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Stubera, ae, f., a city in Macedonia, Liv. 31, 39; 43, 18; 43, 19.

stŭdĕo, ŭi, 2 (perf. studīvi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5), v. a. and n. [perh. kindr. with σπεύδω, σπουδή, to speed, haste], to be eager or zealous, to take pains about, be diligent in, anxious about, busy one’s self with, strive after, to apply one’s self to or pursue some course of action, etc.; to desire, wish, etc. (very freq. and class.; cf.: operam do).

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol. (very rare), Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12: ut aequum fuerat atque ut studui, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 31: si qui in eā re studebat, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 11, 2, 5.
          2. (β) With acc. (rare; mostly with neutr. pronn. and adjj.): horum ille nihil egregie Studebat; et tamen omnia haec mediocriter, Ter. And. 1, 1, 32: eadem, id. Hec. 2, 1, 2: illud ipsum, quod studet, Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 6: perspexi ex tuis litteris, quod semper studui, me a te plurimi fieri, id. Fam. 7, 31, 1: lenonem perjurum ut perdas id studes, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 72; so, id, ut, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 2: id, ne, etc., Liv. 40, 56, 2: unum studetis Antonii conatum avertere a re publicā, Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18: hoc unum, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 120.
            With a defin. obj. (very rare): minus has res, Plaut. Mil. 5, 44: res Graecas, Titin. ap. Prisc. p. 629 P.
          3. (γ) With inf. or acc. with inf. (freq.): si merito meo referre studeant gratias, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27: verum audire ex te studeo, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42; cf.: de quo studeo ex te audire quod sentias, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17: scire studeo, quid egeris, id. Att. 13, 20, 3: studemus, nostris consiliis tutiorem vitam hominum reddere, id. Rep. 1, 2, 3: fieri studebam ejus prudentiā doctior, id. Lael. 1, 1: hanc acerbitate opprimere studuit, Nep. Dion, 6, 5: portum intrare, id. Chabr. 4, 2: ego me id facere studeo, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 52: si quisquam est, qui placere se studeat bonis Quam plurimis, Ter. Eun. prol. 1: illis gratum se videri studet, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 70: te sociam studeo scribendis versibus esse, Lucr. 1, 24: omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus, Sall. C. 1, 1: neque est, cur nunc studeam, has nuptias mutarier, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 51; cf.: rem ad arma deduci, Caes. B. C. 1, 4; Matt. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.
          4. (δ) With dat. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): somno, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 42: illi rei studet, id. As. 1, 3, 30; cf.: huic rei studendum, ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 14: iisdem rebus, Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: frustra aut pecuniae, aut imperiis, aut opibus, aut gloriae, id. Fin. 1, 18, 60: praeturae, id. Cael. 11, 26: virtuti, laudi, dignitati, id. Fin. 4, 24, 65: novis rebus, id. Cat. 1, 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 3, 10; 4, 5: agriculturae, id. ib. 6, 22; 6, 29: sacrificiis, id. ib. 6, 21: litteris, Cic. Brut. 93, 322; cf.: alicui scientiae, id. de Or. 1, 3, 10: alicui arti, id. Fam. 4, 3, 4: medicinae, Quint. 7, 2, 17: commodis communibus, Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 13: nomini, Flor. 3, 10, 19: lectis sternendis studuimus munditiisque apparandis, Plaut. Stich. 5, 3, 5: armamentis complicandis et componendis, id. Merc. 1, 2, 83: patrimonio augendo, Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 225: juri et legibus cognoscendis, id. Rep. 5, 3, 5: revocandis regibus, Flor. 1, 9, 5.
            * (ε) With gen.: parens, qui te nec amet nec studeat tui, troubles himself about you, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72 (Com. Rel. v. 201 Rib.).
            (ζ) With ut (rare): Caesar maxime studebat, ut partem oppidi excluderet, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 4: ut habeas, Cato, R. R. 5; Dig. 43, 10, 1; cf. with ne: ne solus esset, studui, Phaedr. 2, epil. 6: ne sint, Dig. 43, 10, 1.
            (η) In aliquid (rare): in quam rem studendum sit, Quint. 12, 6, 6: quidam pictores in id solum student, ut sciant, id. 10, 2, 6.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. To be zealous for any one, i. e. to be friendly, attached, or favorable to one, to favor him (syn. favere).
          1. (α) With dat.: ut studeat tibi, ut te adjuvet, Cic. Mur. 36, 76: homini nequam atque improbo, id. Cael. 4, 10: Catilinae, id. ib. 5, 12: cui (with favere), Ov. Am. 3, 2, 67: quibus (partibus) illi student, Auct. Her. 2, 27, 43: nonnullae civitates rebus Cassii studebant, Auct. B. Alex. 62, 2: rebus Atheniensium, Nep. Lys. 1 med.: petitioni alicujus, Quint. 11, 1, 69.
          2. (β) Absol.: neque studere neque odisse, Sall. C. 51, 13.
    2. B. To apply one’s self to learning, to study, be diligent in study (only post-Aug.; for which in Cic. litteris, arti, etc.; v. supra, I. A. δ): computamus annos, non quibus studuimus, sed quibus viximus, Quint. 12, 11, 19; 2, 7, 1: Demosthenes diligenter apud Andronicum studuit. id. 11, 3, 7: aliquem a proposito studendi fugare, id. 2, 2, 7: non est, quod post cibum studeas. Sen. Ep. 94, 20: duo, qui apud Chaldaeos studuisse se dicunt, id. Q. N. 7, 4, 1: negat enim te studere, Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2: studes an piscaris? id. ib. 2, 8, 1; 2, 13, 5; 5, 5, 18: solacium studendi, Suet. Tib. 61: videtur mihi inter Menenios et Appios studuisse, Tac. Or. 21; so id. ib. 32; 34.
      Subst.: stŭ-dens, entis, m., a diligent student: in habitu studentis, Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 5.

