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sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [Sanscr. samā, together; Gr. ἅμα, ομοῖος; Lat. simul, simulare; cf. simia], like, resembling, similar (cf. par); constr. with gen. (so usu. in ante-Aug. Lat.), with dat. (rare in Cic., except with neuter nouns), with inter, atque, and absol.

        1. (α) With gen. (mostly ante-Aug.; so always in Plaut. and Ter.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7; but in Cic. almost exclusively of living beings; yet always veri simile; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12); of persons: similes avorum, Lucr. 4, 1218: nimis simili’st mei, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 286; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 226: ecquid mei similist (puer)? id. Truc. 2, 6, 24 Speng.: omnis inveniri similis tui vis, id. Capt. 3, 4, 50 Brix: ita est istaec (amica) hujus similis nostrae tua, id. Mil. 2, 6, 39: alia ejus similis, id. ib. 2, 5, 38: similis est Sagaristionis, id. Pers. 1, 1, 14: hominis similis, Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; Val. Max. 9, 14, 2: symbolum ejus similem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 55: sui similem speciem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34: sui similis res, Lucr. 5, 830: volo me patris mei similem, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 53: patris similem esse. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30: non tam potuit patris similis esse, quam ille fuerat sui, id. Off. 1, 33, 121: quaererem ex eo, cujus suorum similis fuisset Africani fratris nepos; facie vel patris, vitā omnium perditorum ita similis, ut esset facile deterrimus; cujus etiam similis P. Crassi nepos, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81: tui similis est probe, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 18: est similis majorum suorum, id. Ad. 3, 3, 57: haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum, id. Eun. 2, 3, 22: haud parasitorum aliorum simil’est, Naev. ap. Non. 224, 26: virum non similem furis hujus, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 91: domini similis es, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 43: in magistratu privatorum similes, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67: multi Gnathonum similes cum sint, id. Lael. 25, 94: plures Romuli quam Numae similes reges, Liv. 1, 20: ut sis tu similis Coeli Byrrhique latronum, Non ego sim Capri neque Sulci, Hor. S. 1, 4, 69 et saep.: deos esse tui similes putas? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; so, tui, id. Rud. 2, 6, 16; Liv. 22, 39: nostri similes, id. 26, 50: sui similis, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7; cf.: alterum similem sui quaerere, Cic. Lael. 22, 82: nihil est appetentius similium sui quam natura, id. ib. 14, 50: quam uterque est similis sui! Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 16: tui similem esse, Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 6: sui similis gens, Tac. G. 4.
          Of things: tam similem quam lacte lactist (i. e. lactis est, Brix ad loc.), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 85: haec atque hujus similia alia damna, id. ib. 3, 1, 105: perpulchra credo dona aut nostri similia, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 15 Umpfenb.: quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio, Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56: si fabularum similia didicimus, id. ib.: paupertatem, ignominiam, similia horum, id. Fin. 3, 15, 51: similes meorum versus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 3: nonne hoc monstri simile’st? Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43; so, monstri, id. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 61: prodigii, Cic. Lig. 4, 11: narrationem veri similem, id. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf. Cels. ap. Cuint. 2, 15, 32: simile veri, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1: quae similia veri sint, Liv. 5, 21 Drak. N. cr.; v. verus, and cf. also in the foll.
          In comparing persons with things: hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere … Novarum aedium esse arbitror similem ego hominem, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6 sq.: amator simil’est oppidi hostilis, id. Truc. 1, 2, 68: meretricem esse similem sentis condecet, id. ib. 2, 1, 16: tu pueri pausilli simili’es, Nov. ap. Non. 224, 28: equi te Esse feri similem dico, Hor. S. 1, 5, 57.
          Comp.: hominem hominis similiorem numquam vid: ego alterum, Neque aqua aquae, neque lac test lactis usquam similius, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 29 sq. Brix ad loc.: Rhodii Atticorum similiores, Cic. Brut. 13, 52.
