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Tempē, indecl. plur. n., = Τέμπη, τἁ

  1. I. Lit., a charming valley in Thessaly, through which ran the river Peneus, between Olympus and Ossa, now valley of Lykostomo or Dereli, Mel. 2, 3, 2; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31; 16, 44, 92, § 244; Liv. 44, 6; 33, 35; Hor. C. 1, 7; 4; 1, 21, 9; 3, 1, 24: Peneia, Verg. G. 4, 317; Ov. M. 7, 222.
  2. II. Transf., of other beautiful valleys: frigida, Verg. G. 2, 469; Ov. F. 4, 477; id. Am. 1, 1, 15: Cycneia, id. M. 7, 371; Stat. Th. 1, 485 (cf. written as Greek: Reatini me ad sua τέμπη duxerunt, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 5).

* tempĕrācŭlum, i, n. [tempero], a working: ferri, App. Flor. p. 342, 40.

tempĕrāmentum, i, n. [tempero], a mixing in due proportion, a proper measure, disposition, or constitution; a measure, mean, moderation; temperament, temperature (mostly post-Aug.; cf. on the other hand, temperatio): inventum est temperamentum, quo tenuiores cum principibus aequari se putarunt, * Cic. Leg. 3, 10, 24; cf.: tanto temperamento inter plebem senatumque egit, ut, etc., Just. 2, 7, 5; 44, 4, 3: egregium principatus temperamentum, si demptis utriusque vitiis solae virtutes miscerentur, Tac. H. 2, 5: fortitudinis, id. ib. 1, 83: senatus Caesar orationem habuit meditato temperamento, with studied moderation, strictness, id. A. 3, 12: quod temperamentum omnes in illo subito pietatis calore servavimus, Plin. Pan. 3, 1: opus est inter has tam diversas inaequalitates magno temperamento, Col. 3, 12, 3 sq. eruca jungitur lactucae fere in cibis, ut nimio frigori par fervor immixtus temperamentum aequet, Plin. 19, 8, 44, § 155 eadem est materia, sed distat temperamento, proportion, combination, id. 9, 36, 61, § 130, 12, 25, 54, § 115 caeli, temperateness, Just. 2, 1, 10: linistis absque temperamento, without having tempered the mortar, Vulg. Ezech. 13, 14; 22, 28.

tempĕrans, antis, Part. of tempero.

tempĕranter, adv., v. temperans.

tempĕrantĭa, ae, f. [temperans], moderateness, moderation, sobriety, discreetness, temperateness, temperance, as a moral qual ity: quae (virtutis vis) moderandis cupidi tatibus regendisque animi motibus laudatur, ejus est munus in agendo: cui temperantiae nomen est, Cic. Part. Or. 22, 76. temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164; cf. id. Fin. 2, 19, 60: temperantia est, quae in rebus aut expetendis aut fugiendis rationem ut sequamur, monet, id. ib. 1, 14, 47: temperans, quem Graeci σώφρονο appellant eamque virtutem σωφροσύνην vo cant, quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam, etc., id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16: honestum versatur … in omnium quae fiunt quaeque dicuntur ordine et modo, in quo inest modestia et temperantia, id. Off. 1, 5, 14; cf. id. ib. 3, 33, 116: cernitur altera pars honestatis in conformatione et moderatione continentiae et temperantiae, id. ib 3, 25, 96: novi ego temperantiam et moderationem naturae tuae, id. Fam. 1, 9, 22 dicacitatis moderatio et temperantia, id. de Or. 2, 60, 247 temperantia in victu, id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57: (Divitiaci) summam in se voluntatem, egregiam fidem, temperantiam cognoverat, Caes. B. G. 1, 19: tantā temperantiā moderatus, Sall. J. 45, 1; cf., sine apparatu expellunt famem: adversus sitim non eādem temperantiā, Tac. G. 23, and valetudinem temperantiā mitigare, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 9.

tempĕrātē, adv., v. tempero, P. a. fin.

tempĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [tempero].

