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ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.; aquae, as trisyl., Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Μεσσ-άπι-οι and γῆ Ἀπί-α, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ὠκύς, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

  1. I.
    1. A. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew): aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant, Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20: pluvialis, rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so, aquae pluviae, Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so, caelestes aquae, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so, aquae de nubibus, Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30: fluvialis, river-water, Col. 6, 22; so, aqua fluminis, Vulg. Jer. 2, 18: aquaï fons, Lucr. 5, 602: fons aquae, Vulg. Gen. 24, 13: fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae, Verg. A. 11, 495: fluvius aquae, Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1: rivus aquae, Verg. E. 8, 87: rivi aquarum, Vulg. Isa. 32, 2: torrens aquae, ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890: fons aquae dulcis, Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.: aquae dulces, Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so, aquae maris, Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19: dulcis et amara aqua, ib. Jac. 3, 11: perennis, never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.: quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes, Cic. Verr. 4, 107: aqua profluens, running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so, currentes aquae, Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so, aqua viva, living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.: aquae vivae, ib. Num. 19, 17; and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva, ib. Joan. 4, 10; so, vitae, ib. Apoc. 22, 17: aquae viventes, ib. Lev. 14, 5: stagna aquae, standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2: aquae de puteis, well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17: aqua de cisternā, cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so, aqua cisternae, ib. Isa. 36, 16: aquae pessimae, ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19: aqua recens, Verg. A. 6, 636: turbida, Vulg. Jer. 2, 18: crassa, ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20: munda, ib. Heb. 10, 22: purissima, ib. Ezech. 34, 18: aquae calidae, warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.: calida, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; and contr.: calda, Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water: aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere, Cic. Verr. 1, 67: aqua frigida, cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.: frigida, Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.: decocta, Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.
    2. B. Particular phrases.
      1. 1. Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).
      2. 2. Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon): ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.
      3. 3. Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life: non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā, Cic. Lael. 6, 22.
        Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17: aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis, Curt. 3, 10, 8.
        Provv.
        1. a. Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita, you can’t find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq.
        2. b. In aquā scribere = καθ’ ὕδατος γράφειν, to write in water, of something transient, useless: cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā, Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats’ epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).
  2. II. Water, in a more restricted sense.
    1. A. The sea: coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur, on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83: laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā, Ov. P. 2, 7, 30: findite remigio aquas! id. F. 3, 586.
      Trop.: Venimus in portum … Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas: To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new), Ov. F. 2, 864.
    2. B. = la. cus, a lake: Albanae aquae deductio, Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin.
    3. C. A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48: alii in aquam caeci ruebant, Liv. 1, 27: sonitus multarum aquarum, of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6: lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum, along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.
    4. D. Rain: cornix augur aquae, Hor. C. 3, 17, 12: deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis, Ov. F. 3, 286: multā terra madescit aquā, id. ib. 6, 198: aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt, heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.
    5. E. In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.
      1. 1. In gen.: ad aquas venire, Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2: aquae caldae, Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.: aquae calidae, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227: aquae medicatae, Sen. Q. N. 3, 25: aquae Salutiferae, Mart. 5, 1.
        Hence,
      2. 2. As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.
        1. a. Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.
        2. b. Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.
        3. c. Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.
        4. d. Ăquae Călĭdae,
          1. (α) In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.
          2. (β) In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.
          3. (γ) In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.
        5. e. Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero’s villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.
        6. f. Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.
        7. g. Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.
        8. h. Ăquae Tauri or Tau-ri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.
  3. F. The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,
          1. (α) Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.
          2. (β) Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.
          3. (γ) Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117: in hac causā mihi aqua haeret, id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.
  4. G. Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person; hence, as med. t., the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare, Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92: decessit morbo aquae intercutis, Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.
    Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.
  5. III. Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Ὕδωρ: hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī, Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of τοὺς πάντας καλέουσιν Ὕδωρ); v. Orell. ad h. l.

1. tau, n. indecl., a Celtic word of unknown meaning, Verg. Cat. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 28; cf. Aus. Idyll. 12, 6.

2. tau, n. indecl., the name of the Greek T, Aus. Idyll. Lit. Monos. 18: et signa tau super frontes virorum gementium, Vulg. Ezech. 9, 4 (al. thau).

