, 1: non vacat exiguis rebus adesse Jovi, Ov. Tr. 2, 216: nec nostris praebere vacet tibi cantibus aures, id. M. 5, 334: obstat enim diligentiae scribendi etiam fatigatio et abunde, si vacet, lucis spatia sufficiunt, Quint. 10, 3, 27: cui esse diserto vacet, id. 11, 1, 50: quo magis te, cui vacat, hortor, etc., Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 11; 8, 15, 1; Curt. 10, 10, 12; Vell. 1, 15, 1; 2, 124, 1.
            Absol.: teneri properentur amores, Dum vacat, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 70: si vacat, Juv. 1, 21.
    2. B. Of possessions, lands, etc., to be unoccupied, vacant, ownerless: cum agri Ligustinialiquantum vacaret, senatūs consultum est factum, ut is ager viritim divideretur, Liv. 42, 4, 3: fundi possessionem nancisci, quae ex neglegentiā domini vacat, Dig. 41, 3, 37: si nemo sit, bona vacabunt, ib. 38, 7, 2 fin.
      1. 2. Esp., of offices, relations, positions, employments, etc., to be vacant, without incumbent, etc.: si Piso adesset, nullius philosophiae vacaret locus, Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 16: quid enim nostrā victum esse Antonium, si victus est, ut alii vacaret, quod ille obtinuit? may stand open, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6: rogo ut Suram praeturā exornare digneris, cuia locus vacet, Plin. Ep. 10, 12 (7), 1: rogo dignitativel auguratum vel septemviratum, quia vacant, adicere digneris, id. ib. 10, 13 (8).
        Hence, văcans, antis, P. a.
    1. A. Empty, unoccupied, without an owner, vacant: locus, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 16, 8: metaphoravacantem locum occupare debet, Quint. 8, 6, 18: regnum, Just. 42, 4, 2; 25, 2, 4; 27, 3, 1: saltus, Verg. G. 3, 477: balneae, Tac. H. 3, 11: bona, Dig. 30, 1, 93; 30, 1, 111.
      Subst.: văcantia, ĭum, n., vacant estates, property without an owner: ut, si a privilegiis parentum cessaretur, velut parens omnium populus vacantia teneret, Tac. A. 3, 28.
    2. B. Of women, single, unmarried, without a husband: qui vacantem mulierem rapuit vel nuptam, Dig. 48, 6, 5; Quint. Decl. 262 (cf. vacua, Ov. H. 20, 149).
    3. C. Of persons, at leisure, unoccupied, idle: nec petiit animum vacantem, Ov. M. 9, 612.
      Subst.: văcantĭa, ĭum, n., that which is superfluous, useless (post-class.): vacantia ex quāque re ac non necessariā auferre et excidere, Gell. 6, 5, 6.
      Hence, adv.: vă-canter, superfluously, Gell. 17, 10, 16.

văcŭē, adv., v. vacuus fin.

văcŭē -făcĭo, fēci, factum, 3, v. a. [vacuus], to make empty; to empty, clear, free.

  1. I. Lit. (rare but class.): quid quod adventu tuo ista subsellia vacuefacta sunt, Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 16: domum novis nuptiis, id. ib. 1, 6, 14: Scyrum vacuefecit, Nep. Cim. 2, 5; id. Timol. 3, 2: fasces securibus, Val. Max. 4, 1, 1: turpi sentinā exercitus vacuefactus, id. 2, 7, 1: venas inedia, Macr. S. 7, 12: locum alicui in cenā, to clear a place, make room, id. ib. 1, 2.
  2. II. Trop.: circumcisiones, i. e. to abolish, Lact. 4, 17, 1.

văcŭĭtas, ātis, f. [vacuus].

  1. I. Lit., concr., empty space, a vacancy, vacuity: interveniorum vacuitates, Vitr. 2, 7.
  2. II. Transf., a being without, a freedom, absence, exemption from any thing (class.; cf. vacatio).
      1. 1. With gen.: liberatio et vacuitas omnis molestiae, Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37: doloris, id. ib. 2, 5, 16; 2, 6, 18; 2, 11, 35; 2, 12, 37: aegritudinis, id. Tusc. 5, 14, 42.
      2. 2. With ab and abl.: vacuitas ab angoribus, Cic. Off. 1, 21, 73.
    1. B. Esp., a vacancy in an office: consulum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 2.

Văcūna, ae, f. [vacuus, II. A.], the goddess of rural leisure, esp. honored by the Sabines, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 49 Acr.; Ov. F. 6, 307; Plin. 3, 12, 17, § 109; Aus. Ep. 4, 98.
Hence, Văcūnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Vacuna: foci, Ov. F. 6, 308.

văcŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vacuus], to make empty or void; to empty, clear, free (mostly post-Aug.): locus inanitus ac vacuatus, Lucr. 6, 1023: sulcum, Col. 3, 13, 10: dolia a mercatoribus vacuata, id. 12, 50, 14: Elysium nemus, Mart. 11, 5, 6: saecula putr: penso, Stat. Th. 3, 642: sanguine vacuatus, Aur. Vict. Epit. 43.

văcŭus, a, um, adj. [vaco], empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.)

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Lit., in material sense.
          1. (α) Absol.: spatium vacuum, Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509: vacua castra, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna, Verg. A. 6, 269: atria, id. ib. 7, 379; 2, 528: porticus, id. ib. 2, 761: videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri, id. G. 3, 109: Acerrae, unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225: Cumae, Juv. 3, 2: Ulubrae, id. 10, 102: agri, Verg. G. 2, 54: aurae, id. A. 12, 592: caelum, id. ib. 5, 515: oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere, Liv. 39, 14, 2: aër, Hor. C. 1, 3, 34: theatrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 130: aula, id. C. 4, 14, 36: tabellae, Quint. 10, 3, 32: numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos, Liv. 44, 26, 3: lectus, Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471: per vacuum locum inruperunt, Liv. 25, 3, 18: manus, Quint. 11, 2, 42: ossa vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84: vultus, without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.
          2. (β) With abl.: nihil igni vacuum videri potest, Cic. Univ. 4: gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus, id. Marcell. 6, 17: moenia defensoribus, Liv. 42, 63, 6: viae occursu hominum, id. 5, 41, 5: cultoribus agri, Ov. M. 7, 653: ense ebur, id. ib. 4, 148: arvum arboribus, Col. 3, 11, 3: loca fetu in vite, id. 3, 10, 5: pectus velamine, Stat. Th. 1, 593.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: Messana ab his rebus … vacua ac nuda est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3: oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus, without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12: pars Galliae ab exercitu, Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: vacuum ab hostibus mare, Liv. 37, 13, 6.
          4. (δ) With gen. (rare; mostly poet.): ager aridus et frugum vacuus, Sall. J. 90, 1: Romana urbs annonae, Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.
        1. b. Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity: vacuum minus intus habere, Lucr. 1, 367: in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami, Verg. G. 2, 287: ne per vacuum incurreret hostis, Hor. S. 2, 1, 37: libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.
    2. B. Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without.
          1. (α) With abl.: animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus, Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27: molestiis, id. Fam. 4, 4, 2: cupiditate et timore, id. Fin. 2, 10, 30: consilium periculo, id. Att. 10, 16, 2: cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus, id. Fin. 2, 14, 46: vacui negotiis vivere possimus, id. ib. 4, 5, 12: his rebus mens vacua, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9: vacuus duellis Janus, Hor. C. 4, 15, 8: crimine nox vacua est, Ov. F. 4, 581: ille metu vacuus, id. M. 3, 582: nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio, Plin. Pan. 56, 2: aemulatione, Tac. A. 12, 2: curā domesticā vacuus, id. H. 1, 88: tali culpā, id. A. 6, 16: tributo, id. ib. 12, 61: vacuam laboribus egi vitam, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.
          2. (β) With ab and abl.: Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23: a securibus et tributis, Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61: hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34: nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis, id. Brut. 90, 309: animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer, id. Inv. 2, 7, 24: cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses, id. Fam. 11, 16, 1: domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura, id. Har. Resp. 6, 11: ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā, Sall. C. 51, 1: a culpa, id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun; curā, Liv. 24, 18, 1.
          3. (γ) With gen.: vacuas caedis habete manus, Ov. A. A. 1, 642: operum vacuus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 119: vacuas habuissem criminis umbras, Ov. M. 6, 541: composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas, Tac. A. 15, 8.
          4. (δ) With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made: Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur, Liv. 1, 46, 9: necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sall. C. 15, 2: quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis), Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.
            Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure: aliquid invenire vacui, Quint. 10, 6, 1.
  2. II. In partic. (cf. vaco, II.).
    1. A. Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle: quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13: si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimushunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum, id. Brut. 5, 20: animus vacuus ac solutus, id. Verr. 1, 9, 26: aures vacuae atque eruditae, Quint. 10, 1, 32: aures, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56: pedibus vacuis terere Porticum, id. A. A. 1, 491: si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus, Hor. C. 1, 32, 1: cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes, Verg. G. 3, 3: ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas, Ter. And. 4, 2, 23: ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3: cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit, Liv. 3, 40, 10.
      Sup.: nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras, Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.
      Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.: Tibur, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45: Athenae, id. ib. 2, 2, 81: tonsoris in umbrā, id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.: otiosa Neapolis, id. Epod. 5, 43).
      Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed: Rutilius animo vacuus, i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6: haud animi vacuus, quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644: cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur, Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.
      Of female animals, not bearing young: equa, Col. 6, 37, 10.
      Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.
    2. B. Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure: etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56: cum vacui temporis nihil haberem, id. Att. 2, 23, 1: vacuam noctem operi dedere, Liv. 3, 28, 7: tempora, Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.
    3. C. Of women, free, unmarried, single: ubi mulier vacua fuit, Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo-Quint. Decl. 376: Hersilia, i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831.
    4. D. Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master: vacuam possessionem regni sperans, Caes. B. C. 3, 112: prudentiae doctrinaeque possessioquasi caduca atque vacua, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122: centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26: vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali, Liv. 23, 2, 7: ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam, Sall. C. 52, 23: sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios, Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.: Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi, id. Agr. 40: vacua Armenia, without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50: bona, Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12: possessio, ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.
      Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.: si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias, into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50: ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit, Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.
    5. E. Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare; not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt, Tac. H. 1, 30: rem, Petr. 102: vacua et inanis productio verbi, Gell. 11, 15, 6: tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15: pecunia, unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.