  1. I. Lit., a due mingling or tempering of ingredients, fit proportion or combination, symmetry, constitution, temperament (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.); ut enim corporis temperatio cum ea congruunt inter se, e quibus constamus, sanitas: sic animi dicitur, cum ejus judicia opinionesque concordant: eaque animi est virtus, quam alii ipsam temperantiam dicunt esse, alii obtemperantem temperantiae praeceptis, Cic. Tusc 4, 13, 30: corporum, id. ib. 1, 28, 68; 1, 10, 21: aeris temperatio, composition, temper, id. Verr 2, 4, 44, § 98; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 85: caerulei temperationes Alexandriae primum sunt inventae, Vitr. 7, 11; quae a luna ceterisque sideribus caeli temperatio fit, Cic. Div. 2, 45, 94; so, caeli, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13: temperatio lunae caelique moderatio efficit hoc, id. Div. 2, 45, 94: semina temperatione caloris et oriri et augescere, id. N. D. 2, 10, 26: mensium temperatio, id. Leg. 2, 7, 16: disciplina ac temperatio civitatis, organization, constitution. id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1: rei publicae, id. Leg. 3, 5, 12: ordinum, Liv. 9, 46, 15: temperatio juris, cum potestas in populo, auctoritas in senatu sit, Cic. Leg. 3, 12, 28: sed praesto est hujus vitii temperatio, quod senatus lege nostra confirmatur auctoritas, a means of moderating, qualifying, or tempering, id. ib. § 27.
  2. II. Transf.: sol dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum, mens mundi et temperatio, the organizing or ordering principle, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17 (Somn. Scip. 4, 10).

* tempĕrātīvus, a, um, adj. [tempero], soothing, palliative: medicamina, Cael. Aur. Tard. 4, 1, 11.

tempĕrātor, ōris, m. [tempero], one who duly arranges, orders, or governs (very rare): moderator ille et quasi temperator hujus tripartitae varietatis, Cic. Or. 21, 70: voluptatis, i. e. who enjoys it in moderation, Sen. Vit. Beat. 14, 1.
Poet.: armorum (flumen), i. e. that rightly tempers them, Mart. 4, 55, 15.

tempĕrātūra, ae, f. [tempero], due measure, proportion, composition, or quality; temper, temperament, temperature (anteclass. and post-Aug. for the class. temperatio): caeli temperatura, Varr. ap. Non. 179, 12: corporis, Sen. Ep. 11, 6: minii, Vitr. 7, 9: aeris, Plin. 34, 9, 20, § 97; cf. id. 34, 2, 5, § 10; 34, 8, 19, § 75: utilis ac salubris (in balneis), Sen. Ep. 86, 10: linire absque temperatura, with untempered mortar, Vulg. Ezech. 13, 11.

tempĕrātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of tempero.

tempĕrī (-ĭus), adv., v. tempus, II. A.

tempĕrĭes, ēi, f. [tempero], a due mingling, mixture, or tempering, temperature, temper (poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the class. temperatio): in quo (aere) aequalis omnium temperies fuit, Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 8: magna et in colore temperies, id. 2, 78, 80, § 190; 16, 11, 22, § 54: ubi temperiem sumpsere umorque calorque, Ov. M. 1, 430: nix tegit alta duas (caeli zonas): totidem inter utramque locavit, Temperiemque dedit, mixtā cum frigore flammā, i. e. temperateness, moderate temperature, id. ib. 1, 51: caeli, id. P. 2, 7, 71; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 3: caeli mira temperies, verno tepori maxime similis, Curt. 4, 7, 17; 9, 1, 11; cf.: auctumnus mitis inter juvenemque senemque Temperie medius, Ov. M. 15, 211: temperie blandarum captus aquarum, id. ib. 4, 344: temperiem servant oculi, a due proportion, Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 217: tranquilla morum, Stat. S. 2. 6, 48: temperies (docet), ut casta petas, moderation, temperance, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 103.

tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. [tempus].