stŭdĭŏlum, i, n. dim. [studium].

  1. * I. A little study, a little piece of composition, M. Aurel. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5.
  2. II. A little study, i. e. a little room or closet to study in, Inscr. Murat. 937, 13.

stŭdĭōsē, adv., v. studiosus fin.

stŭdĭōsus, a, um, adj. [studium], eager, zealous, assiduous, anxious after any thing, fond or studious of any thing.

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) With gen. (most freq.): venandi aut pilae studiosi, Cic. Lael. 20, 74: nemorum caedisque ferinae, Ov. M. 7, 675: placendi, id. A. A. 3, 423: culinae aut Veneris, Hor. S. 2, 5, 80: florum, id. C. 3, 27, 29: dicendi, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; Quint. 2, 13, 1: eloquentiae, id. 5, 10, 122: summe omnium doctrinarum, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3: musices, Quint. 1, 10, 12: sapientiae, id. 3, prooem. § 2; 12, 1, 19: sermonis, id. 10, 1, 114: juris, occupied with, studious of, the law, Suet. Ner. 32.
            Comp.: ille restituendi mei quam retinendi studiosior, Cic. Att. 8, 3, 3.
            Sup.: munditiarum lautitiarumque studiosissimus, Suet. Caes. 46: aleae, Aur. Vict. Epit. 1.
          2. (β) With dat.: nisi adulterio, studiosus rei nulli aliae, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206: armorum quam conviviorum apparatibus studiosior, Just. 9, 8, 4.
          3. * (γ) With ad: studiosiores ad opus, Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 7.
          4. (δ) With in: in argento, Petr. 52, 1.
            (ε) Absol.: homo valde studiosus ac diligens, Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 98: putavi mihi suscipiendum laborem utilem studiosis, id. Opt. Gen. 5, 13: aliquid studioso animo inchoare, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 9.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Zealous for any one, i. e. partial, friendly, attached, devoted to him (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.): omnem omnibus studiosis ac fautoribus illius victoriae παρρησίαν eripui, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8: mei studiosos habeo Dyrrhachinos, id. ib. 3, 22, 4: sui, id. Brut. 16, 64: nobilitatis, id. Ac. 2, 40, 125: studiosa Pectora, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 91.
      Comp.: studiosior alterius partis, Suet. Tib. 11 med.: te studiosiorem in me colendo fore, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1.
      Sup.: hunc cum ejus studiosissimo Pammene, Cic. Or. 30, 105: existimationis meae studiosissimus, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 117: studiosissimum Platonis auditorem fuisse, Tac. Or. 32.
    2. B. Devoted to study or learning, learned, studious (not anteAug.; in Cic. always with gen.: litterarum, doctrinarum, etc.; v. supra, I. α, and cf. studeo, II. B.): quid studiosa cohors operum struit? Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 6: ipse est studiosus, litteratus, etiam disertus, Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 1: juvenis studiosus alioquin, Quint. 10, 3, 32.
      Transf., of things: studiosa disputatio, a learned disputation, Quint. 11, 1, 70: otium, Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11.
      Plur. subst.: stŭdĭōsi, ōrum, m., studious men, the learned, students, Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 13; Quint. 2, 10, 5; 10, 1, 45; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11; 4, 28, 2.
      Also, sing.: Stŭdĭōsus, i, m., The Student, the title of a work of the elder Pliny, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5.
      Hence, adv.: stŭ-dĭōsē, eagerly, zealously, anxiously, carefully, studiously (freq. and class.): texentem telam studiose offendimus, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 44: cum studiose pila luderet, Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253: libenter studioseque audire, id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 39; cf. Tac. Or. 2: aliquid studiose diligenterque curare, Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, § 7: studiose discunt, diligenter docentur, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1: aliquid investigare, id. Rep. 1, 11, 17: studiose cavendum est, id. Lael. 26, 99.
      Comp.: ego cum antea studiose commendabam Marcilium, tum multo nunc studiosius, quod, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 54; Quint. 3, 1, 15; 3, 6, 61; Ov. M. 5, 578; Nep. Ages. 3, 2; Col. 8, 11, 2; Just. 43, 3, 5 al.
      Sup.: aliquid studiosissime quaerere, Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Off. 3, 28, 101; Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; Suet. Calig. 54; id. Aug. 45.