          Sup.: hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimu’st, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 63; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 72: meretrix fortunati oppidi, id. Cist. 1, 1, 82: tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo, Ov. M. 15, 201: simillima societas hereditatis, Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 55: quid esset simillimum veri, id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11.
        2. (β) With dat. (of both persons and things; freq., and in post-Aug. writers almost always; not in Plaut. or Ter. acc. to Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 570 sq.; 579 sq.; but contra, v. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. v. 595): simia quam similis nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.): patri suo, Cat. 61, 221; cf.: similis quidem (genitos) alios avo et ex geminis quoque alterum patri, alterum matri, annoque post genitum majori similem fuisse ut geminum. Quasdam sibi similis semper parere, quasdam viro, quasdam nulli, quasdam feminam patri, marem sibi, Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 51: similis malo est, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 36: Terentio non similem dices quempiam, Afran. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.: filius patri similis, Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12 Madv. N. cr.: sit suo similis patri, Cat. 61, 217: patri, Ov. M. 6, 622: parentibus ac majoribus suis, Quint. 5, 10, 24: par similisque ceteris, Sall. C. 14, 4: huic in hoc similis, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118: similes Icilio, Liv. 3, 65: hinnuleo, Hor. C. 1, 23, 1: puro te similem vespero petit Rhode, id. ib. 3, 19, 26: multum similis metuenti, id. S. 2, 5, 92: fluctuanti, Liv. 6, 13 Drak.: flenti, Ov. M. 3, 652: cognoscenti, id. ib. 2, 501: roganti, id. ib. 3, 240: cogitantibus et dubitantibus, Quint. 11, 2, 47: ediscenti, id. 11, 2, 46: legenti, id. 11, 2, 32 et saep.
          Of things: res similis nostris rebus, Lucr. 5, 435: quid simile habet epistula aut judicio aut contioni? Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1: quid illi simile bello fuit? Caes. B. G. 7, 77: qui non Fescennino versu (i. e. versui) similem jaciebant, Liv. 7, 2 Drak. N. cr.: argumentum vero simile comoediae, Quint. 2, 4, 2; cf.: similia veris erant, Liv. 10, 20, 5: partim vera partim mixta eoque similia veris, id. 29, 20, 1; 8, 20, 5: cui vitio simile sit schema, ut, etc., Quint. 9, 3, 10: primus (iambus) ad extremum similis sibi, Hor. A. P. 254: versus sibi, Quint. 9, 4, 60: oratio fuit precibus quam jurgio similis, similior, Liv. 3, 40 Drak. N. cr.
          Comp.:           flunt omnia castris quam urbi similiora, Liv. 4, 31 fin.: similius vero facit ipsos in amicitiam redisse, id. 8, 26, 6; 10, 26, 13; Quint. 3, 8, 31.
          Sup.: puro simillimus amni, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120: media simillima veris sunt, Liv. 26, 49: simillimum id vero fecit, id. 44, 30, 4.
        3. (γ) With gen. and dat. together: tum similes matrum materno semine fiunt, Ut patribus patrio, Lucr. 4, 1211: neque lac lacti magis est simile quam ille ego similis est mei, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 54 Ussing ad loc.: deos hominum quam homines deorum, hoc illi, illud huic, Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90: itaque plectri similem linguam nostri solent dicere, chordarum dentis, naris cornibus iis, qui, etc., id. ib. 2, 59, 149; cf. under ε.
        4. (δ) In a doubtful construction. On account of the form: fugae similis profectio, Caes. B. G. 5, 47; 6, 7; 7, 43 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13 et saep.
          Because of an unsettled reading: similem Caesaris (or Caesari), Suet. Caes. 52.
          (ε) With in and acc.: in speciem Junonis, App. M. 10, p. 253 fin.
          (ζ) With inter: homines inter se cum formā tum moribus similes, Cic. Clu. 16, 46; so, homines inter se (opp. differentes), Quint. 12, 10, 22: (catulos) Inter se similes, Ov. M. 13, 835: quae sunt inter se similia, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206: res inter se similes, Quint. 9, 2, 51.
          In a twofold construction: nihil est unum uni tam simile, tam par, quam omnes inter nosmetipsos sumus, Cic. Leg. 1, 10, 29: sunt inter se similia, sed non etiam prioribus, Quint. 9, 3, 49.