  1. I. Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).
    1. A. Lit.: nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119: qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18: ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit, id. Univ. 7: tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum, id. N. D. 3, 14, 36: aes conflare et temperare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197: ferrum, id. 34, 14, 41, § 145: herbas, Ov. F. 5, 402: acetum melle, Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114: vinum, id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7: venenum, Suet. Ner. 2 fin.: unguentum, Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18: collyrium, id. 27, 10, 59, § 83: colores, id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.: ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores, id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.: vitis solem umbra temperans, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1: scatebrisque arentia temperat arva, i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so, arva (Galesus), Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.
      1. 2. Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order: rem publicam institutis et legibus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.: constituere et temperare civitates, id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit, id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.: qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis, Hor. C. 1, 12, 16: terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere), id. ib. 3, 4, 45: mare, id. ib. 4, 12, 1: aequor, Verg. A. 1, 146: orbem, Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869: arces aetherias, id. ib. 15, 859: undas, id. ib. 12, 580: ratem, id. ib. 13, 366: solus id navigii genus temperans, Vell. 2, 107: omnia pretio temperata, id. 2, 60: senem delirum, Hor. S. 2, 5, 71: ora frenis, id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.: genius qui natale temperat astrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 187: annum, id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13: caeli fulgura, Cic. Leg. 8, 21: fortunam suo arbitrio, Petr. 137.
        Poet.: carmen impositis articulis, i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.: testudinis aureae strepitum, Hor. C. 4, 3, 18: Musam pede Archilochi, id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.: citharam nervis, i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. To regulate, rule, etc.: non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.: cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet, id. Phil. 12, 11, 26: quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65: ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi, id. Or. 58, 197; so, joined with miscere, id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.: at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt, id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176: iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare, id. Marcell. 3, 8: amara lento Temperet risu, Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34: (Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras, soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57: sumptus, Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10: Mercurius temperat astra, Stat. Th. 1, 305.
      2. 2. Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.
  2. II. Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one’s self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).
    1. A. In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.
          1. (α) With in and abl.: jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8: in multa temperarunt tribuni, Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.
          2. (β) With dat.: linguae tempera, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so, linguae, Liv. 28, 44, 18: linguae, Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2: manibus, Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24: oculis, Liv. 21, 22, 7: irae, id. 33, 20, 7: victoriae, Sall. C. 11, 8: gulae, Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5: lacrimis, Curt. 7, 2, 7.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: temperare ab injuriā et maleficio, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: a maleficio, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: a lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 8: precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere, Tac. H. 1, 63.
            Rarely with sibi, etc.: cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum? Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.
          4. (δ) With abl. alone: lacrimis, Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16: a venatibus, Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270: risu, Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.
            (ε) With inf.: matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent, Plaut. Poen. prol. 33: dormire, id. ib. 22: maledicere huic, id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.): exordiri rem novam, Gell. 4, 9, 5.
            (ζ) With ne and subj.: quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60: quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi, Lact. 4, 3, 5.
            (η) With quin (post-Aug.): non temperante Tiberio quin premeret, Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54: vix temperabat, quin diceret, Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7: Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc., id. Ep. 114, 19.
        1. b. With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero): neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 33: vix sibi temperant quin, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2: nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc., Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. § 30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc., id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1: vix temperavere animis, quin, etc., Liv. 5, 45, 7.
        2. c. Impers. pass.: aegre temperatum est, quin, etc., they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8: nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc., id. 2, 23, 10: jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est, id. 5, 7, 8: ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum, id. 7, 20, 9: a caedibus, id. 25, 25, 9.
    2. B. In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab: ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere), id. ib. 2, 2, 2, § 4: sociis, id. ib. 2, 1, 59, § 154: alicui in aliquā re, id. ib. 2, 2, 6, § 17: amicis, id. Balb. 27, 60: privignis, Hor. C. 3, 24, 18: ingenio suo, Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.: in quo ab sociis temperaverant, Liv. 6, 17, 8: ab his sacris, id. 39, 10, 9: quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.: a mulso sibi temperare, Cels. 4, 31.
      Impers. pass.: templis deum temperatum est, Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.: nec ab ullo temperatum foret, id. 24, 31, 11.
      Hence,
    1. A. tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.: modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit? Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc., id. Font. 18, 40; so, homo, id. Att. 15, 1, 1.
      Sup.: homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus, Cic. Font. 17, 38: principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii, refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.
      With gen.: famae temperans, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41: temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae, Plin. Pan. 52, 5: potestatis temperantior, Tac. A. 13, 46.
      Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29.
      Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.
      Sup. seems not to occur.
    2. B. tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.
      1. * 1. Duly arranged or prepared: prela, Cato, R. R. 12.
      2. 2. Limited, moderate, temperate.
          1. (α) Lit.: temperatae escae modicaeque potiones, Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115: regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae, Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.
            Comp.: loca temperatiora, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: o temperatae dulce Formiae litus, Mart. 10, 30, 1: mitis ac temperatus annus, Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.: temperatissimum anni tempus, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.
          2. (β) Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate: est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur, Cic. Fam. 12, 27: justi, temperati, sapientes, id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1: mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā, Hor. C. 2, 3, 3: vim temperatam di provehunt In majus, id. ib. 3, 4, 66: animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse, Liv. 1, 18, 4: hoc multo fortius estillud temperatius, Sen. Ep. 18, 3: aequabile et temperatum orationis genus, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3: oratio modica ac temperata, id. Or. 27, 95.
            Comp.: temperatior oratio, Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.
            Sup.: temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83.
            Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.
        1. a. Lit.: tepebit, Cato, R. R. 69, 2: arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes, Vitr. 2, 9 med.
        2. b. Trop.: agere, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: temperatius scribere, id. ib. 13, 1, 1: temperatissime et castissime vivere, Aug. Mus. 6, 15.