Taulantĭi, ōrum, m., a people of Illyria, Mel. 2, 3, 11; Plin. 3, 22, 26, § 144; Liv. 45, 26, 14.
Hence, Taulantĭus, a, um, adj., Taulantian: incola, Sil. 15, 294; Luc. 6, 16.

Taum, i, n., an arm of the sea in Britain, now the Firth of Tay, Tac. Agr. 22.

Taunus, i, m., a mountain range in Western Germany (between Frankfort and Mayence), now called Taunus, or the Höhe, Mel. 3, 3, 3; Tac. A. 1, 56; 12, 28.

† taura, ae, f., = ταῦρα, a barren, hybrid cow, a free-martin, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 6; Col. 6, 22, 1; cf. Fest. pp. 352 and 353.

taurĕus, a, um, adj. [taurus], of a bull or ox, of oxen, taurine (mostly poet.).

  1. I. Adj.: vincla, i. e. taurean bands (a poet. expression to denote glue), Lucr. 6, 1071: terga, bulls’ hides, Verg. A. 9, 706; also, meton., for a drum, Ov. F. 4, 342.
  2. II. Subst.: taurĕa, ae, f.
      1. 1. A whip of bull’s hide, Juv. 6, 492; Tert. ad Mart. 5.
      2. 2. = taura, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 140.

Tauri, ōrum, m., the Taurians, a Thracian people, living in what is now Crimea, who sacrificed foreigners to Diana, Mel. 2, 1, 11; Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15; Ov. P. 3, 2, 45.
Hence, Taurĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Taurians, Taurian, Tauric: Chersonesus, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85: terra, Ov. P. 1, 2, 80: sacra, id. Ib. 386: ara, id. Tr. 4, 4, 63.

Taurĭānum, i, n., a town in Bruttia, Mel. 2, 4, 8.

* taurĭcornis, e, adj. [taurus-cornu], bull-horned, tauricornous, an epithet of Jupiter, Prud. στεφ. 10, 222.

Taurĭcus, a, um, v. Tauri.

* taurĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [taurusfero], bull-bearing, i. e. bearing, feeding, or supporting bulls: campi, Luc. 1, 473.

* taurĭformis, e, adj. [taurus-forma], bull-shaped, tauriform, an epithet of the river Aufidus, Hor. C. 4, 14, 25.

* taurĭgĕnus, a, um, adj. [taurus-gigno], bull-born, i. e. begotten by or proceeding from a bull, Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5 fin. (Trag. Fragm. v. 463 Rib.).

Taurĭi lūdi, games at Rome in the Circus Flaminius, held in honor of the infernal gods, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154 Müll.; Liv. 39, 22; Fest. pp. 350 and 351 Müll.; Serv. Verg. A. 2, 140.
Hence, Taurium aes, quod in ludos Taurios consumitur, Fest. p. 360 Müll.

Taurīni, ōrum, m., a people of Northern Italy, near the modern Turin (Augusta Taurinorum), Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 123; Liv. 21, 38 sq.; Tac. H. 2, 66.
Hence, Taurīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Taurini, Taurine: saltus, Liv. 5, 34: campi, Sil. 3, 646.

1. taurīnus, a, um, adj. [taurus], of or belonging to bulls or oxen, bull’s-, taurine (mostly poet.): vultus (Eridani), Verg. G. 4, 371: frons, Ov. F. 6, 197: gluten, Lucr. 6, 1069: sanguis, Plin. 28, 9, 41, § 147: fel, id. 28, 9, 40, § 146: fimum, id. 28, 17, 68, § 232: tergum, a bull’s hide, Verg. A. 1, 368; hence, also, tympana (cf. taureus), Claud. Cons. Stil. 2, 365; and pulsus, on a drum, Stat. Th. 2, 78.

2. Taurīnus, a, um, v. Taurini.

Tauris, ĭdis, f., an island near Illyria, Auct. B. Alex. 45, 1 sq.

Taurisci, ōrum, m., an Alpine tribe in Pannonia, Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 148; 3, 19, 23, § 133.
Hence, Tauriscus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Taurisci: gens, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134.

1. Tauriscus, v. Taurisci.

2. Tauriscus, i, m., the name of a Greek actor, Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221.

Taurĭus, a, um, v. Taurii.