          (η) With atque (ac), et, ut si, tamquam si: si quid docere vis, aliquid ab isto simile in aestimatione atque a ceteris esse factum, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 193: ut simili ratione atque ipse fecerit suas injurias persequantur, Caes. B. G. 7, 38 fin.: nec similem habeat vultum, et si ampullam perdidisset, Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31; v. Madv. ad h. l.: similes sunt, ut si qui dicant, etc., id. Sen. 6, 17: similes sunt di, tamquam si Poeni, etc., id. Div. 2, 64, 131.
          (θ) Absol.: decet facta moresque hujus habere me similes, Plaut. Am 1, 1, 114: ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aeque sumi, quam haec est atque ista, id. Mil. 2, 6, 68 Brix ad loc.: ita formā simili pueri (gemini), ut, etc., id. Men. prol. 19: meus est (puer), nimium quidem simili’st, id. Truc. 2, 6, 26: laudantur simili prole puerperae, i. e. that look like their fathers, Hor. C. 4, 5, 23: ecce similia omnia, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 34: par est avaritia, similis improbitas, Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; but cf., in a more restricted sense: similia omnia magis quam paria, Liv. 45, 43: ad quam (amicitiam) se similis animus applicet, Cic. Lael. 14, 48: sicut erat in simili causā antea factum, id. Rep. 2, 37, 63: quod in simili culpā versabantur, Caes. B. C. 3, 110: simili ratione, id. B. G. 7, 4; id. B. C. 3, 76 al.: similem esse te volo quomodo filium, non quomodo imaginem, Sen. Ep. 84, 8: ecce aliud simile, dissimile, Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 76: si quis Aristotelem similem emit, a likeness of Aristotle, Juv. 2, 6; cf.: tabella, in quā tam similem videbis Issam, ut sit tam similis sibi nec ipsa, Mart. 1, 109, 19 sq.; 7, 87, 4: te similem, your likeness, Stat. S. 3, 3, 201; 5, 1, 1.
          Poet., adverb. (= similiter): similis medios Juturna per hostīs Fertur, Verg. A. 12, 477.
          Comp.: similiorem mulierem Magisque eandem non reor deos facere posse, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 48: nihil hoc simile est similius, id. Am. 1, 1, 290.
          Sup.: simillimos dicito esse, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91.
          Hence, subst.: sĭmĭle, is, n.
    1. 1. A comparison, likeness, parallel case, or example: quo facilius res perspici possit hoc simile ponitur, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54: utuntur simili, id. ib. 3, 14, 46: nec improbum sit pro simili accipi, quod plus sit, Quint. 7, 1, 61: qui memoriam ab aliquo simili transferunt ad id, quod, etc., id. 11, 2, 30 et saep.: ignavi et erepti et similia, id. 1, 5, 69; 1, 6, 2; 2, 4, 26; 3, 5, 16 et saep.; cf.: latitatio, metus, similia, id. 7, 2, 46: de philosophiā, de republicā, similibus, id. 9, 4, 19; 11, 3, 153.
    2. 2. Resemblance, simile et majus est et par et minus, Quint. 7, 8, 7.
      Adv. in two forms, simulter (ante-class.) and similiter (class.).
      1. * a. sĭmulter, in like manner, similarly: exossabo ego illum simulter itidem ut muraenam coquos, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 148 (cited ap. Non. 170, 25: simulter pro similiter); v. Ritschl ad Plaut. 1. 1.
      2. b. sĭmĭlĭter, in like manner, similarly (syn. pariter).
        1. (α) Absol. (so most freq.): ecquid adsimulo similiter? Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 37: similiter atque uno modo, Cic. Brut. 66, 233: illa quae similiter desinunt aut quae cadunt similiter, id. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Tusc. 4, 11, 25: si non similiter semper ingrediamur in argumentationem, id. Inv. 1, 41, 76: addunt etiam C. Marium … Similiter vos, cum, etc., id. Ac. 2, 5, 14: quorum non similiter fides est nec justitia laudata, id. Rep. 2, 36, 61 et saep.
          Comp.: scurram multo similius imitatum, more perfectly or naturally, Phaedr. 5, 5, 34.
          Sup.: ut, etc. … simillime, etc., just so, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.
        2. (β) With atque (ac), et, ut si: neque vero illum similiter, atque ipse eram, commotum esse vidi, Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 9; id. Ac. 2, 23, 72; Quint. 3, 7, 26: similiter facis, ac si me roges, cur, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 8: similiter facere eos … ut si nautae certarent, etc., id. Off. 1, 25, 87: similiter facit ut si posse putet, id. Tusc. 4, 18, 41: similiter et si dicat, etc., id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; v. Madv. ad h. l.
          Sup.: hic excipit Pompeium, simillime atque ut illā lege Glaucippus excipitur, Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 13.
        3. * (γ) With dat.: similiter his, etc., Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕ-mŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. ἅμα, ὅμος]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, unā, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.