tempestas, ātis (collat. form tempe-stūs, ūtis; v. in the foll.; gen. plur. tempestatium, Vitr. 9, 6, 3), f. [tempus].

  1. I. A portion, point, or space of time, a time, season, period, ὥρα (so mostly ante-class. and poet.; syn. tempus): SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10; cf.: in duodecim tabulis: SOLIS OCCASV DIEI SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO: libri augurum pro tempestate tempestutem dicunt, supremum augurii tempus, Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Müll. N. cr.: jam quā tempestate vivo certe sine ad me recipio, Lucil. ap. Non. 407, 31: tempestate flos poëtarum fuit, Plaut. Cas. prol. 18: verum tempestas quondam cum vixi fuit, Quom, etc., id. Truc. 2, 4, 29: eādemque tempestate multis signis Lacedaemoniis calamitas denuntiabatur, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 75: quā tempestate juvencos egerat a stabulis, Prop. 4, 9, 1: non ego pro mundi regno magis anxius illā Tempestate fui, qua, etc., Ov. M. 1, 183: tertia te Phthiae tempestas laeta locabit, the third day (a translation of the Homeric ἤματί κεν τριτάτῳ, Il. 9, 363), Cic. poët. Div. 1, 25, 52: quā tempestate Poenus in Italiam venit, Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; cf. id. Or. 49, 164: fuere item tempestate, qui crederent, etc., Sall. C. 17, 7; Curt. 4, 2, 11; 6, 2, 15: illā tempestate, Liv. 27, 37, 13; Curt. 3, 1, 2: hac tempestate, Sall. J. 3, 1; 13, 7; Vell. 2, 78; Just. 19, 2, 3; 25, 2, 8: sic omnia nimia, cum vel in tempestate vel in agris vel in corporibus laetiora fuerunt, in contraria fere convertuntur (a transl. of the Platonic ἐν ὥραις τε καὶ ἐν φυτοῖς καὶ ἐν σώμασι), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.
    In plur.: quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 33: cis paucas tempestates, augebis, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 18: multis tempestatibus haud sane quisquam Romae virtute magnus fuit, Sall. C. 53, 5: Sulla sollertissimus omnium in paucis tempestatibus factus est, id. J. 96, 1: Evander, qui multis ante tempestatibus ea tenuerat loca, Liv. 1, 5, 2.
  2. II. Time, with respect to its physical qualities, weather (the predom. and class. signif. of the word).
    1. A. Lit., of good as well as of bad weather: tum tonuit laevum bene tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.; cf. infra, in plur.); Varr. ap. Non. 408, 5: liquida, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 64; cf.: liquidissima caeli, Lucr. 4, 169: nactus idoneam ad navigandum tempestatem, Caes. B. G. 4, 23; cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4: secunda, Tac. Agr. 38: fuit pridie Quinquatrus egregia tempestas, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 2: tempestatem praetermittere, id. Fam. 14, 4, 5: cum tempestas arridet, Lucr. 2, 32; cf. id. 5, 1395: unde haec tam clara repente Tempestas? Verg. A. 9, 20.
      In plur.: tempestates serenae riserunt risu Jovis, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 254 (Ann. v. 445 Vahl.): dum tempestates assunt, Lucr. 1, 178: et comites et tempestates et navem idoneam ut habeas, diligenter videbis, Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; Cels. 2, 1.