1. Vada, ae, f., a stronghold in Gallia Belgica, in the country of the Batavi, Tac. H. 5, 20 sq.

2. Văda, ōrum, n., a city in Liguria, now Savona, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 3; called Vada Sabatia, Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48.

3. Văda Volaterrana, ōrum, n., a port in Etruria south of Pisa, now Torre di Vado, Cic. Quint. 6, 24; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.

Vădĭmōnis lăcus, a small lake in Etruria near Ameria, now Laghetto di Bassano, Plin. 2, 95, 96, § 209; Liv. 9, 39, 5; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 3; Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 8; in the order lacus Vadimonis, Flor. 1, 13, 11; cf. Dennis, Etruria, 1, p. 107 sq.

vădĭmōnĭum, ii, n. [1. vas]; jurid. t. t., a promise secured by bail for appearance on a particular day before a tribunal, bail, security, recognizance.

  1. I. Lit.: cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est, ut promittat, se certo die sisti, Gai Inst. 4, 184; cf. as to the sev. eral kinds of vadimonia, id. ib. 4, 185 sqq.: ubi tu’s, qui me convadatu’s Veneriis vadimoniis? to appear before Venus, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5: se jam neque vadari amplius neque vadimonium promittere, Cic. Quint. 6, 23: hominem in praesentia non vadatur; ita sine vadimonio disceditur, id. ib. 6, 23: ne quis extra suum forum vadimonium promittere cogatur, etc., id. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38; id. Quint. 20, 63; so, promittere (alicui Romam Lilybaeum, etc.), id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141; id. Tull. 8, 20: constituere, to fix by agreement, id. Sen. 7, 21: concipere, to draw up a form of recognizance, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 3; cf.: aptius hae capiant vadimonia garrula cerae, Ov. Am. 1, 12, 23: res esse in vadimonium coepit, comes to giving bail, i. e. is to be tried by due course of law, Cic. Quint. 5, 22: vadimonium est mihi cum aliquo, am under recognizance, am bound to appear, id. ib. 18, 56: sistere, to keep one’s recognizance, make one’s appearance, present one’s self in court, Cato ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1; Cic. Quint. 8, 29; Nep. Att. 9, 4; v. sisto, I. C. 2.: ad vadimonium venire, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; 5, 22: non venire, id. ib. 15, 48; 16, 52 sq.: quā (horā) tibi vadimonium non sit obitum, id. ib. 16, 53; so, obire, id. ib. 17, 54; Plin. Ep. 8, 12, 3: descendere ad vadimonium, Sen. Ep. 8, 5: occurrere ad vadimonium, Suet. Calig. 39: ad vadimonium currere, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57: facere, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 19; Cic. Quint. 18, 57; Val. Max. 3, 7, 1; Liv. 23, 32, 1; Juv. 3, 298: differre, to put off the day of appearance, Cic. Att. 2, 7, 2; id. Fam. 2, 8, 1: ceteris quae habebat vadimonia differt, id. Quint. 6, 23 fin.: imponere alicui, to exact, Nep. Timol. 5, 2: deserere, to forfeit one’s recognizance, fail to appear, Cic. Quint. 23, 75; id. Cat. 2, 2, 5; Plin. prooem. § 23: missum facere, to release one’s bail, Cic. Quint. 14, 46; cf. on the vadimonium, Dict. of Antiq. s. v.
  2. II. Transf., an appointment, a fixed time: ex eventu significationum intellegi sidera debebunt, non ad dies utique praefinitos exspectari tempestatum vadimonia, Plin. 18, 26, 62, § 231: tibi amatorem vadimonio sistam, App. M. 9, p. 227, 17; 10, p. 240, 10 al.

1. vādo (vāsi, Tert. Pall. 3), 3, v. n. [cf. Sanscr. root gā-, go; Gr. ΒΑ, αίνω], to go, walk; esp. to go hastily or rapidly, to rush (syn. incedo).

  1. I. Lit. (rare but class.): vadunt solidā vi, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 277 Vahl.): ingenti cursu, id. ap. Fest. p. 363 Müll. (Ann. v. 470 Vahl.): cum feras bestias videamus alacres et erectas vadere, ut alteri bestiae noceant, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: vadit fremit refringit virgulta pede vago, Cat. 63, 86: vadimus inmixti Danais, Verg. A. 2 396: ad eum (Pompeium) postridie mane vadebam, Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2: ad amnem, Ov. M. 11, 137: inde in primum aditum pontis, Liv 2, 10, 5: in hostem, to stride on, advance, id. 7, 24, 6: haud dubi am in mortem, Verg. A. 2, 359: per hostes, Tac. H. 3, 41: cras mane vadit, Cic. Att. 14, 11, 2: vadite, et haec memores regi mandata referte, Verg. A. 11, 176; 4, 223; Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 19.
    1. B. Of inanimate things: Euphrates in Mesopotamiam vadit per ipsam Seleuciam, Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 90: circulus per medios Parthos, id. 6, 34, 39, § 213.
  2. II. Trop.: ardua per praeceps gloria vadit iter, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74: vadit animus in praeceps sciens, etc., Sen. Hippol. 180: eruditi et rude vulgus in eam (sententiam) cursu vadit, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 23; App. M. 2, p. 117, 27.