  1. I. Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
      1. 1. After a plural subject: hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti, Plaut. Rud. prol. 72: multa concurrunt simul, Ter. And. 3, 2, 31: (duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14: Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies, id. Rep. 1, 8, 13: tres simul soles effulserunt, Liv. 41, 21 fin.: tria simul agmina populabantur Indos, Curt. 9, 10, 7: duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt, Quint. 11, 1, 69: Othonem multa simul exstimulabant, Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.
        Sometimes the logical subject is understood: multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse, Cic. Lael. 19, 67.
        Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood: quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.
      2. 2. With a plur. object: (Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8: duas res simul nunc agere decretum’st mihi, Plaut. Merc. prol. 1: si duos consules simul ex Italiā ejectos … res publica tenere potuisset, Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29: ambo cum simul conspicimus, Liv. 40, 46 init.: simul omnibus portis erupit, id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.
        So with singular implying a plural: tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit, Liv. 6, 4, 6: totam simul causam ponit ante oculos, Quint. 6, 1, 1.
        After an adverb. implying a plural noun: igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt, Sall. J. 101, 1.
      3. 3. Referring to plural attributes: omnium simul rerum … discrimine proposito, Liv. 6, 35, 6: multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt, id. 43, 6, 1.
      4. 4. Referring to an attributive participle understood: multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium), Liv. 44, 45: trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum), id. 6, 4, 1: inter duo simul bella, id. 7, 27, 7: tot simul malis victi, Curt. 4, 4, 12.
  2. II. Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = unā cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with: novi (illum) cum Calchā semul, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48: jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul, id. Most. 4, 2, 26: qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul? id. Am. 2, 2, 122: me misisti ad portum cum luci semul, id. Stich. 2, 2, 40: quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul, Ter. And. 3, 3, 7: simul consilium cum re amīsti? id. Eun. 2, 2, 10: Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras, Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100: Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit, id. Brut. 64, 230: cum corporibus simul animos interire, id. Lael. 4, 13: vobiscum simul considerantis, id. Rep. 1, 46, 70: testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio, id. Mil. 18, 48: simul cum lege Aeliā magistratum iniit, id. Att. 1, 16, 13: simul cum lumine pandit, id. Arat. 704 (452): simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna, Sall. C. 2, 5: cum animā simul, id. ib. 33, 4: simul cum occasu solis, id. J. 91, 2: simul cum dono designavit templi finis, Liv. 1, 10, 5: si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloriā rei gestae extinxisset, id. 8, 31, 7: ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audaciā hosti, id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.
    Strengthened by una: quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum unā, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.
    With ellipsis of mecum: qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.
    Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.: in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)? Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86: cum simul P. Rutilius venisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17: hos qui simul erant missi, fallere, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet, Liv. 5, 13, 13: extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se), Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.
    Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. (poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. ἅμα with dat.): simul his, Hor. S. 1, 10, 86: quippe simul nobis habitat, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29: his simul, Sil. 3, 268: Magnetibus simul transmissi, Tac. A. 4, 55: quindecimviri septemviris simul, id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
  3. III. Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described: juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17: quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino), id. Pers. 2, 1, 3: quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat, id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.: ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus, id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.: domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis), Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
  4. IV. Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both … and (at once), together.
      1. 1. Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
        1. a. Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et … et (freq. in the histt.): semul flere sorbereque haud facile est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104: Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est, Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5: dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt, Liv. 40, 16 init.: quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta, id. 6, 27, 9: Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutelā esse, id. 41, 6 fin.: Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt, id. 8, 19, 11: simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt, id. 10, 40, 1: eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus, id. 6, 11, 3: obruit animum simul luctus metusque, id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6: simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque, Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.
          So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23; or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.
        2. b. Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.): nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40: faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul, id. Aul. 3, 6, 42: ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur, Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.
        3. c. Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.): convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet, Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3: oculis simul ac mente turbatum, Liv. 7, 26, 5: quod ubi auditum simul visumque est, id. 8, 39, 7: pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum, Curt. 3, 5, 2: terrestri simul navalique clade, id. 4, 3, 14: vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur, Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5: qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter, Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.
          In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as: populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna … deligere constitui, Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.
        4. d. Placed before the last term.
          1. (α) Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also: Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat, Sall. J. 97, 1: Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum, id. ib. 73, 2: Marius hortandi causā, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit, id. ib. 84, 5: milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes, id. ib. 92, 2: Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret, Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.
          2. (β) Simulque (rare): ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta, Curt. 8, 10, 25.
          3. (γ) Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.): Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc., Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3: Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja, Cic. Arat. 270 (36): inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti, id. ib. 342 (101): ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet, Tac. H. 2, 83.
        5. e. Inserted in the last term (poet.): memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae, Hor. C. 1, 36, 9; interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus, id. S. 1, 5, 32.
      2. 2. Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
        1. a. Et simul or simulque: contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34: eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum, i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65: quod … et simul quia, Lucr. 5, 1181: ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo … et simul ecquae sit finis, etc., id. 5, 1213: sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur … et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc., Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28: ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc., id. Fam. 7, 8, 1: emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc., id. Arat. 713 (460): postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri, Sall. J. 52, 6: equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt, Liv. 3, 62, 8: tum rigere omnibus corpora … et simul lassitudine et … fame etiam deficere, id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.