‡ taurŏbŏlĭcus, a, um, adj. [taurobolium], of or belonging to a sacrifice of a bull (taurobolium): ARA, Inscr. Orell. 2328.

‡ taurŏbŏlīnus, i, m. [taurobolium], one who has sacrificed a bull to Cybele, Inscr. Orell. 2353.

taurŏbŏlĭor, ātus, v. dep. n. [id.].

  1. I. Lit., to make a sacrifice of a bull (taurobolium; late Lat.): matris deum sacra accepit et tauroboliatus est, Lampr. Heliog. 7; Inscr. Orell. 2351.
  2. II. Transf.: TAVROBOLIATA PETRA, set up to commemorate a taurobolium, Inscr. Orell. 2326.

‡ taurŏbŏlĭum, ii, n., a sacrifice of a bull in honor of Cybele, Inscr. Orell. 1899 sq.; 2322 sq.; 2130 al.

‡ taurŏcenta, ae, m., a bull-fighter, Inscr. Orell. 2530.

Taurŏīs, entis, = Ταυρόεις, a fortress belonging to Marseilles, situated on the seashore in Gallia Narbonensis, now Tarento; acc. Tauroenta, Caes. B. C. 2, 4: Tauroin, Mel. 2, 5, 3.

Taurŏmĕnĭum (Taurŏmĭnĭum), ii, n., a town in the eastern part of Sicily, now Taormina, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 88; Cic. Att. 16, 11, 7.
Called also Taurŏmĕnon, Ov. F. 4, 475.
Hence, Taurŏmĕnītā-nus, a, um (the o long in Sid. Carm. 9, 163), adj., of or belonging to Tauromenium, Tauromenian: civitas, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13: euripus, Plin. 2, 97, 100, § 219: Charybdis, Luc. 4, 461; cf. Sil. 14, 256: colles, Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25: vina, id. 14, 6, 8, § 66.
As subst.: Taurŏmĕnītāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tauromenium, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 5, 19, § 49.

† taurophthalmon, i, n., = ταυρόφθαλμον, the ox-eye, a kind of rosemary, App. Herb. 79.

Taurŏpōlos, i, f., an appellation of Diana, who, under this name, had a temple at Amphipolis, Liv. 44, 44, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.

Taurŭbŭlae, ārum, f., an island near Naples, Stat. S. 3, 1, 129.

* taurŭlus, i, m. dim. [taurus], a little bull, Petr. 39.

† 1. taurus, i, m. [ = Gr. ταῦρος; Sanscr. sthūrus; Goth. stiur; Germ. Stier], a bull, bullock, ox, steer.

  1. I. Lit., Varr. R. R. 2, 5; Col. 6, 20; Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 176; Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 66; Cic. Div. 2, 16, 36 sq.; Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Verg. G. 3, 212; Hor. S. 1, 3, 110 al.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A brazen bull made by Perillus, that Phalaris used as an instrument of torture, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 73; Ov. A. A. 1, 653; id. Tr. 3, 11, 41 sq.; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 89.
    2. B. The Bull, a constellation in the zodiac, Hyg. Astr. 2, 21; 3, 20; Verg. G. 1, 218; Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110.
    3. C. A small bird that imitates the lowing of oxen, perh. the bittern, Plin. 10, 42, 57, § 116.
    4. D. A kind of beetle: tauri vocantur scaribaei terrestres ricino similes, Plin. 30, 5, 12, § 39.
    5. E. A root of a tree, acc. to Quint. 8, 2, 13.
  3. F. The surface of the body between the anus and the privy parts, Gr. ὄρρος, Fest. s. v. solitaurilia, p. 293 Müll.; cf. Diom. p. 444 P.

2. Taurus, i, m., a high mountainrange in the south-eastern part of Asia Minor, now Allah Dagh, Bulghar Dagh, etc., Mel. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 97; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 8; Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 3; 15, 2, 2 al.: Tauri Pylae, a defile between Cappadocia and Cilicia, id. Att. 5, 20, 2.

3. Taurus, i, m., a Roman proper name: M. Taurus, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1.

† tautŏlŏgĭa, ae, f., = ταυτολογία, a repetition of the same meaning in different words, tautology, Mart. Cap. 5, § 535; Charis, p. 242 P.