      1. 2. Esp., of bad or stormy weather, a storm, tempest (cf.: procella, hiemps): turbida tempestas heri fuit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 3; so, turbida, Lucr. 6, 376; Caes. B. C. 2, 22: saeva, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 12; Lucr. 6, 458: perfrigida, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86: turbulenta, id. ib. 2, 5, 10, § 26: foeda, Liv. 2, 62; Verg. G. 1, 323: horrida, Hor. Epod. 13, 1: demissa ab Euro, id. C. 3, 17, 11: tempestas venit, Confringit tegulas imbricesque, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 27: tanta tempestas cooritur, ut, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 48: tempestas naves adflixit, id. ib. 3, 27: vis tempestatis, Cic. Rep. 4, 8, 8: maximo imbri, tempestate, ventis, procellis, etc., id. Phil. 5, 6, 15: nautae cum adversā tempestate in alto jactarentur, id. Inv. 2, 31, 95: si segetibus tempestas nocuerit, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167: si tempestas a vertice silvis Incubuit, Verg. G. 2, 310: tempestas sine more furit, id. A. 5, 694.
        In plur.: duo genera esse caelestis injuriae meminisse debemus: unum quod tempestates vocamus, in quibus grandines, procellae, ceteraque similia intelleguntur, etc., Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278: magnis commotis tempestatibus, fluvius ita magnus factus est, ut, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96; Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 86: etiam summi gubernatores in magnis tempestatibus a vectoribus admoneri solent, Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27: ut tempestates saepe certo aliquo caeli signo commoventur, id. Mur. 17, 36: procellae, tempestates, id. Off. 2, 6, 19; Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3: autumni, Verg. G. 1, 311; Caes. B. G. 4, 34.
      2. 3. Personified: Tempestātes, the weather-goddesses, the weather: (Lucius Scipio) CEPIT. CORSICA. ALERIAQVE. VRBE. DEDET TEMPESTATIBVS AIDE MERITO, Inscrr. Scip. in Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; Hor. Epod. 10, 24; cf. in sing. Tempestas, Ov. F 6, 193.
    2. B. Trop. (like our storm, tempest, = ), commotion, disturbance; calamity, misfortune: qui in hac tempestate populi jactemur et fluctibus, Cic. Planc. 4, 11: comitiorum, id. Mur. 17, 36: video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis impendeat, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22: periculi tempestas, id. Sest. 47, 101: tempestas horribilis Gallici adventus, id. Rep. 2, 6, 11: quanta per Idaeos tempestas ierit campos, Verg. A. 7, 223: ipsā tempestate eversam esse rem publicam, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5: tempestas popularis, id. Sest. 67, 140: vis illa fuit et ruina quaedam atque tempestas et quidvis potius quam judicium, id. Clu. 35, 96: communis Siculorum tempestas (i. e. Verres), id. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91: haud ignari quanta invidiae immineret tempestas, Liv. 3, 38, 6: (scurra) Pernicies et tempestates barathrumque macelli, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 31: belli, Stat. Th. 3, 229; Sen. Agam. 63.
      In plur.: in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari quam, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: immoderatae tempestates, id. N. D. 1, 2, 4: navis rei publicae fluitans in alto tempestatibus, id. Sest. 20, 46; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; id. Fam. 9, 6, 4; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 85 al.
      1. 2. A storm, shower, i. e. a throng, multitude, etc.: querelarum, Cic. Pis. 36, 89: turbida telorum, Verg. A. 12, 284; Claud. in Ruf. 1, 102.