        2. b. Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence: salve! simul autem vale! Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam; simul enim augebimus diligentiam, Cic. Marc. 7, 22.
        3. c. Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et … et, but also by a single copulative conjunction: simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum, Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5: illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit, id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60: simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare, Sall. J. 91, 1: nullus portus erat qui simul et omnīs onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet, Liv. 32, 18, 3: simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus … concurrerunt, id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.
      3. 3. Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions: Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2: tantum faciam ut notam apponam … et simul significem, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2: quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae, id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.
        If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
  5. V. Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
      1. 1. Simul alone: ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77: sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter, id. Mil. 4, 4, 1: alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10: hoc proprium virtutis existimant … simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur, Caes. B. G. 6, 23: Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt … simul in Campanos stimulabat ira, Liv. 7, 32, 3: tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc., id. 5, 21, 3.
      2. 2. More freq. simul et (= etiam): quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse … simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55: nolite committere ut in re tam inveteratā quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc., Cic. Balb. 28, 65: demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum, id. Att. 1, 1, 4: legati jam reverterant … simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc., Liv. 41, 19 med.: ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet, id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
  6. VI. Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.; freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124: omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut … pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur, Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republicā procul esse volebat; simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant, Sall. C. 19, 2: cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere, id. J. 4, 2: nihil horum … discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc., Liv. 39, 47: a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est, Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, 70; 2, 15.
    So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod … opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit, Sall. C. 16, 4: hi, quod res in invidiā erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati, id. J. 25, 5: ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum … populari agrum jussit, Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3: equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent, Curt. 4, 10, 11: Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc., Tac. H. 1, 83 init.: committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illā parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
  7. VII. Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul … simul = ἅμα μὲν … ἅμα δέ), partly … partly; not only … but at the same time (not anteAug.).
      1. 1. With independent clauses: simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitūs ad populandum agrum Romanum missa, Liv. 3, 5, 2: accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant, id. 21, 26, 7: ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent, id. 9, 25, 8: simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc., Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.
      2. 2. With dependent clauses: venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent, Liv. 39, 46 fin.: Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare, id. 44, 13 init.: consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret, id. 44, 8, 1: simul questi … simul nuntiantes, id. 42, 46: plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne … alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.
        Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant, Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.
      3. 3. Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases: Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causā, simul ut de induciis impetrarent, Caes. B. G. 4, 13: Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causā … in Maedicam ducere pergit, Liv. 40, 21, 1.
      4. 4. Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate: cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit, Liv. 2, 10, 10: ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos, id. 42, 52 med.: et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est, id. 5, 10, 3: increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam, id. 2, 65, 4: tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur, id. 21, 33, 5: inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem, id. 41, 11: simul a mari, simul a terrā ingredienti, id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
  8. VIII. Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word, sĭmŭlac, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
      1. 1. Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Müll.: Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73: non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51: si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset, id. Caecil. 16, 46: dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui, id. Phil. 2, 35, 89: Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur, Nep. Alcib. 1. 4: at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arcā, Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.
        Strengthened by primum (= ut primum): simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.
      2. 2. Simul atque: L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit, Cic. Clu. 14, 40: simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt, id. Mur. 10, 22: simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit, id. Phil. 2, 37, 95: simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus, id. Rep. 2, 26, 49: simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat, id. Quint. 5, 18: qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes, id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47: simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est, Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.
      3. 3. Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33): simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51: simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc., id. Fam. 6, 18, 1: nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent, id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2): simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam, id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12: nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona, id. Arat. 596 (349).
      4. 4. Simul et: simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te, Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2: ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem, id. ib. 10, 4, 12: quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni, id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so, omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.
      5. 5. Simul ubi: quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit, Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.
      6. 6. Simul alone, = simul atque: simul herbae inceperint nasci, Cato, R. R. 48: hic simul argentum repperit, curā sese expedivit, Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.): simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur, Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86: nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.: simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit, Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.
        Strengthened by primum: simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est, Liv. 6, 1, 6: simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare, id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