stŭdĭum, ii, n. [studeo], a busying one’s self about or application to a thing; assiduity, zeal, eagerness, fondness, inclination, desire, exertion, endeavor, study: stu dium est animi assidua et vehemens ad aliquam rem applicata magnā cum voluntate occupatio, ut philosophiae, poëticae, geometriae, litterarum, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36.

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol., Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 900 P. (Praecepta, v. 4 Vahl.): tantum studium tamque multam operam in aliquā re ponere, Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 1: aliquid curare studio maximo, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 45: aliquem retrahere ab studio, Ter. Phorm. prol. 2; cf. id. ib. 18: studium semper assit, cunctatio absit, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: aliquid summo studio curāque discere, id. Fam. 4, 3, 3; so (with cura, industria, labor, diligentia, etc.) id. ib. 2, 6, 3; 10, 1, 3: alacritate ac studio uti, Caes. B. G. 4, 24: studio incendi, Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1: suo quisque studio maxime ducitur, id. Fin. 5, 2, 5; cf.: quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; Sall. C. 3, 3: sunt pueritiae certa studia, sunt ineuntis adulescentiae … sunt extrema quaedam studia senectutis, Cic. Sen. 20, 76 et saep.: non studio accusare sed officio defendere, with zeal, from inclination, id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91; cf.: laedere gaudes, et hoc studio pravus facis, Hor. S. 1, 5, 79.
            In late Lat. studio often means simply voluntarily, on purpose, intentionally: non studio sed fortuitu, Dig. 40, 5, 13.
          2. (β) With gen.: studiumque iteris reprime, Att. ap. Non. 485, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 627 Rib.): in pugnae studio quod dedita mens est, Lucr. 3, 647: Carthaginienses ad studium fallendi studio quaestus vocabantur, Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95: efferor studio patres vestros videndi, id. Sen. 23, 83: quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid atque discendi? id. Lael. 27, 104; so, discendi, id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 22, 36 al.: doctrinae, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46; id. Balb. 1, 3: dicendi, id. de Or. 2, 1, 1: scribendi, id. Arch. 3, 4: nandi, Tac. H. 4, 12: scribendi, Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 5: vitae studium, way of life, Afran. ap. Non. 498, 15: studium armorum a manibus ad oculos translatum, Plin. Pan. 13, 5.
          3. (γ) With ad (usu. to avoid multiplying genitives): ea res studia hominum adcendit ad consulatum mandandum Ciceroni, Sall. C. 23, 5: studium ad frugalitatem multitudines provocavit, Just. 20, 4, 7.