tempestīvē, adv., v. tempestivus fin.

tempestīvĭtas, ātis, f. [tempestivus], a right or proper time, timeliness, seasonableness (rare).

  1. I. Lit.: sua cuique parti aetatis tempestivitas est data, its appropriate quality or character, * Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Plin. 10, 34, 52, § 105; 11, 14, 14, § 36; 18, 30, 73, § 303.
  2. * II. Transf., a right or proper state or condition: tempestivitates stomachi totiusque corporis, Plin. 29, 6, 38, § 120.

tempestīvō, adv., = tempestive, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41 (dub.; al. tempestive).

tempestīvus (-vos), a, um, adj. [tempestas, I.], of or belonging to the right time, done or happening at the proper time, timely, seasonable, opportune, fitting, appropriate, suitable (class.; syn. opportunus).

  1. I. In gen.: venti, Cic. N. D. 2, 53, 131: imbres, Just. 44, 1, 4: nondum tempestivo ad navigandum mari, Siciliam adiit, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34: aggressus tempestivis temporibus, Liv. 45, 19, 10; cf.: veniet narratibus hora Tempestiva meis, Ov. M. 5, 500; Plin. 11, 17, 17, § 53: et tempestivum pueris concedere ludum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 142: oratio, Liv. 5, 12, 12: caesura arborum, Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 230: vindemia, Col. 11, 2, 67: sarritio, id. 11, 2, 9; 7, 3, 4: multa mihi ipsi ad mortem tempestiva fuerunt, fitting occasions, Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 109: num parum tempestivos interveni? Tac. Or. 14: oscula maestis tempestiva genis posuit, Stat. Th. 2, 355.
    Neutr. absol.: si tempestivom erit, Col. 1, 8 fin.; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 188.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Timely, seasonable, ripe (syn. maturus): maturitas, Cic. Sen. 2, 5: ubi ocymum tempestivom erit, dato primum, Cato, R. R. 54, 3; so, fructus, Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14; Col. 3, 21, 10: pullorum examina, Lucr. 5, 1363: pinus, Verg. G. 1, 256.
      Comp.: cassita in sementes forte concesserat tempestiviores, Gell. 2, 29, 5.
      1. 2. Transf., of persons, ripe, mature (poet. and in postAug. prose): tempestiva viro, Hor. C. 1, 23, 12 (for which: filia Jam matura viro, Verg. A. 7, 53; and: matura virgo, Hor. C. 3, 6, 22); so, Rhode, id. ib. 3, 19, 27: virgo, Fest. s. v. Romam, p. 269 Müll.: tempestivos erat caelo Cythereïus heros, Ov. M. 14, 584.
    2. B. Pregn., like our timely, betimes, for that which takes place early, in good time, in good season, early; so in the elder Pliny, of early risers: refrigeratum sub dio dari tempestivis antecedente vomitione, Plin. 29, 4, 25, § 80: sani atque tempestivi, id. 7, 53, 54, § 181.
      Esp., of early banquets, beginning while it is yet day: convivia, Cic. Arch. 6, 13; so, convivia (convivium), id. Sen. 14, 46; id. Att. 9, 1, 3; 9, 13, 6; id. Mur. 6, 13: gladiatorum convivium, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61: solemni et tempestivo adhibetur convivio, Curt. 8, 1, 22; Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 6; Tac. H. 2, 68; Suet. Calig. 45 fin.; cf.: tempestivis epulis delinitus, ubi vino incaluit, etc., Tac. A. 11, 37.
      Sup. seems not to occur.
      Hence, adv.: tempestīvē, at the right time, in proper season, seasonably, opportunely; fitly, appropriately (class.): arare, Cato, R. R. 61, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156; Col. 2, 8, 4; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 81; Just. 34, 1; Suet. Vesp. 23.
      Comp., Hor. C. 4, 1, 9.
      Sup seems not to occur.

* tempestŭōsus, a, um, adj. [tempestas, II.], stormy, tempestuous; turbulent, impetuous: incursus hostium, Sid. Ep. 4, 6.

tempestūs, ūtis, v. tempestas init.

tempus, ŏris (abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. τέμνω; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].