sĭmŭlac, v. simul, VIII.

sĭmŭlācrum, i, n. [simulo], an image formed in the likeness of a thing, a likeness, image, form, representation, semblance (class.; syn.: imago, effigies, signum).

  1. I. Lit., of images formed by art, reflected in a mirror, or seen in a dream; of apparitions, visions, etc. (the latter mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    1. A. Of images formed by art, esp. of statues of the gods, an image, figure, portrait, effigy, statue, etc.: alicujus effigiem simulacrumque servare, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 159; cf.: statuas et imagines, non animorum simulacra sed corporum … relinquere, id. Arch. 12, 30: Helenae se pingere simulacrum velle dixit (Zeuxis), id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; cf. id. Fam. 5, 12, 7: delubra magnifica humanis consecrata simulacris, id. Rep. 3, 9, 14; but cf.: simulacrum deae non effigie humanā, Tac. H. 2, 3: deorum simulacra sanctissima, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3; so of the images of the gods, id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 185; Caes. B. G. 6, 16; 6, 17; id. B. C. 2, 5; 3, 105; Tac. H. 2, 3; id. A. 12, 22 al.: tueri aras simulacraque divom, Lucr. 5, 75; 5, 308: et bene facta deum frangit simulacra, id. 6, 419; Verg. A. 2, 172; Ov. M. 10, 694; 15, 658 al.; cf.: Herculis simulacrum, Liv. 9, 44 fin.: simulacra oppidorum, Cic. Pis. 25, 60; cf. pugnarum, Liv. 41, 28, 10: Balbum in triumpho omnium gentium urbiumque nomina ac simulacra duxisse, Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 36; cf. also: simulacrum celebrati diei pingere, Liv. 24, 16 fin.: montium, fluviorum, Tac. A. 2, 41.
      Poet., of the Trojan horse, Verg. A. 2, 232 (for which, effigies, id. ib. 2, 184).
        1. b. Adverb.: ad or per simulacrum (like ad similitudinem, formam), in the form of, after the pattern of: aurata aedes ad simulacrum templi Veneris collocata, Suet. Caes. 84: ad simulacrum ignium ardens Pharus, id. Flor. 4, 2, 88; cf.: ad simulacrum caelestium siderum, id. ib. 1, 2, 3: digiti per litterarum simulacra ducuntur, Sen. Ep. 94, 51.
    2. B. An image, form, shade, phantom seen in a mirror, in a dream, etc.; analogous to the Gr. εἴδωλον: quaecunque apparent nobis simulacra, Lucr. 4, 99; cf.: per aquas, quae nunc rerum simulacra videmus, id. 1, 1060: quid frustra simulacra fugacia (in aquā visa) captas? Ov. M. 3, 432.
      Of the shades or ghosts of the departed: quaedam simulacra modis pallentia miris, Lucr. 1, 123 (cf. Verg. G. 1, 477 infra); cf.: est via declivis (in Tartarum) … umbrae recentes Descendunt illac simulacraque functa sepulcris, Ov. M. 4, 435; so id. ib. 10, 14: simulacra cara parentis, id. ib. 14, 112; cf. Verg. A. 2, 772: ut bibere in somnis sitiens cum quaerit … laticum simulacra petit, etc., Lucr. 4, 1099; cf.: (canes) Expergefacti secuntur inania saepe Cervorum simulacra, id. 4, 995: simulacra inania somni, Ov. H. 9, 39: vana (noctis), id. Am. 1, 6, 9: simulacra modis pallentia miris Visa sub obscurum noctis, Verg. G. 1, 477; Sil. 3, 650 al.; cf.: ne vacua mens audita simulacra et inanes sibi metus fingeret, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7.
      1. 2. In the philosoph. lang. of Lucret. (like the Gr. εἴδωλον and the Lat. spectrum), the form or image of an object of sense or thought presented to the mind; a representation, idea, conception, Lucr. 2, 112; 4, 130; 4, 149 sq.
      2. 3. Of mnemonic signs, types, or emblems: ut res ipsas rerum effigies notaret atque ut locis pro cerā, simulacris pro litteris uteremur, Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 354.
      3. 4. A description, a portraiture of character: non inseram simulacrum viri copiosi (Catonis), quae dixerit referendo, Liv. 45, 25.
      4. 5. A likeness or similitude: diu disputavi, Hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere: Id repperi jam exemplum, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6.
  2. II. In partic., with the predominant idea of mere imitation (opp. to that which is original or real), a shadow, semblance, appearance, etc.: simulacrum aliquod ac vestigium civitatis, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 1; cf.: simulacra virtutis, id. Off. 1, 15, 46; and: haec simulacra sunt auspiciorum, auspicia nullo modo, id. Div. 2, 33, 71: libertatis, Tac. A. 1, 77: belli simulacra cientes, i.e. mock-fights, sham-fights, Lucr. 2, 41; 2, 324: pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis, Verg. A. 5, 585; 5, 674; Sil. 16, 529; 7, 119; cf.: simulacrum navalis pugnae, Liv. 26, 51, 6; 35, 26, 2: quibusdam pugnae simulacris ad verum discrimen aciemque justam consuescimus, Quint. 2, 10, 8; so, ludicrum pugnae, Liv. 40, 9: decurrentis exercitūs, id. 44, 9: vindemiae, Tac. A. 11, 31: civilitatis particulae, Quint. 2, 15, 25: inania, id. 10, 5, 17.

sĭmŭlāmen, ĭnis, n. [simulo], a copy, an imitation (poet. and very rare), Ov. M. 10, 727; Aus. Idyll. 10, 228.

* sĭmŭlāmentum, i, n. [simulo], a deception; with astu, Gell. 15, 22.

sĭmŭlans, antis, Part. and P. a. of simulo.

sĭmŭlanter and sĭmŭlātē, advv., v. simulo fin. A. and B.