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Zeal for any one; good-will, affection, attachment, devotion, favor, kindness, etc. (cf.: officium, favor): tibi profiteor atque polliceor eximium et singulare meum studium in omni genere officii, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: studium et favor, id. Rosc. Com. 10, 29; Suet. Vit. 15: studio ac suffragio suo viam sibi ad beneficium impetrandum munire, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17: Pompeius significat studium erga me non mediocre, id. Att. 2, 19, 4: suum infelix erga populum Romanum studium, Liv. 3, 56, 9; cf.: omne suum erga meam dignitatem studium, Cic. Dom. 56, 142: studium in aliquem habere, id. Inv. 2, 34, 104: Gaditani ab omni studio sensuque Poenorum mentes suas ad nostrum imperium nomenque flexerunt, id. Balb. 17, 39: studium suum in rempublicam, Sall. C. 49, 5: studium in populum Romanum, Tac. A. 4, 55: studiis odiisque carens, Luc. 2, 377: putabatur et Marius studia volgi amissurus, Sall. J. 84, 3: aliquid studio partium facere, party spirit, partisanship, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 35: for which simply studium: quo minus cupiditatis ac studii visa est oratio habere, eo plus auctoritatis habuit, Liv. 24, 28: senatus, in quo ipso erant studia, party efforts, Tac. A. 14, 42: ultio senatum in studia diduxerat, id. H. 4, 6.
    2. B. Application to learning or studying, study; in the plur., studies (very freq.; also in Cic.; cf.: studeo and studiosus): pabulum studii atque doctrinae, Cic. Sen. 14, 49: (eum) non solum naturā et moribus, verum etiam studio et doctrinā esse sapientem, id. Lael. 2, 6: semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines et tua ista studia placuerunt, id. Rep. 1, 17, 29: studia exercere, id. Fam. 9, 8, 2: studia Graecorum, id. Rep. 1, 18, 30: illum se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis dedisse, id. ib. 1, 10, 16: relinque te studiis, Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 7: studia ad voluptatem exercere, id. ib. 6, 8, 6: famam ex studiis petere, id. ib. 6, 11, 3; Tac. A. 16, 4; Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 18 (36), 1: studia graviora iracundis omittenda sunt, id. Ira, 3, 9, 1; cf.: studiis annos septem dedit, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 82: si non Intendes animum studiis, id. ib. 1, 2, 36: o seri studiorum! i. e. ὀψιμαθεῖς, id. S. 1, 10, 21.
      Hence,
      1. 2. Transf.
          1. (α) The fruits of study, works (post-class.): flagitante vulgo ut omnia sua studia publicaret, Tac. A. 16, 4.
          2. (β) A place for study, a study, school (late Lat.): philosophum (se egit) in omnibus studiis, templis, locis, Capitol. M. Aurel. 26; Cod. Th. 14, 9, 3.

stultē, adv., v. stultus fin.

stultĭfĭco, āre, v. a. [stultus-facio], to turn into foolishness (eccl. Lat.), Hier. Orig. in Jer. Hom. 5 fin.

* stultĭlŏquentĭa, ae, f. [stultiloquus], silly talk, babbling, stultiloquence, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 185.

* stultĭlŏquĭum, ii, n. [stultiloquus], silly talk, babbling, stultiloquy, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 25; Hier. Eph. 5, 3; Vulg. Eph. 5, 4.

stultĭlŏquus, a, um, adj. [stultusloquor], talking foolishly, babbling (anteand post-class. and very rare): tace stultiloque, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 45: ignoratio, Hilar. Trin. 10, 65.