2. vădo, āre, v. a. [vadum], to wade through, ford: flumina, quae sine pontibus vadari nequeunt, Veg. Mil. 2, 25: quia neque navium copia pro tempore erat, neque vadari fluvius poterat, Sulp. Sev. Chron. 1, 22, 3.

vădor, ātus (inf. vadarier, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 40), 1, v. dep. a. [1. vas]; jurid. t. t., to bind over by bail to appear in court: Sa. Vadatur hic me. Poe. Utinam vades desint, in carcere ut sis, Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 18: postulat, ut sibi liceret milvom vadarier, id. Aul. 2, 4, 40: neque vadari amplius neque vadimonium promitterehominem vadari, Cic. Quint. 6, 23; cf. id. ib. 19, 61: (Apronius) cum ex Leontino usque ad Lilybaeum aliquem vadaretur, id. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38: tot vadibus accusator vadatus est reum, Liv. 3, 13, 8: jamque vadaturus, lecticā prodeat, inquit, Ov. R. Am. 665: casu tunc respondere vadato Debebat (= ei, qui eum vadatus erat, vadimonio obligaverat), Hor. S. 1, 9, 36.
Note: vădātus, a, um, in pass. signif. (prop. bound over to appear in court; hence, transf., in gen.), bound, pledged, engaged to do any thing (ante- and postclass.): vadatus = obstrictus vel sub fidejussione ambulans; sicut Fenestella ait: apud quem vadatus amicitiae nodulo tenebatur, Fulg. Expos. Serm. Ant. p. 567: ita me vadatum amore vinctumque attines, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 3: trico, Lucil. ap. Non. 8, 24: memineris mihi reliqua vitae tuae curricula vadata, devoted, App. M. 11, p. 259, 40; Pac. Pan. Theod. 17.

vădōsus, a, um, adj. [vadum], full of shallows or fords, shallow, shoal: mare, Caes. B. C. 1, 25: amnis, Verg. A. 7, 728: Syrtes, Sall. J. 78, 2: ostium portūs, Liv. 37, 14, 7: fretum, id. 33, 17, 6: litora, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1: navigatio, Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 99.
Poet.: aquae, i. e. restless, Luc. 8, 698.
Sup.: Ganges ubi vadosissimus est, Sol. 52.

vădum, i, n. (masc. collat form, vă-dus, i, Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 111; Sall. H. 1, 68 Dietsch) [cf. the root BA, βαίνω, whence, also, vado; hence, that through which one can go], a shallow place in water, a shallow, shoal, ford.

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. Sing.: Rhodanus nonnullis locis vado transitur, Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 5, 58; 7, 55: vadum in flumine efficere, id. B. C. 1, 61: vadum fluminis temptare, si transire possent, id. ib. 1, 83: exercitum vado transducere, id. ib. 3, 37: vado flumen penetrare, Tac. A. 2, 68: vado superari amnis non poterat, Liv. 38, 13, 9; 38, 18, 7: piscis qui vivit in vado, Cels. 2, 18: amnis incerto vado, Tac. A. 12, 33.
      2. 2. Piur., so esp. of a shallow place where a river is crossed, a ford: ibi vadis repertis partem suarum copiarum transducere conati sunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 9; 1, 8; 3, 13; Liv. 26, 45, 8; 31, 1, 5; Tac. A. 2, 23; id. H. 4, 27; Lucr. 1, 200; Ov. M. 1, 370; 3, 19.
        Also of shallows, as dangerous in navigation: mystica ad dextram vada Praetervecti, Att. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 19 Müll. (Trag. Rel. v. 687 Rib.): brevia, Verg. A. 5, 221: caeca, id. ib. 1, 536: dura saxis Lilybeia caecis, id. ib. 3, 706; cf.: Nessus, scitus vadorum, Ov. M. 9, 108.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. A body of water, a sea, stream, etc. (poet.): longā sulcant vada salsa carinā, Verg. A. 5, 158; 7, 198; Cat. 64, 58: si tamen Non tangenda rates transiliunt vada, Hor. C. 1, 3, 24; Ov. P. 4, 9, 2; Sen. Hippol. 181 al.
      2. 2. The bottom of a body of water, the depths (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): saxa Vadis levata, Hor. Epod. 16, 26; Plin. 3, praef. § 4: ostrea capta solido vado, id. 32, 6, 21, § 59: sedit limoso pressa carina vado, Ov. F. 4, 300.
      3. 3. The bottom of a well, Phaedr. 4, 9, 12; Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Of shallow water, as a place of safety to the swimmer: haec propemodum jam esse in vado salutis res videtur, i. e. in safety, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 73: at in vado’st: jam facile enabit, id. Rud. 1, 2, 81: omnis res est jam in vado, Ter. And. 5, 2, 4.
    2. B. Of shallows, as dangerous to the mariner: emersisse jam e vadis et scopulos praetervecta videtur oratio mea, Cic. Cael. 21, 51: cera vadum tentet, rasis infusa tabellis, explore the way, i. e. make a first attempt, Ov. A. A. 1, 437.

vădus, i, v. vadum init.

vae, interj. [οὐαί], an exclamation of pain or dread, ah! alas!

        1. (α) Absol.: Mantua, vae, miserae nimium vicina Cremonae, Verg. E. 9, 28; Hor. C. 1, 13, 3: vae verbero! Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 51.
        2. (β) Very freq. like the Gr. οὐαί and our woe! with dat.: vae misero mihi! Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 94; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9: mihi, id. Eun. 4, 4, 42: illi, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 7: tergo meo, id. Men. 2, 2, 3; cf. id. Capt. 3, 4, 117: capiti atque aetati tuae, id. Rud. 2, 3, 44.
          Esp., in the exclamation ascribed to Brennus: vae victis! intoleranda Romanis vox, Liv. 5, 48, 9; Flor. 1, 13, 17; Fest. p. 372 Müll.; Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 19; also, as title of a Satire by Varro, v. Non. 82, 17; 156, 13; 492, 8 (Müll. de victis).
        3. (γ) Very rarely with acc.: vae te! woe to you! Plaut. As. 2, 4, 75: scelesta, vae te! Cat. 8, 15: vae me! Sen. Apocol. 4, 3.

vaecors, v. vecors.

vaenĕo, īre, and vaenum, i, v. veneo and venum.

văfellus, a, um, adj. dim., from vafer, acc. to Fest. s. v. altellus, p. 7 Müll.

văfer, fra, frum, adj., sly, cunning, crafty, artful, subtle (class.; syn.: callidus, versutus): (hominis) non aperti, non simplicis, non ingenui, non justi, non viri boni, versuti potius, obscuri, astuti, fallacis, malitiosi, callidi, veteratoris, vafri, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 57: in disputando vafri, id. Rep. 3, 16, 26 (cited ap. Non. 19, 33); Afran. ap. Non. 20, 3; Hor. S. 1, 3, 130; 2, 5, 24; id. C. 3, 7, 12; Ov. H. 20, 30: lingua, Pompon. ap. Non. 19, 32: jus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 131: Flaccus, Pers. 1, 116; 1, 132: ars, Mart. 12, 61, 3: mores Hannibalis, Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 8: vafra et fallaciosa argumenta, Gell. 7, 3, 34.
Comp., Hier. Ep. 38, 5.
Sup.: Stoicorum somniorum vaferrimus interpres, Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: interrogationes, Sen. Ep. 48, 5.
Adv.: vā̆frē, slyly, cunningly, artfully: nihil sane vafre nec malitiose facere conatus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132: tam vafre Telluri impressum osculum, Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 2.

vā̆frāmentum, i, n. [vafer], a crafly device, a trick, quirk, artifice (post-class.), Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 7; soid. 7, 3, ext. 2; 7, 3, ext. 4.

vā̆frē, adv., v. vafer fin.

* vā̆frĭtĭa, ae, f. [vafer], craftiness, cunning, artfulness: vafritiam meam experiri, Sen. Ep. 49, 7; Val. Max. 7, 3 prooem.

Văgă and Vagenses, v. 2. Vacca.

văgābundus, a, um, adj. [vagor], strolling about, vagabond (ante- and postclass.), Fenest. ap. Fulg. 3, 9: per annos ferme novem, quibus eos vagabundus audivi, Aug. Conf. 5, 6; 13, 5: flamma, Sol. 5, 24; Dracont. Hexaëm. 1, 257.

văgātĭo, ōnis, f. [vagor], a strolling about, wandering, roaming: incerta, App. de Deo Socr. p. 50, 15.
Transf.: quam in certas facies inter vitam ac mortem coloris est vagatio, Sen. Q. N. 3, 18, 1 Haase.

văgātus, us, m. [vagor], = vagatio (late Lat.), Jul. ap. Aug. c. Sec. Resp. Jul. 4, 38.

văgē, adv., v. vagus fin.

Vagĭa (Vacĕa), ae, m., a river of Lusitania, now the Vonga or Conga, Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.

Vagienni (-genni), ōrum, m., an Alpine people of Liguria, whose chief town was Augusta Vagiennorum, Plin. 3, 5, 7, §§ 47 and 49; 3, 16, 20, § 117; 3, 20, 24, § 135; called Bagenni, Sil. 8, 607.

vāgīna, ae, f. [cf. vas], a scabbard, sheath.