* sĭmŭlātĭlis, e, adj. [simulo], feigned, fictitious: umbra, Ven. Vit. S. Mart. 2, 276.

sĭmŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [simulo, II.],

  1. I. a falsely assumed appearance, a false show, feigning, shamming, pretence, feint, insincerity, deceit, hypocrisy, simulation, etc. (class. and very freq.; cf. imitatio).
          1. (α) With gen.: simulatio insaniae, Cic. Off. 3, 26, 97: stultitiae, id. Brut. 14, 53: imitatio simulatioque virtutis, id. Ac. 2, 46, 140; id. Att. 7, 1, 6: omnium rerum, id. Lael. 25, 92: timoris, Caes. B. G. 5, 50 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 40: itineris, id. B. G. 6, 8: deditionis, id. B. C. 3, 28: vulnerum, id. ib. 2, 35: rei frumentariae, id. B. G. 1, 40; cf.: legis agrariae (with nomen), Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15: rei publicae, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 5: Parthici belli, Caes. B. C. 1, 9.
            Esp., abl. adverb., under prelext of, under pretence of, etc.: amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 8, 26: muliones equitum specie ac simulatione collibus circumvehi jubet, Caes. B. G. 7, 45; cf.: gladiatores emtos esse Fausti simulatione ad caedem ac tumultum, as was pretended for Faustus, Cic. Sull. 19, 54: pro sociis contra hostīs exercitum mittere, an hostium simulatione contra socios, id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66: provocare arma Romana simulatione numinum ausus est, under pretence of a divine command, Tac. H. 2, 61.
            Similarly: per simulationem, cum simulatione: per simulationem amicitiae me nefarie prodiderunt, Cic. Red. Quir. 9, 21: cum simulatione timoris agere, Caes. B. G. 5, 50.
          2. (β) Absol.: ex omni vitā simulatio dissimulatioque tollenda est, Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61: simulatio et inanis ostentatio, id. ib. 2, 12, 43: in specie fictae simulationis, pietas inesse non potest, id. N. D. 1, 2, 3: nihil ut opus sit simulatione et fallaciis, id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so (with perfidia) Caes. B. G. 4, 13: non mea’st simulatio, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 34; cf.: optima est simulatio contra simulantem, Quint. 6, 3, 92: nihil simulatio proficit, Sen. Ep. 79, 18.
            Plur.: illa simulationum nescia, Tac. A. 4, 54: simulationum falsa, id. ib. 6, 45; 6, 54; Plin. Pan. 72 fin.
  2. II. Rhet. t. t.: εἰρωνεία est simulatio, Mart. Cap. 5, § 523.

sĭmŭlātor, ōris, m. [simulo].

  1. I. A copier, imitator (poet. and very rare): excitat artificem simulatoremque figurae Morphea, Ov. M. 11, 634: humani qualis simulator simius oris, Claud. in Eutr. 1, 303.
  2. II. A feigner, pretender, counterfeit, hypocrite, simulator, etc. (the class. signif. of the word).
          1. (α) With gen.: animus cujus rei libet simulator ac dissimulator, Sall. C. 5, 4: segnitiae, Tac. A. 14, 57: belli, Luc. 4, 722.
          2. (β) Absol.: in omni oratione simulatorem, quem εἴρωνα Graeci nominarunt, Socratem accepimus, * Cic. Off. 1, 30, 108: benevolus et simulator, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 10, 39: callidus et simulator, Tac. A. 13, 47.

sĭmŭlatque, v. simul, VIII.

* sĭmŭlātrix, īcis, f. [simulator], a (female) transformer; of Circe, who transformed men into beasts, Stat. Th. 5, 551.

sĭmŭlo (less correctly sĭmĭlo; v. assimulo fin.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [similis].