stultĭtĭa, ae, f. [stultus], folly, foolishness, simplicity, silliness, fatuity, etc.: delirationem incredibilem! Non enim omnis error stultitia dicenda est, Cic. Div. 2, 43, 90: stultitia atque insipientia, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 5: inscitiae meae et stultitiae ignoscas, id. ib. 2, 6, 62: utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54: stultitiā ac temeritate vestrā Galliam prosternere, Caes. B. C. 7, 77: stultitia loquax, Cic. de Or. 3, 35, 142: num tibi aut stultitia accessit aut superat superbia? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77: stultitia atque arrogantia, Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. § 3: stultitia est, ei te esse tristem, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4; 3, 3, 1; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50; id. Stich. 1, 2, 82 al.; cf.: esse enim stultitiam nolle sumere, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: est proprium stultitiae aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum, etc., id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73: hujus istius facti stultitiam alia jam superior stultitia defendit, id. Rab. Post. 9, 24: stultitiae peccatum, id. de Or. 1, 37, 124 sq.: stultitiamque meum crimen debere vocari, Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 35: meae Stultitiam patiuntur opes, extravagance, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 29.
Esp. of folly, weakness, etc., in love: supplicatum venio ob stultitiam meam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 22: stultitiae adulescentiae ejus ignoscas, id. Most. 5, 2, 35; id. Trin. 2, 4, 106; Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 8.
Plur.: hominum ineptias ac stultitias, quae devorandae nobis sunt, non ferebat, Cic. Brut. 67, 236.

* stultĭvĭdus, a, um, adj. [stultusvideo], simple-sighted, that sees things in a foolish light, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 64.

stultus, a, um, adj. [root star-; v. stolidus], foolish, simple, silly, fatuous, etc. (cf.: insulsus, ineptus, insipiens, brutus).

  1. I. Lit.: stulti, stolidi, fatui, fungi, bardi, blenni, buccones, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 2; cf. Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 4: inepte stultus es, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 64: mulier stulta atque inscita, id. Men. 2, 3, 85: ex stultis insanos facere, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 23: deum qui non summum putet, stultum (existumat), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68: ego vero te non stultum ut saepe, non improbum, ut semper, sed dementem et insanum, rebus vincam necessariis, Cic. Par. 4, 1, 27: o stultos Camillos, Curios, Fabricios! id. Pis. 24, 58: auditor, id. Font. 6, 13: stultus est, qui cupida cupiens cupienter cupit, Enn. ap. Non. 91, 8: sicut ego feci stultus! contrivi diem, Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 4: ut vel non stultus quasi stulte cum sale dicat aliquid, Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 274: quos ait Caecilius comicos, stultos senes, hos significat credulos, obliviosos, dissolutos, id. Sen. 11, 36; cf. id. Lael. 26, 100: nisi sis stultior stultissimo, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 26: stultior stulto fuisti, id. Curc. 4, 3, 19.
    As subst.: stultus, i, m., a fool: stulto intellegens quid interest! Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 1; id. Ad. 4, 7, 6: stultorum plena sunt omnia, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4: lux stultorum festa, Ov. F. 2, 513; cf.: stultorum feriae appellabantur Quirinalia, quod eo die sacrificabant hi, qui solenni die aut non potuerunt rem divinam facere aut ignoraverunt, Fest. p. 316 Müll.
  2. II. Transf., of things concrete and abstract: nulla est tam stulta civitas, etc., Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28: stultā ac barbarā arrogantiā elati, Caes. B. C. 3, 59: cogitationes, Hirt. B. G. 8, 10, 4: laetitia, Sall. C. 51, 31: levitas, Phaedr. 5, 7, 3: gloria, id. 3, 17, 12: dies, i. e. foolishly spent, Tib. 1, 4, 34; cf. vita, Sen. Ep. 15, 10: ignes, Ov. M. 9, 746: consilium stultissimum, Liv. 45, 23, 11: opes, Mart. 2, 16, 4: labor, id. 2, 86, 10: quod cavere possis, stultum admittere est, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23: quid autem stultius quam, etc., Cic. Lael. 15, 55; cf. id. Rab. Post. 8, 22 (v. in the foll.).
    Hence, adv.: stultē, foolishly, sillily: stulte facere, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 30: dupliciter stulte dicunt, Varr. L. L. 9, § 45 Müll.
    Comp.: quid stultius, quam, etc., Cic. Rab. Post. 8, 22: stultius atque intemperantius, Liv. 30, 13, 14.
    Sup.: haec et dicuntur et creduntur stultissime, Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 70.

stūpa, ae, v. stuppa.

stŭpĕ-făcĭo, fēci, factum, 3, v. a. [stupeo], to make stupid or senseless, to benumb, deaden, stun, stupefy (rare; usu. in the part. perf.).