  1. I. Lit., of a sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14; id. Marcell. 7, 57; Caes. B. G. 5, 44; Verg. A. 4, 579; 6, 260; 10, 475; Hor. S. 2, 1, 41; Ov. M. 10, 475; Val. Max. 8, 9, 2: (delphinus) pinnae aculeos velut vagina condens, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 25; cf. id. 8, 15, 17, § 41; 7, 52, 53, § 174; 11, 37, 77, § 198.
    Trop.: senatus consultum inclusum in tabulis tamquam in vaginā reconditum habere, Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4: ut gladiusita vox in vaginā silentii condita hebetatur, App. Flor. 3, p. 357, 32.
  2. II. Transf., the covering, sheath, holder of any thing.
      1. 1. In gen.: omnia principalia viscera membranis propriis ac velut vaginis inclusit natura, Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 198; cf.: cremato eo (corpore), inimiciremeanti animae veluti vaginam ademerint, id. 7, 52, 53, § 174.
      2. 2. The sheath of an ear of grain, etc., the hull, husk, Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 1 sq.; Cic. Sen. 15, 51.
        Cf. of a frame or mould to shape a growing gourd, Plin. 19, 5, 24, § 70.
      3. 3. The female vagina, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 85.
      4. 4. The sheath of a claw, in cats, Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41.

* vāgīnŭla, ae, f. dim. [vagina, II.], a little sheath, husk of ears of grain, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 61.

vāgĭo, īvi or ĭi, 4, v. n. [root vāk-, vāg-; cf. Ved. vacati, roars; Lat. vacca, 2. vagor: idcirco vagire dicitur, exprimente verbo sonum vocis recentis, Varr. ap. Gell. 16, 17, 2]; of young children, to cry, squall.

  1. I. Lit.: audivisse vocem pueri visu’st vagientis, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 2: repuerascere et in cunis vagire, Cic. Sen. 23, 83: videtispopulum non ut in cunabulis vagientem, sed adultum, id. Rep. 2, 11, 21; Ov. F. 2, 405; 4, 208; 6, 146; Stat. S. 4, 8, 35 al.
    Of young goats, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll.; cf. vagitus.
    Of young hares, Auct. Carm. Philom. 60.
    Of swine, Mart. 3, 58, 37.
  2. * II. Transf., to sound: clamor ad caelum volvendu’ per aethera vagit, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll. (Ann. v. 520 Vahl.).

vāgītus, ūs, m. [vagio], a crying, squalling of young children: vagitus et ploratus, Plin. 7, praef. § 2: vagituque locum lugubri complet, Lucr. 5, 226: continuo auditae voces vagitus et ingens Infantumque animae flentes, Verg. A. 6, 426: edere vagitum, Quint. 1, 1, 21: dare, Ov. H. 11, 85: sonare vagitibus, Mart. 9, 21, 3.
Of the bleating of young goats, Ov. M. 15, 466; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll.
Of a crying for pain: nec nox ullaQuae non audierit mixtos vagitibus aegris Ploratus, Lucr. 2, 579; Cels. 7 praef. med.

văgo, āre, 1, v. n., act. collat. form of vagor (ante-class.), to wander: te adloquorquae circum vicinos vagas, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14 Brix: exsul incerta vagat, Pac. ap. Non. 467, 25 (Trag. Rel. v. 225 Rib.): vagant matronae percitatae insaniā, Att. ap. Non. ib. (Trag. Rel. v. 236 ib.); cf. Varr., Turp., and Pompon. ib.

1. văgor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. [vagus], to stroll about, go to and fro, to ramble, wander, roam, range, rove (class.; syn.: erro, palor).

  1. I. Lit.: enim metuo ut possim reicere (boves) in bubile, ne vagentur, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 18: quae (natura) efficiat volucres huc illuc passim vagantes, Cic. Div. 2, 38, 80: cum in agris homines passim bestiarum more vagabantur, id. Inv. 1, 2, 2: tota Asia vagatur, volitat ut rex, id. Phil. 11, 2, 6: volitabit et vagabitur in foro, Auct. Her. 4, 39, 51: toto foro, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184; id. Font. 15, 33 (11, 23): totā urbe, Verg. A. 4, 68: tibicines feriati vagantur per urbem, Varr. L. L. 6, § 17 Müll.: Germani latius jam vagabantur, Caes. B. G. 4, 6; 1, 2; id. B. C. 1, 59: libera vagandi facultas, Hirt. B. G. 8, 32: qui populabundi in finibus Romanorum vagabantur, Liv. 3, 5, 13; 2, 60, 2: ad quattuor milia hominum frumentatum egressa cum in agris passim vagarentur, id. 36, 39, 20; 3, 58, 11; Ov. F. 1, 545; Quint. 5, 9, 12: canes circum tecta vagantur, Verg. G. 3, 540; id. A. 5, 560: circum vicos ludibundus, Suet. Ner. 26: ultra Terminum curis vagor expeditis, Hor. C. 1, 22, 11.
    Of inanimate things: luna isdem spatiis vagatur quibus Sol, Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 103: stellae sponte suā, jussaene vagentur et errent, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 17 (cf.: stellae quae errantes et quasi vagae nominantur, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22): late vagatus est ignis, Liv. 5, 42, 2; cf. id. 44, 29, 6.
          1. * (β) Poet., with acc.: Ino etiam primā terras aetate vagata est, i. e. wandered through the earth, Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 19 (al. fugata est).
  2. II. Trop., to wander about, roam, be unsettled, waver, spread abroad, diffuse itself, etc.: speremus nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excurrunt et vagantur, id. ib. 2, 4, 7: quorum vagetur animus errore, id. Off. 2, 2, 7: ne vagari et errare cogatur oratio, id. de Or. 1, 48, 209: eo fit, ut errem et vager latius, id. Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf. id. Div. 1, 40 88: verba ita soluta, ut vagentur, id. de Or. 3, 44, 176; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: idcircone vager scribamque licenter, Hor. A. P. 265: non vagans oratio, sed defixa in unā re publicā, Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 22: video, qui de agri culturā scripseruntlatius vagatos, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 13: Viennensium vitia inter ipsos residunt, nostra late vagantur, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 7: ea fama vagatur, is spread abroad, Verg. A. 2, 17; cf. Ov. M. 12, 54: quare mors immatura vagatur, Lucr. 5, 221: vagantibus Graeciae fabulis, i. e. variously related, fluctuating, Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 31.

2. vāgor, ōris, m. [vagio], a sounding, sound: vagorem pro vagitu, Enn. (16, 32): qui clamos oppugnantis vagore volanti, Lucr. (2, 577), Fest. p. 375; cf. Non. 184, 22.

vāgŭlātĭo, ōnis, v. obvagulo.

* văgŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [vagus], wandering, roving: animula vagula, i. e. hastening away, Hadrian. ap. Spart. Hadr. 25.

văgus, a, um, adj. [root vagh-; Sanscr. vāhas; Gr. ὄχος, wagon; cf. veho], strolling about, rambling, roving, roaming, wandering, unfixed, unsettled, vagrant (freq. and class.; syn. errabundus).