  1. I. Lit., a portion or period of time, a time: tempus diei, daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116: extremum diei, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.: matutina tempora, morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1: anni tempora, the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.: quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107: maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit, Caes. B. G. 1, 54: erat hibernum tempus anni, Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.
      1. 2. Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time: longo post tempore, Verg. E. 1, 68: magno post tempore, Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1: brevi post tempore, id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6: parvo post tempore, Val. Max. 8, 6, 1.
        Plur.: longis temporibus ante, Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.
    1. B. Transf., time, in general.
      1. 1. Lit.
        1. a. In gen.: tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione, Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39: tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.: neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.: nisi tempus et spatium datum sit, Cic. Quint. 1, 4: vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui, id. Att. 1, 14, 1: egeo tempore, id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4: unius horae tempus, Liv. 44, 9, 4: aliquot dierum tempus amisit, Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5: tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos, Liv. 29, 5, 7: triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc., id. 38, 37, 10: tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211: ut tempora postulabant belli, Liv. 24, 8, 7: nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace, id. 35, 28, 1: temporibus Punici belli, Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11: mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum, Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14: erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc., id. Mil. 26, 69: ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2: eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur, Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13: tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia, id. 2, 32, 9: privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint, id. 3, 20, 4: per idem tempus, Cic. Brut. 83, 286: quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram, at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10: scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur, Quint. 10, 4, 2: non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32: uno et eodem temporis puncto nati . . . nascendi tempus, Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.: alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi, id. Fam. 3, 10, 6: dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re, id. ib. 1, 9, 3: committendi proelii, Caes. B. G. 2, 19: edendi, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22: curandi, id. ib. 1, 2, 39: tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est, Liv. 34, 33, 5: datum cum iis conloquendi tempus, id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.
          In plur.: id certis temporibus futurum, Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23: si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant, id. ib. 1, 27, 43: superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi, id. Fam. 5, 17, 1: illis temporibus, id. Lael. 1, 5: temporibus illis, id. Arch. 3, 6.
        2. b. In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = καιρός: nunc occasio est et tempus, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3: tempus maximum est, ut, etc., id. Mil. 4, 3, 9: spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem, id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.: tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam, Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27: dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8: nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste, Sil. 11, 194: consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset, Liv. 8, 10, 1: cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret, was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20: verno inserentis tempus urguet, Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.: sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere, Cic. Top. 1, 5: dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum, id. de Or. 2, 42, 181: conari etiam majora, Liv. 6, 18, 12: nunc corpora curare tempus est, id. 21, 54, 2: tibi abire, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215: jam tempus agi res, Verg. A. 5, 638: tempus est jam hinc abire me, Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99: suo tempore, at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.
          1. (β) tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. τὰ καίρια (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.: duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt, Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.
            Sing.: contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus, Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.
            Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).
            The head: jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus, upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.
            Sing.: tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit, Cat. 61, 162.
      2. 2. Transf.
        1. a. The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances): si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est, time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2: omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putaviet meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus, id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1: quid a me cujusque tempus poscat, id. Planc. 32, 79: tempori meo defuerunt, my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.: qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc., id. Arch. 6, 12: tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum, id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare, id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8: neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.: suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore, id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5: in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore, id. Fl. 3, 6: tempore summo rei publicae, id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.: pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus, id. Off. 3, 24, 93: pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare, Sall. C. 30, 5: o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte, to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1: eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore, at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.: nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat, Lucr. 1, 93: indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique, Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.
          In plur.: incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31: omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt, id. Clu. 50, 139: tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore, id. Fam. 2, 18, 3: scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis, id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. § 11: dubia formidolosaque tempora, id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1: cedere temporibus, id. Mil. 1, 2: animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus, Hor. C. 4, 9, 36: Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo, Curt. 5, 3, 4.
        2. b. Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity: idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo, Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.: tempora certa modique, Hor. S. 1, 4, 58: rhythmi spatio temporum constant, Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq.
        3. c. In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.
  2. II. Adverb. phrases.
    1. A. tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably: rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta, Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.: qui vult sua tempori conficere officia, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22: sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.: temperi huic anteveni, id. Trin. 4, 2, 66: temperi ego faxo scies, id. Ps. 1, 3, 153: ut cenam coqueret temperi, id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.
      In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi: postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput, Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6: ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1: temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent, Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.: tempore abest, id. H. 4, 109.
      Comp.: memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8: modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis, more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198: ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant, Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.
    2. B. Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually: tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri, … Tempore paret equus habenis, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq.
    3. C. Ad tempus.
      1. 1. At the right or appointed time, in time: ad tempus redire, Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2: ad tempus venire, Liv. 38, 25: ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis, Cic. Cael. 7, 17.
      2. 2. For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment: quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27: coli ad tempus, id. Lael. 15, 53: dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.: ad breve (sc. tempus), Suet. Tib. 68.
    4. D. Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon: ante tempus mori miserum esse, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11: ante tempus domo digressus, Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.: sero post tempus venis, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.
    5. E. Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore: versus fundere ex tempore, Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194: magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore, id. Arch. 8, 18: scribere, Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.
      1. 2. According to circumstances: expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33: haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues, id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.
  3. F. In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time: in tempore ad eam veni, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123: in ipso tempore eccum ipsum, in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52: ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent, Liv. 33, 5, 2: in tempore memorare, Tac. A. 1, 58 fin.
  4. G. In tempus, for a time, temporarily: scena in tempus structa, Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.: in omne tempus, forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.
  5. H. Per tempus, at the right time, in time: non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.: per tempus subvenistis mihi, id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.
  6. K. Pro tempore, according to circumstances: consilium pro tempore et pro re capere, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: pauca pro tempore milites hortatus, Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.