        1. (α) In verb. fin.: privatos luctus stupefecit publicus pavor, Liv. 5, 39; Sil. 9, 122.
          Pass.: ut nostro stupefiat Cynthia versu, Prop. 2, 13 (3, 4), 7.
        2. (β) In part. perf., stupefied, stunned: quem stupefacti dicentem intuentur? * Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53: spectas tuam stupefacta figuram, Ov. H. 14, 97: ingenti motu stupefactus aquarum, Verg. G. 4, 365; Sen. Thyest. 547; Luc. 4, 633; Val. Fl. 6, 228.

stŭpĕfīo, factus, v. stupefacio.

stŭpeo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [Sanscr. stūpas, cumulus; Gr. στύπος; Lat. stipes, a block, stump; cf. στείβω].

  1. I. Neutr., to be struck senseless, to be stunned, benumbed; to be struck aghast, to be astonished, astounded, amazed, confounded, stupefied, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. torpeo): animus lassus curā confectus stupet, Ter. And. 2, 1, 4: cum hic etiam tum semisomnus, stupri plenus stuperet, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95: torpescunt scorpiones aconiti tactu stupentque pallentes, Plin. 27, 2, 2, § 6: haec cum loqueris, nos barones stupemus, Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 77; cf.: quae cum intuerer stupens, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18: dum stupet obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, Verg. A. 1, 495: admiror, stupeo, Mart. 5, 63, 3: adhuc in oppidis coartatus et stupens, Cic. Att. 7, 10: vigiles attoniti et stupentibus similes, Curt. 8, 2, 3.
    With gen.: tribuni capti et stupentes animi, Liv. 6, 38.
          1. (β) With abl. or in with abl.: stupere gaudio Graecus, Cael. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 58: exspectatione stupere, Liv. 8, 13, 17: novitate, Quint. 12, 6, 5: carminibus stupens, Hor. C. 2, 13, 33: stupet Albius aere, id. S. 1, 4, 28: laetitiā, Sen. Herc. Fur. 621: rex subito malo, Flor. 2, 12: qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus, Hor. S. 1, 6, 17: stupet in Turno, Verg. A. 10, 446.
          2. (γ) With ad: mater ad auditas stupuit voces, Ov. M. 5, 509: et stupet ad raptus Tyndaris ipsa tuos, Mart. 12, 52, 6: ad supervacua, Sen. Ep. 87, 5: ad tam saevam dominationem, Just. 26, 1, 8.
    1. B. Transf., of inanimate or abstract things, to be benumbed or stiffened, to be brought to a stand-still, to stop (mostly poet.; not in Cic.): multum refert, a fonte bibatur Qui fluit, an pigro quae stupet unda lacu, Mart. 9, 100, 10: flumina brumā, Val. Fl. 5, 603: undae, Sen. Herc. Fur. 763; cf.: ad frigus stupet (vinum), opp. gelascit, Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 132: stupuitque Ixionis orbis, Ov. M. 10, 42: ignavo stupuerunt verba palato, id. Am. 2, 6, 47: stupente ita seditione, Liv. 28, 25.
  2. II. Act., to be astonished or amazed at, to wonder at any thing (poet.; cf. admiror): pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae, Verg. A. 2, 31: omnia dum stupet, Val. Fl. 5, 96: regis delicias, Mart. 12, 15, 4: dum omnia stupeo, Petr. 29 al.
    Hence, part. fut. pass.: stŭpendus, a, um, wonderful, astonishing, amazing, stupendous: virtutibus stupendus, Val. Max. 5, 7, 1: virtutum stupenda penetralia, Nazar. Pan. Const. 6, § 1.

stŭpesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [stupeo], to grow astonished, become amazed, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; Vulg. Ezech. 32, 10.

stūpĕus, a, um, v. stuppeus.

stŭpĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [stupidus], senselessness, dullness, stupidity (very rare), Att. ap. Non. 226, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 287 Rib.): incredibilis, * Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 80.

stŭpĭdo, āre, v. a. [stupidus], to confound, amaze, astonish (post-class.): pavidum vulgus, Mart. Cap. 6, § 572; 7, § 725.

stŭpĭdus, a, um, adj. [stupeo], struck senseless, confounded, amazed.