  1. I. Lit.: cum vagus et exsul erraret, Cic. Clu. 62, 175: itaque vagus esse cogitabam, id. Att. 7, 11, 5: dum existimabam vagos nos fore, id. ib. 7, 26, 3: Gaetuli vagi, palantes, Sall. J. 18, 2; cf. id. ib. 19, 5: multitudo dispersa atque vaga, Cic. Rep. 1, 25, 40 (from Aug. Ep. 138, 10): quae circum vicinos vaga es, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14: navita, Tib. 1, 3, 39: mercator, Hor. A. P. 117: Hercules, id. C. 3, 3, 9: scurra, id. Ep. 1, 15, 28: tibicen, id. A. P. 215: pecus, id. C. 3, 13, 12: aves, id. ib. 4, 4, 2: cornix, id. ib. 3, 27, 16: pisces, id. S. 2, 4, 77: vagi per silvas ritu ferarum, Quint. 8, 3, 81; cf. also: saepe vagos extra limina ferte pedes, Ov. A. A. 3, 418: refringit virgulta pede vago, Cat. 63, 84: ne bestiae quidemfacile patiuntur sese contineri motusque solutos et vagos a naturā sibi tributos requirunt, unrestrained, Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56: peregrinationes, Sen. Tranq. 2, 13: errores, Ov. M. 4, 502: gressus, Mart. 2, 57, 1.
    Of inanim. things: quae (sidera) autem vaga et mutabili erratione labuntur, Cic. Univ. 10; cf.: quae (stellae) errantes et quasi vagae nominarentur, id. Rep. 1, 14, 22: Aurorā exoriente vagi sub limina Solis, Cat. 64, 271: luna, Hor. S. 1, 8, 21: aequora, Tib. 2, 6, 3: flumina, Hor. C. 1, 34, 9: Tiberis, id. ib. 1, 2, 18: venti, id. ib. 3, 29, 24: fulmina, Ov. M. 1, 596: flamma, Hor. S. 1, 5, 73: crines, Ov. M. 2, 673: harena, flying, light, Hor. C. 1, 28, 23: domus (Scytharum), id. ib. 3, 24, 10: lumina noctis, Stat. Th. 3, 63: febres, sporadic, Cels. 3, 5: fel toto corpore, diffusing itself, Plin. 11, 37, 75, § 193.
  2. II. Trop., wandering, wavering, unsteady, inconstant, doubtful, uncertain, vague: (in oratione) solutum quiddam sit nec vagum tamen, capricious, Cic. Or. 23, 77: genus orationum, id. Brut. 31, 119; cf.: pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens, indefinite, vague, id. de Or. 2, 16, 67: nomen Ambrosiae et circa alias herbas fluctuatum, Plin. 27, 4, 11, § 28: de dis immortalibus habere non errantem et vagam, sed stabilem certamque sententiam, Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 2: vaga volubilisque fortuna, id. Mil. 26, 69: vaga popularisque supplicatio, irregular, i. e. celebrated as men chanced to meet, without legal appointment, Liv. 3, 63, 5: incertum diu et quasi vagum imperium, Suet. Vesp. 1: vagus adhuc Domitius, i. e. vacillating between the parties, Vell. 2, 76, 2: puellae, inconstant in love, Prop. 1, 5, 7: vagae moderator juventae, flighty, giddy, Mart. 2, 90, 1; Stat. S. 4, 6, 2: concubitu prohibere vago, i. e. promiscuous, Hor. A. P. 398; so Col. 12, 1, 2; Mart. 6, 21, 6.
    Poet., with gen.: vagus animi, wandering in mind, Cat. 63, 4.adv.: văgē, here and there, far and wide, dispersedly: vage effusi per agros palatique, etc., Liv. 26, 39, 22: res sparsae et vage disjectae, Auct. Her. 4, 2, 3: dispergere, id. ib. 4, 31, 42: dicere, Sen. Q. N. 2, 48, 2.

vah (fuller form vaha, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 25; Afran. ap. Charis. p. 187 P.), interj., = Gr. οὐά, οὐᾶ; an exclamation of astonishment, joy, anger, etc., ah! oh! vah! solus hic homo’st, qui sciat divinitus, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 33; 2, 3, 79; id. Trin. 5, 2, 13 (ante-class. and late Lat.); id. Most. 1, 3, 99: vah! Homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86: vah consilium callidum! id. And. 3, 4, 10; cf.: cum dolentes dicimus heu! vel cum delectamur vah dicimus, Aug. Tract. in Joan. 51: vah! apage te a me, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 17; 4, 2, 39; id. Eun. 4, 5, 4: vah! perii! hoc malum integrascit, id. And. 4, 2, 5; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; Vulg. Job, 39, 25; id. Matt. 27, 40.

vaha, interj., v. vah init.

Văhălis, is, m., the Waal, the left arm of the Rhine, Tac. A. 2, 6; Eum. Pan. ap. Constant. 8; Pacat. Pan. ap. Theod, 5.
The same with the Vacalus, q. v.: ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt, Curt. 3, 4, 5; 7, 7, 7; 9, 6, 25; Plin. Pan. 46, 1; Just. 25, 4, 2.
Called also Văchălis, Sid. Carm. 12, 31; 23, 244.

Valdăsus, i, m., a river in Pannonia, Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 148.

valdē, adv., v. validus fin. B.

vălē, v. valeo, I. B. 2. b.

vălĕ-dīco, ĕre, v. n.; more freq. separately, vălĕ dĭco, v. valeo, I. B. d. ε.

1. Vălens, entis, m.,

  1. I. the father of the third Mercury, Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56.
  2. II. A Roman emperor, brother and colleague of Valentinian, Cod. Th. 11, 28, 9.
  3. III. A nobleman of Cremona, Tac. A. 2, 67; 2, 70.

2. vălens, entis, Part. and P. a. of valeo.

vălenter, adv., v. valeo, P. a. fin.

1. vălentĭa, ae, f. [valens, from valeo], bodily strength, vigor (ante- and post-class.): sapientia gubernator navem torquet, non valentia, Titin. ap. Non. 186, 25; Naev. ib.; Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 14 med.; Tert. adv. Jud. 9.

  1. B. Capacity, endowment: ultra communem hominum valentiam perspicaces, Boëth. Cons. Phil. 1.

2. Vălentĭa, ae, f., the name of several towns.

  1. I. A town of the Editani, in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Valencia, Mel. 2, 6, 6; Sall. H. 2, 18 al.
  2. II. A town of Gallia Narbonensis, now Valence, Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.
  3. III. Vibo Valentia (called also simply Vibo or Vibon), a town in the territory of the Bruttii, now Monteleone, Mel. 2, 4, 9.
    Hence. Vălentīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Valentia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 40.
  4. IV. A name given to the southern part of Scotland, in honor of the emperor Valentinian, Amm. 28, 3, 7.
  5. V. A translation of Gr. Ῥώμη, an ancient name of Rome, Sol. 1.

Vălentīnĭāni, ōrum, m., a sect of heretics in the second century, against whom Tertullian wrote a book. They were named from Valentius, Tert. adv. Val. 2; Lact. 4, 30, 10; Cod. Th. 10, 5, 65,§ 2.

* vălentŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [valens, from valeo], strong, stout: ut valentual est! Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 26.

vălĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. n. [kindr. with Sanscr. bála, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis], to be strong.

  1. I. Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health.
    1. A. In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo).
      1. 1. Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.): puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat; plus valebat, id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.: sanus homo, qui bene valet, Cels. 1, 1 init.: si magis valet, id. 3, 18: si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before), id. 4, 7 init.: prout nervi valent, id. 8, 16.
        Of plants: vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit, Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq.
      2. 2. To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc.
        1. a. Of personal subjects, etc.
          1. (α) With ad and acc.: alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107.
          2. (β) With inf.: manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret, Suet. Galb. 21: mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi, Phaedr. 4, 1, 10: valet ima summis Mutare deus, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.: illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res, Lucr. 6, 1057: versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre), Hor. A. P. 40: nec valuere manus infixum educere telum, Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin.
        2. b. Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.: fimum potum ad dysentericos valet, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.
          With contra: cimices valent contra serpentium morsus, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.
          With eodem: id quoque collyrium eodem valet, Cels. 6, 6, 21.
          With pro: ruta per se pro antidoto valet, Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.
          With abl.: dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu, Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.
          With inf.: sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere, Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177.
        3. c. Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5.
    2. B. Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty.
        1. a. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: equidem valeo recte et salvus sum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36: perpetuon’ valuisti? id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18: valen’? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius, id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9: dicit vilicus servos non valuisse, Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6: boves ut recte valeant, id. ib. 103: optime valere et gravissime aegrotare, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69: cura est, ut valeat, Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4: ego valeo recte et rem gero, id. Pers. 2, 3, 34: te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius, Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1: commode, Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14: minus valeremelius valere, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1: nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8.
          2. (β) With abl.: si corpore valuisset, Cic. Brut. 20, 77: nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5: pedibus, Nep. Phoc. 4, 1: stomacho, Juv. 6, 100.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: ab oculis, Gell. 13, 30, 10: a morbo, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecuniā perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9.
        2. b. Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.; and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.), Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.: mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est, Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1.
        3. c. Rarely impers. pass.: quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur? Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8.
        4. d. Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave).
          1. (α) In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51: bene vale, Alcumena, id. Am. 1, 3, 1: vale atque salve, id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55: bene valete et vivite, id. Mil. 4, 8, 30: ite intro cito: valete, id. As. 3, 3, 155: abeo: valete, judices justissimi, id. Capt. prol. 67: vos valete et plaudite, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64: in hoc biduom vale, id. ib. 1, 2, 110: vive valeque, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.
            Before a vowel, scanned vălĕ: et longum, Formose valē, valē, inquit Iolla, Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501.
          2. (β) At the conclusion of letters: Vale, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3: cura ut valeas, Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.: tu me diligis et valebis, Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8.
          3. (γ) Also in bidding farewell to the dead: salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale, Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.; v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale, Cat. 101, 10: terque, Vale, dixit, Ov. F. 3, 563: supremumque valedixit, id. M. 10, 62.
          4. (δ) As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone: valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46: immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illā, Ter. And. 5, 3, 18: valeas, habeas illam quae placet, id. Ad. 4, 4, 14: si talis est deus, ut nullā hominum caritate teneatur, valeat, good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124: valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13: quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9: valete curae, Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.
            (ε) With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ĕre, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu: illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere, Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2: vix illud potui dicere triste vale, Ov. H. 13, 14: saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus, id. Tr. 1, 3, 57: tibi valedicere non licet gratis, Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.
            So (late Lat.): vale facere (or valefacere), August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24.
  2. II. Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc.
    1. A. In gen.: fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma, will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1: fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt, id. Dom. 30, 79: dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo, id. Brut. 14, 57: tribunus plebis tulitut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret, id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11: in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat, id. Leg. 2, 10, 23: valuit auctoritas, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53: verba si valent, id. Caecin. 21, 61: (ejus) valet opinio tarditatis, is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125: si conjuratio valuisset, id. ib. 17, 7: cujus ratio non valuit, Nep. Milt. 3, 7: jus tamen gentium valuit, Liv. 2, 4, 7: praetorratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc., id. 44, 31, 6: et vestrae valuere preces, Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject.
        1. a. With abl.: non metuo mihiDum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidiā meum, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50: reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2): multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summā voluntate valuerunt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122: ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni, id. Leg. 3, 17, 38: quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine, id. Mur. 18, 38: parum valent (Graeci) verbo, i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: qui aut gratiā aut misericordiā valerent, Caes. B. C. 2, 44: dicendo, Nep. Ages. 1, 2: qui pedum cursu valet, Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78: BattiadesQuamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet, Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14: plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt, Quint. 1, 8, 8: rogando, Ov. M. 2, 183: subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere, Quint. 12, 11, 8.
        2. b. With in and abl.: Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi, Cic. Brut. 36, 136: quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere, id. Caecin. 19, 55: in his maxime valet similitudo, Quint. 6, 3, 57: mire in causis valet praesumptio, id. 9, 2, 16: (digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet, id. 11, 3, 94.
      2. 2. With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable.
        1. a. With in and acc.: hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet, id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116: cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat, id. Caecin. 31, 89: num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate, Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44: etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae, Quint. 2, 16, 10: hoc etiam in praeteritum valet, id. 9, 2, 20; cf.: cumidque in omnis partis valeret, Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2.
        2. b. With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc. … quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5: id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo, Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. ι, infra.
        3. c. With ad and acc. of thing: tu non solum ad neglegendas legesverum etiam ad evertendas valuisti, Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res; ad omnis certe non valebit, id. Fat. 4, 8: illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam, id. Cat. 3, 12, 29: vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent, id. Ac. 1, 5, 21: ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc., id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnitesamici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4: eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates, Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra.
        4. d. With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc.
          1. (α) With apud: ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79: non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer, Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3: apud te veritas valebit, id. Quint. 1, 5: sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibusconscripta sunt? id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: magnis meritis apud regemvalebat, Nep. Con. 3, 1: jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam naturā valebat, Sall. C. 9, 1: apud magnam partem senatūs et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratiā, Liv. 31, 48, 1: apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus, Quint. 6, 2, 28.
          2. (β) With ad: dicitur enim C. Flaminiusad populum valuisse dicendo, Cic. Brut. 14, 57: clementiae famaad ferociores jam populos valuit, Liv. 21, 6, 4: metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent, id. 38, 28, 6.
        5. e. With contra and acc.: hoc nonne videtur contra te valere? Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86: quae valeant contra falsam criminationem, id. de Or. 2, 79, 321: ne quid essetquod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset, id. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8: cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet, Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra.
        6. f. With pro and abl.: multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46: epitheton valet pro nomine, Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra.
        7. g. With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare): nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula), Gell. 5, 12, 10.
        8. h. With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliquā ratione valerent Religionibusobsistere, Lucr. 1, 108: hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus, id. 3, 257: nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit, Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.: quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi, Hor. Epod. 16, 3: ceteraadeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium, id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27: nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus, Tib. 4, 1, 55: qui relicti erantne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt, Curt. 3, 4, 5: neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit, Suet. Caes. 79.
          With things as subj.: ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet, Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. β, supra.
          Esp.,
      3. 3. With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc.
          1. (α) Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu’s, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.): plus potest qui plus valet, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38: neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.
            So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.): ignari quid gravitasquid denique virtus valeret, Cic. Sest. 28, 60: illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc., id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem; eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent … collocabantur, id. Brut. 37, 139: cur minus Venena Medaeae valent? Hor. Epod. 5. 62.
          2. (β) With abl.: quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf. v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis, Caes. B. G. 2, 17: qui plus opibus, armis, potentiā valent, perfecisse mihi videnturut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10: quasi vero ego … in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem, id. Dom. 6, 14: Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse, id. Brut. 14, 55: quantum gratiā, auctoritate, pecuniā valerent, Caes. B. G. 7, 63: Caesar multum equitatu valebat, id. B. C. 1, 61: cum tantum equitatu valeamus, id. ib. 3, 86: equitatu plurimum valere, id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2.
          3. (γ) With in and abl.: nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146: hic multum in Fabiā (tribu) valet, ille Velinā, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52.
          4. (δ) With ad and acc.: multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur, Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12: ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere, id. Div. 2, 46, 97: valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas, id. de Or. 2, 43, 182: ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit, Caes. B. G. 6, 30: genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet, Quint. 5, 10, 56.
            (ε) With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence: apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratiā, valebo tibi, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13: utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi, id. ib. 5, 54: potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46: non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis, id. Fam. 1, 9, 11: facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de suā vitā lacrimas matris valere, id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112: apud quem ut multum gratiā valeret, effecit, Nep. Con. 2, 1.
            (ζ) With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.
            (η) With pro: pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere, Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.: quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat, Caes. B. G. 1, 51.
            (θ) With inter: plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere, Caes. B. G. 2, 4.
            (ι) With adv. of pur pose: hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur, Nep. Them. 4, 4: non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae, Quint. 1, 2, 16: nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra.
    3. C. Idiomatic uses.
      1. 1. Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant; quinarii, quod quinos, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret, Liv. 38, 11, 8: ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47: si haec praedia valeant nunc decem, Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4: quasi minimo valeret hereditas, ib. 19, 1, 13: quanti omnibus valet (servus), ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1.
      2. 2. Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. δύνασθαι, to mean, signify, import: quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat, Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino; sed quae dicit, idem valent, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24: quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur, id. Top. 8, 34: hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident, id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat; id valet gallinacei rostrum, Suet. Vit. 18: pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant, Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.: et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio, id. 10, 1, 13: duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent, id. 1, 5, 4.
        Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.).
    1. A. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis; valens adflictet me, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44: virgatores, id. As. 3, 2, 19: robusti et valentes et audaces satellites, Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84: cum homo imbecillus a valentissimā bestiā laniatur, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: valentissimi lictores, id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142: homines, id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35: hic membris et mole valens, Verg. A. 5, 431: membris valens, Ov. M. 9, 108: corpore esse vegeto et valenti, Gell. 3, 1, 11: nervi musculique, Cels. 8, 20: trunci, Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti estEx leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18: tunicae, stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35.
      2. 2. In partic.
        1. a. Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty: valeo et venio ad minus valentem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24: medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2: puer, horā undecimā cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est, id. Clu. 9, 27; cf. valens (opp. imbecillus), id. Fam. 16, 5, 2: (sensus) si sani sunt et valentes, id. Ac. 2, 7, 19: si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum, Cels. 7, 26, 5: sive aegra, sive valens, Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.
          Subst.: qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15; so opp. aeger, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186.
        2. b. Of medicines, strong, powerful, active: valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba, Cels. 4, 15 fin.: medicamenta, id. 1, 3 med.: silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora, Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87.
    2. B. Trop., strong, powerful, mighty: mallem tantas ei (Caesari) vires non dedisset (res publica) quam nunc tam valenti resisteret, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 4: fuit quondam ita firma haec civitas et valens, id. Har. Resp. 28, 60: cum valentiore pugnare, id. Fam. 5, 21, 2: valens dialecticus, id. Fat. 6, 12: ut fieri nihil possit valentius, id. Brut. 16, 64: Philippus jam tum valens multa moliebatur, Nep. Timoth. 3, 1: opibus jam valentes, id. Eum. 10, 3: argumenta valentiora, Quint. 5, 13, 12: quid pars adversa habeat valentissimum, id. 5, 13, 52: nec fraus valentior quam consilium meum, Cic. Univ. 11: ad letum causae satis valentes, Ov. M. 5, 174; so, causae, id. Tr. 1, 8, 29: causa valentior, id. P. 1, 10, 35: deus morbo omni valentior, Stat. S. 1, 4, 111: oppida valentissima, Nep. Ham. 2, 4.
      Hence, adv.: vă-lenter, strongly, stoutly, powerfully, violently (perh. not ante-Aug.).
      1. 1. Lit.: resistere, Col. 1, 5, 9; 3, 2, 15: nimis valenter ibi retenta materia, Cels. 5, 26, 21: praeceps spirare valentius Eurus (coepit), Ov. M. 11, 481.
      2. 2. Trop., of speech, forcibly, energetically: non diu dicebat sed valenter, Sen. Contr. 3, 22 med.: si verba numeres, breviter et abscise: si sensum aestimes, copiose et valenter, Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6.