  1. I. Lit. (rare but class.): stupida sine animo asto, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 79: quid stas stupida? quid taces? id. Ep. 4, 2, 13: stupidi timore obmutuerunt, Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65: Echionis tabula te stupidum detinet, Cic. Par. 5, 2, 37; cf.: populus studio stupidus, Ter. Hec. prol. 4.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Senseless, dull, stupid, foolish, stolid: Zopyrus physiognomon stupidum esse Socratem dixit et bardum, Cic. Fat. 5, 10: maritus, Mart. 11, 7, 1; cf. Capitol. M. Aur. 29; Juv. 8, 197; Arn. 7, 239.
      Sup.: homo, Varr. ap. Non. 400, 12; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 26.
    2. B. Of things: colles, i. e. not susceptible of tillage, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 39.
      Adv. seems not to occur.

stŭpor, ōris, m. [stupeo],

  1. I. numbness; dulness, insensibility, stupidity, stupor, stupefaction; astonishment, wonder, amazement (class.; syn. torpor): stupor in corpore, Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12: sensūs stupor, id. Phil. 2, 45, 115: stupor obstitit lacrimis, Ov. P. 1, 2, 29; cf.: stupor omnium animos tenet. Liv. 9, 2: oculos stupor urget inertes, Verg. G. 3, 523: stupor cordis, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16: stupor debilitasque linguae, id. Pis. 1, 1: tantus te stupor oppressit, ut, etc., id. Phil. 2, 26, 65; cf.: cum stupor silentiumque ceteros patrum defixisset, Liv. 6, 40: stupor omnes et admiratio incessit, unde tam subitum bellum, Just. 22, 6 fin.; 12, 7; Arn. 1, 28; Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 344.
  2. II. Esp., dulness, stupidity, stolidity: quae mandata! quā adrogantiā! Quo stupore! Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24: stuporem hominis, vel dicam pecudis, attendite … Sit in verbis tuis hic stupor: quanto in rebus sententiisque major, id. ib. 2, 12, 30: Quis stupor hic, Menelae, fuit? Ov. A. A. 2, 361.
    Poet., for stupidus, a fool, simpleton: talis iste meus stupor nil videt, nihil audit, Cat. 17, 21; cf.: tum demum ingemuit corvi deceptus stupor, Phaedr. 1, 13, 12.

* stŭpōrātus, a, um, adj. [stupor], regarded with amazement or wonder: gloria, Tert. Cult. Fem. 3.

† stuppa (less correctly stūpa, stī-pa), ae, f., = στύππη (στύπη), the coarse part of flax, tow, hards, oakum, Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 17; Varr. ap. Gell. 17, 3, 4; Lucr. 6, 880; Caes. B. C. 3, 101; Liv. 21, 8, 10; Verg. A. 5, 682; Pers. 5, 135; cf. Fest. p. 317 Müll.

* stuppārĭus (stūpār-), a, um, adj. [stuppa], of or belonging to tow, tow-: malleus, Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 17.

stuppĕus (stūpĕus), a, um, adj. [stuppa], made or consisting of tow: vincula, Verg. A. 2, 236: retinacula, Ov. M. 14, 547: verbera fundae, Verg. G. 1, 309: flamma, burning tow, id. A. 8, 694: messis, i. e. flax, Grat. Cyn. 36.

stū̆prātor, ōris, m. [stupro], a defiler, debaucher, ravisher (post-Aug.), Quint. 4, 2, 69; 7, 4, 42; Suet. Dom. 8; Sen. Hippol. 896; App. M. 9, p. 229, 11.

* stū̆prē, adv. [stuprum], shamefully: foede stupreque castigor cottidie, Neleus ap. Fest. s. v. stuprum, p. 317 Müll.

stū̆pro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [stuprum], to defile.