vălĕrĭa, ae, f., a kind of eagle, called by the Greeks melanaĕtos, Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 6.

1. Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, v. Valerius.

2. Vălĕrĭānus, i, m.; Licinius, a Roman emperor, A. D. 253-260, father of the emperor Gallienus, Treb. Val. 1 sqq.; after him were named Valeriani aurei, Treb. Claud. 17.

Vălĕrĭus (old form Vălĕsĭus, acc. to Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 23 Müll.; v. letter R), i, m.; Vălĕrĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens.

  1. I. The favorite of the people, P. Valerius Publicola, Liv. 1, 58; 2, 2; 2, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58: Laevinum, Valerī genus, Hor. S. 1, 6, 12.
  2. II. The historian, Q. Valerius Antias, Gell. 1, 7, 10.
  3. III. The poets C. Valerius Flaccus and M. Valerius Martialis, Plin. Ep. 3, 21.
  4. IV. The writer of Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus, al.
    As adjj.
      1. 1. Vălĕrĭus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius: gens, Cic. Fl. 1, 1; 11, 25: lex, of the interrex L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Agr. 3, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 43, 125; of the Consul suffectus, 668 A. U. C., L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Font. 1: tabula, a place in the forum beside the Curia Hostilia (so called from the tablet erected there in memory of M. Valerius Maximus Messala, consul 491 A. U. C., victorious in Gaul, Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Vatin. p. 318 Orell.), Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. Vatin. 9, 21.
      2. 2. Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius, Valerian: praedatores, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 553, 24.

vălesco, ĕre,

  1. I. v. inch. n. [valeo], to grow strong, acquire strength (rare; not in Cic.): (puerorum aetas) tali pacto recreata valescat, Lucr. 1, 942; 4, 17: sucus ex quo omne corpus valescit, Ambros. de Noë et Arca, 9, 28.
  2. II. Trop.: scelera impetu, bona consilia mora valescere, Tac. H. 1, 32: falsa, id. A. 2, 39: superstitiones, id. ib. 11, 15: meditatio et labor in posterum, id. ib. 4, 61.

vălētūdĭnārĭus, a, um, adj. [valetudo], sickly, infirm, weak, valetudinary (not in Cic.).

  1. I. Adj.: pecus (opp. sanum), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 15: fenerator, Sen. Ira, 3, 33, 2.
  2. II. Substt.
    1. A. vălētūdĭnā-rĭus, ii, m., one in infirm health, an invalid, valetudinarian: ebrioso vina mittere aut valetudinario medicamenta, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 6; Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 2; 27, 1, 41.
    2. B. vălētūdĭnārĭum, ii, n.
      1. 1. A sick-room, hospital, infirmary, Cels. praef.; Sen. Ep. 27, 1; id. Ira, 1, 16, 3; 2, 16, 4; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 5 fin.; Tac. Or. 21; Col. 11, 1, 18; 12, 3, 8.
      2. 2. A military lazar-house or hospital, Veg. Mil. 2, 10; 3, 2; Dig. 50, 6, 6.

vălētūdo (vălītūdo), ĭnis, f. [valeo], habit, state, or condition of body, state of health, health, whether good or bad.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: optimā valetudine uti, Caes. B. C. 3, 49: valetudine minus commodā uti, id. ib. 3, 62: integra, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 47: bona, Lucr. 3, 102; Cic. Lael. 6, 20; Quint. 10, 3, 26; Cato, R. R. 141, 3: melior, Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 120: commodior, Quint. 6, 3, 77: incommoda, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: infirma atque etiam aegra, id. Brut. 48, 180: quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine, id. Sen. 11, 35: adversa, Just. 41, 6: dura, Hor. S. 2, 2, 88: confirmata, Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265: ut valetudini tuae diligentissime servias, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46: multum interest inter vires et bonam valetudinem, Sen. Q. N. 1, praef. 6.
      Plur.: sic caecitas ferri facile possit, si non desint subsidia valetudinum, of different states of health, i. e. whatever they may be, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 113.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A good state or condition, soundness of body, good health, healthfulness (syn.: salus, sanitas): valetudo decrescit, adcrescit labor, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4: valetudo (opportuna est), ut dolore careas et muneribus fungare corporis, Cic. Lael. 6, 22: cui Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abunde, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 10: valetudo sustentatur notitiā sui corporis et observatione, quae res aut prodesse soleant aut obesse, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 86: melior fio valetudine, quam intermissis exercitationibus amiseram, id. Fam. 9, 18, 3: id pecus valetudinis tutissimae est, Col. 7, 22: hoc cibofirmitatem valetudinis custodiri, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42; cf.: Quaque valetudo constat, nunc libera morbis, Nunc oppressa, Manil. 3, 140; cf. also Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265.
      2. 2. A bad state or condition, ill health, sickness, feebleness, infirmity, indisposition (syn.: infirmitas, imbecillitas): curatio valetudinis, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 123: gravitas valetudinis, quā tamen jam paulum videor levari, id. Fam. 6, 2, 1: affectus valetudine, Caes. B. C. 1, 31: gravis auctumnus omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat, id. ib. 3, 2: quodam valetudinis genere tentari, Cic. Att. 11, 23, 1: quod me propter valetudinem tuamnon vidisses, id. Fam. 4, 1, 1: quod his Nonis in collegio nostro non affuisses, valetudinem causam, non maestitiam fuisse, id. Lael. 2, 8: excusatione te uti valetudinis, id. Pis. 6, 13: quibus (latere, voce) fractis aut imminutis aetate seu valetudine, Quint. 12, 11, 2: medicus quid in quoque valetudinis genere faciendum sit, docebit, id. 7, 10, 10: Blaesus novissimā valetudine conflictabatur, Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 7: major, i. e. morbus comitialis, Just. 13, 2: oculorum, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6: calculorum, Plin. 21, 27, 100, § 173.
        Plur.: medicus regere valetudines principis solitus, Tac. A. 6, 50: valetudinibus fessi, id. H. 3, 2: quod ad febrium valitudines attinet, Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48: graves et periculosas valetudines experiri, Suet. Aug. 81; id. Tib. 11; Vitr. 1, 4.
  2. II. Trop. (rare but class.), of the mind, health, soundness, sanity: ii sunt constituti quasi malā valetudine animi, sanabiles tamen, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80: roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis, Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf.: valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constitit, unsound state of mind, mental infirmity, Suet. Calig. 50.
    Rarely without animi: qui valetudinis vitio furerent et melancholici dicerentur, Cic. Div. 1, 38, 81.
    1. B. Of style: quos (Lysiae studiosi), valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat, Cic. Brut. 16, 64.
  3. III. Personified: Valetudo, Health, as a divinity, Mart. Cap. 1, § 55.

valgĭter, adv., v. valgus fin.

Valgĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens.

    1. 1. T. Valgius Rufus, an epic poet, Tib. 4, 1, 180; Hor. S. 1, 10, 82.
    2. 2. C. Valgius, a rhetorician, Quint. 3, 1, 8; 3, 5, 17.
    3. 3. Valgius, father-in-law of Rullus, Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 3.

valgus, a, um, adj. [root varg, to turn awry, twist; Sanscr. vrginas, twisted; cf. ruga, for fruga, and Anglo-Sax. wrinkle], having the calves of the legs bent outwards, bow-legged.

  1. I. Lit.: valgos Opilius Aurelius aliique complures aiunt dici, qui diversas suras habeant, Fest. p. 375 Müll.; cf. Cels. 8, 20; Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l.; Nov. ap. Non. 25, 12.
  2. * II. Transf.: suavia, wry mouths, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 16.
    Cf. adv.: valgĭter, awry, wryly: valgiter commovebat labra, Petr. 26: obtorto valgiter labello, id. Fragm. ap. Fulg. Prisc. serm. 566, 2.

vălĭdē, adv., v. validus fin. A.

vălĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [validus], strength of body: validitas et tenuitas, App. Trism. p. 97, 2: virilis, Ambros. Abr. 2, 11, 84.

vălĭdus, a, um, adj. [valeo], strong, stout, able, powerful, robust, vigorous (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cæs.; very rare in Cic.; cf. valens).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: quasi incudem me homines octo validi caedant, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 7: quantus et quam validus est, id. ib. 1, 1, 143: lictores, id. As. 3, 2, 29: videmus ea, quae terra gignit, corticibus et radicibus valida servari, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33: legiones, Lucr. 5, 1228: leo, id. 5, 985; 5, 1310: tauri, Ov. M. 7, 538; 9, 186: lacerti, Lucr. 4, 829; Ov. M. 9, 223: vires, Verg. A. 2, 50: robur pectoris, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11: validissima forma, Quint. 12, 10, 5: ventus, Lucr. 6, 137; 3, 509: aestus, id. 1, 300: fulmen, id. 6, 228: flumen, id. 1, 291: pontes, id. 1, 285: turres, id. 5, 1440: tormenta, id. 6, 329: bipennis, Verg. G. 4, 331: urbs valida muris, Liv. 1, 15, 4: validiores munitiones, id. 36, 17, 4; 24, 37: praesidia, id. 44, 35: robustis apta materia validissima est, the strongest, most nourishing food, Cels. 2, 18 fin. (cf. valens, A.): ptisanae usus validissimus saluberrimusque, Plin. 18, 7, 15, § 74.
      With inf.: pondus sustinere valida abies, Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 222: (canis) validus servare gregem, Claud. in Eutrop. 1, 34.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Well in body, in good health, sound, healthy: salvus atque validus, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 7: jamne isti abierunt, Qui me vi cogunt, ut validus insaniam? of sound body, Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 2: si, ut spero, te validum videro, Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3: validus male filius, i. e. sickly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 45: necdum ex morbo satis validus, Liv. 3, 13, 2: color validus, healthy complexion, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42.
      2. 2. Of medicines, strong, powerful, active, efficacious: medicamen, Ov. M. 15, 533; 7, 262: sucus, id. ib. 7, 316: venenum, id. ib. 7, 123; Tac. A. 13, 15 fin.: validissima faex aceti contra cerastas, Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67.
  2. II. Trop., strong, mighty, powerful, effective: Jovi opulento, inclutovalido viripotenti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1: aevi leges, Lucr. 5, 58: valida urbs et potens, Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4: fama validissima, Tac. A. 13, 8: ducibus validiorem quam exercitu rem Romanam esse, Liv. 2, 39, 2: delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientiā validum erat, Sall. C. 6, 6: mente minus validus quam corpore toto, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 7: quam sit ingenio validus, Quint. 10, 1, 62: opibus, ingenio validus, Tac. H. 1, 57: vir gratiā et facundiā validus, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 12: Tiberius spernendis rumoribus validus, Tac. A. 3, 10; 4, 37: auctor validissimus mittendi secretos nuntios, id. ib. 6, 31: ad Caesaris amicitiam validus, id. ib. 6, 8: adversus consentientis nec regem quemquam satis validum nec tyrannum fore, Liv. 34, 49, 9: cum validae tum breves vibrantesque sententiae, Quint. 10, 1, 60: validissimum genus (dicendi), id. 12, 10, 63.
    With gen.: orandi validus, Tac. A. 4, 21: colonia virium et opum, id. H. 2, 19: aevi, Aur. Vict. Caes. 16 fin.
    Hence, advv.
    1. A. vălĭdē, strongly, stoutly, vehemently, mightily, powerfully, exceedingly, very, etc. (not in Cic. or Cæs.): ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10: quam valide tonuit, id. ib. 5, 1, 78: fluctuat valide mare, id. Rud. 2, 1, 14: ne tua vox valide valet! id. Pers. 3, 3, 22: vostra latera loris faciam valide varia uti sint, id. Ps. 1, 2, 12: amare valide coepi hinc meretricem, id. Merc. prol. 42; 48.
      Comp.: validius clamare, Phaedr. 3, 16, 6: quo me validius cruciaret, Quint. 6, praef. § 8: quanto validius bonos inhibet pudor quam metus, id. 9, 2, 76: utros peccare validius putem, id. 10, 3, 12: abrogant fidem validius, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 20: poëtae sunt molesti validius, Phaedr. 4, epil. 9.
      Sup.: validissime alicui favere, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1: cupere, Plin. Ep. 9, 35, 1; 3, 15, 2.
      1. * 2. As a reply in the affirmative, certainly, by all means, to be sure: Ca. Legirupa. Ba. Valide. Ps. Pernicies adulescentum. Ba. Acerrime, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130; cf. v. 110.
    2. B. In a contr. form, valdē, an intens. adv., strongly, vehemently, energetically, vigorously, intensely, very, very much, exceedingly (freq. and class.; cf.: graviter, multo, bene, magnopere, etc.).
          1. (α) With verbs: quidquid volt, valde volt, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: nunc inhibere illud tuum, quod valde mihi arriserat, vehementer displicet, Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: epistula tua, quae me valde levavit, id. ib. 4, 7, 1: de Vergilii parte valde probo, id. ib. 13, 26, 1: alicui valde interdicere, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 39, 61: non valde moveri, id. ib.: hos sermoneslacessivi numquam, sed non valde repressi, id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: litteras tuas valde exspecto, id. ib. 16, 19: ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit, Quint. 10, 1, 112.
            Strengthened by nimis: tu vero eum nec nimis valde umquam nec nimis saepe laudaveris, Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1.
            By tam: hoc est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31: nil mihi tam valde placeat, quod, etc., Cat. 68, 77: quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: de remedio non tam valde laboro, Petr. 17.
            By quam: vosmet videte, quam mihi valde placuerit, Plaut. Merc. prol. 103: quam valde universi admurmuraverint, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: significare quam valde probetis ea, quae, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1.
          2. (β) With adjectives: magistratus valde lenes et remissi, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 66: aetas valde longa, id. ib. 1, 37, 58: exspectatio valde magna, id. Fam. 15, 17, 3: cui me praeripere desponsam laudem, valde est iniquum, id. Har. Resp. 3, 6: homo et acutus, ut Poenus, et valde studiosus ac diligens, id. Ac. 2, 31, 98: mala valde est Bestia, Cat. 69, 7: quoties verbum verbo aut non dissimile valde quaeritur, Quint. 9, 3, 75.
            With tam: quasi vero quicquam sit tam valde, quam nihil sapere, vulgare, Cic. Div. 2, 39, 81.
            With quam: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3.
          3. (γ) With adverbs: insanum valde uterque deamat, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 26: valde vehementer et libere dicere, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: illud valde graviter tulerunt, id. ib. 1, 17, 8: rem valde bene gerere, id. Fam. 1, 8, 7: valde multum, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9.
        1. b. Comp. (rare; cf. valide, supra): novit me valdius ipso, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 6: valdius oblectat populum, id. A. P. 321.
        2. c. Sup.: quos valdissime diligunt, Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 4.
      1. * 2. As a strongly confirmative reply, yes, certainly: Ca. Meam tu amicam vendidisti? Ba. Valde, viginti minis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 110.

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