  1. I. In gen. (very rare): pulvinar, Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 33: stuprandis moribus, Tert. Apol. 6.
  2. II. In partic., to dishonor by unchastity, to debauch, deflour, ravish, stuprate (class.): qui illam stupravit noctu, Plaut. Aul. prol. 36: ne stupraretur (filia), Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 47: Lucretia vi stuprata, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66; Liv. 8, 22, 3: simillimi feminis mares stuprati et constupratores, Liv. 39, 15, 9; cf.: ingenuum stupravit et stupratus se suspendit, Quint. 4, 2, 69.

* stū̆prōsus, a, um, adj. [stuprum], unchaste, debauched, corrupt: mens, Val. Max. 6, 1, n. 8.

stū̆prum, i, n., defilement, dishonor, disgrace.

  1. I. In gen. (so only ante-class.): stuprum pro turpitudine antiquos dixisse apparet in Appii sententiis: qui animi compotem esse, ne quid fraudis stuprique ferocia pariat. Naevius: seseque ii perire mavolunt ibidem, quam cum stupro redire ad suos populares, Fest. p. 317 Müll.
  2. II. In partic., dishonor, disgrace by unchastity of any sort, debauchery, lewdness, violation, always implying the infliction of dishonor on the subject, whether male or female, not used of dealings with prostitutes, etc. (opp. pudicitia; cf.: adulterium, incestum; class.): conjugem inlexe in stuprum, Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 68 (Trag. Rel. v. 205 Rib.): ubi quis pudenda queritur, ut stuprum, Quint. 11, 1, 84: probri, stupri, dedecoris argutam, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 2; 3, 2, 17: stupra et corruptelae et adulteria, incesta denique, Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75: quod nefarium stuprum non per illum (factum)? id. Cat. 2, 4, 7: stupri plenus, id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: cum stuprum Bonae Deae pulvinaribus intulisset, id. Pis. 39, 95; cf.: stuprum reginae intulit, id. Off. 3, 9, 38; and: quamcumque in domum stuprum intulerint, id. Par. 3, 2, 23: (eum) cum germanā sorore nefarium stuprum fecisse, id. Mil. 27, 73: erat ei cum Fulviā stupri vetus consuetudo, Sall. C. 23, 3: qui primo ingentis sumptus stupro corporis toleraverant, id. ib. 24, 3: rapere ad stuprum virgines matronasque, id. ap. Non. 456, 15: filiae stupro violatae, Tac. A. 14, 31; 14, 2; id. H. 4, 44: nullis polluitur casta domus stupris, Hor. C. 4, 5, 21: stupri mercede, Ov. M. 2, 529: auctor stupri tui, id. A. A. 1, 704: matronas ad populum stupri damnatas pecuniā multavit, Liv. 10, 31, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.; 32, 21; 39, 19; Quint. 11, 1, 84; Suet. Calig. 24; Val. Max. 6, 1, 10: stuprum saevi pati tyranni, Sen. Herc. Oet. 302: Lacedaemonii ipsi omnia concedunt in amore juvenum, praeter stuprum, Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4; Just. 8, 6, 6.
    Of animals, Col. 7, 6, 3.
    Poet., transf., for the person committing it: una Clytemnestrae stuprum vehit, i. e. the paramour, Prop. 4 (5), 7, 57.

Stura, ae, m., a river of Cisalpine Gaul, that flows into the Po near Turin, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 118.

Sturii, ōrum, m., a German tribe, who held an island in the Rhine, Plin. 4, 15, 29, § 101.

Sturium, ii, n., an island in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Gaul, Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 79.

Sturnīni, ōrum, m., a people of Calabria, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

sturnīnus, a, um, adj. [sturnus], speckled, like a starling: equi, Hier. in Isa. 66, 20.

sturnus, i, m. [Gr. ψάρ; mod. Gr. ψαρόνι; Germ. star; Engl. star-ling], a starling or stare: Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.; Plin. 10, 24, 35, § 72; 18, 17, 45, § 160; 10, 42, 59, § 120; Mart. 9, 55, 7; Stat. S. 2, 4, 18; Dig. 19, 2, 15.