  1. I. In gen., to make a thing like another; to imitate, copy, represent a thing (mostly poet.; syn. imitor): corpora igni simulata, made like, like, Lucr. 1, 687: nimbos et non imitabile fulmen simulare, Verg. A. 6, 591: simulet Catonem, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 13: cum sint crura tibi, simulent quae cornua lunae, Mart. 2, 35, 1: furias Bacchi, Ov. M. 6, 596: equam (sonus), id. ib. 2, 668: artem (natura), id. ib. 3, 158: anum, to assume the form of, id. ib. 3, 275; 6, 26; 11, 310; id. F. 4, 517; so, Homeri illa Minerva simulata Mentori, Cic. Att. 9, 8, 2 (cf. Hom. Od. 3, 22): simulata Troja, a counterfeit Troy, i. e. which is copied after, built like Troy, Ov. M. 13, 721: simulata magnis Pergama, Verg. A. 3, 349: latices simulatos fontis Averni, id. ib. 4, 512: cupressum simulare, to represent, paint, Hor. A. P. 20: antrum in ostro, Sil. 15, 430.
    With object-clause: Pallas … simulat … terram Prodere cum baccis fetum canentis olivae, represents the earth producing, etc., Ov. M. 6, 80; cf. also, transf., of a work of art: aera Fortis Alexandri vultum simulantia, representing, imaging, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 241.
  2. II. In partic., to represent a thing as being which has no existence, to feign a thing to be what it is not (while dissimulare is to pretend a thing not to be which really is, to conceal), to assume the appearance of a thing, to feign, pretend, counterfeit, simulate (class. and freq.).
          1. (α) With acc. (in Cic. in the act. perh. only with a pron.): nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat, quicquam simulabit aut dissimulabit vir bonus, Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 4: experiar, quid ames, quid simules, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 71: (oportuit) non simulare mortem verbis, re ipsā spem vitae dare, i.e. to pretend that she was dead, Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 23: studium conjurationis vehementer simulare, Sall. C. 41, 5: deditionem ac deinde metum, id. J. 36, 2: diffidentiam rei, id. ib. 60, 5: pacem, id. ib. 111, 4; cf.: pacem cum Scipione Sulla sive faciebat sive simulabat, Cic. Phil. 13, 1, 2: constantiam, Tac. H. 1, 81: obsequium, id. A. 12, 47 et saep.: Hannibal aegrum simulabat, pretended to be sick, Liv. 25, 8, 12: sanum, Ov. R. Am. 493: furentem, Sen. Herc. Oet. 429: praegravem aut delumbem sese simulans, Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 103: supervacaneos, Just. 6, 6, 3.
            With pro: simulat se pro uxore Nini filium, pro femina puerum, Just. 1, 2, 1.
            Pass.: tum pol ego is essem vere, qui simulabar, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 58: non simulatur amor, Ov. H. 17, 36: tecto lumine somnus, id. ib. 21, 199: ad simulanda negotia altitudo ingenii incredibilis, Sall. J. 95, 3 et saep.
            Esp. freq. in part. perf.: ficto officio simulatāque sedulitate conjunctus, Cic. Caecin. 5, 14: officio simulato, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112: simulatā amicitiā, Caes. B. G. 1,44: hortatur simulata conscientia adeant, Tac. A. 2, 40 et saep.: cum ex eo quaereretur, quid esset dolus malus? respondebat: cum esset aliud simulatum, aliud actum, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 60: in amicitiā nihil fictum est, nihil simulatum, id. Lael. 8, 26; so (with fictum) id. ib. 18, 65; id. Off. 2, 12, 43; with falsum, id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; id. Phil. 11, 2, 5; with fucata (opp. vera), id. Lael. 25, 95: simulato vecta juvenco, Ov. Am. 1, 3, 23: simulatae ordine justo exsequiae, Sil. 16, 305.
          2. (β) With object-clause (so most freq.): qui omnia se simulant scire, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 168: ille se Tarentum proficisci cum simulasset, Cic. Clu. 9, 27: illi reverti se in suas sedes simulaverunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 4: simulat Jove natus abire, Ov. M. 2, 697; 4, 338 al.; Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 4; id. Ep. 3, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; id. Rud. 5, 3, 43; id. Truc. prol. 18; 1, 1, 68 sq. al.: id mirari te simulato, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 70; id. Hec. 1, 2, 109; 1, 2, 113; Afran. ap. Non. 511, 7; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Lael. 26, 99; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 13; Caes. B. C. 3, 21; Quint. 8, 2, 24: simulandum est, quaedam nos dicere, Quint. 4, 5, 20; cf.: qui per ambitionem probos sese simulavere, Sall. J. 85, 9: adcurrit pedes ejus feta, praegravem, delumbem sese simulans, Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 103; Just. 3, 1, 8: simulans a Dareo se esse praemissum, Curt. 4, 1, 29.
            Pass.: schema, quo aliud simulatur dici quam dicitur, Quint. 9, 1, 14.
          3. (γ) With quasi (mostly Plautin.): quasi affuerim simulabo atque audita eloquar, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. As. 4, 1, 51: quasi militi animum adjeceris simulare, id. Mil. 3, 3, 35; id. Pers. 4, 5, 5; cf.: praefectus, quasi et ipse conterritus, simulans cuncta pavore compleverat, Curt. 3, 13, 10.
          4. (δ) Absol.: cur simulat? Ter. And. 2, 3, 1; 1, 1, 21; 3, 4, 9: non in perpetuom ut dares, Verum ut simulares, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 34; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15: simulandi gratiā, Sall. J. 37, 4; Quint. 1, 3, 12; 6, 3, 85; Ov. M. 13, 299 al.
            Impers. pass.: quid est, quod amplius simuletur? Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 28.
            Hence,
    1. A. sĭmŭlans, antis, P. a.
      1. * 1. Imitating, imitative: non fuit in terris vocum simulantior ales (psittaco), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 23.
      2. 2. Sĭmŭlans, The Pretender, the title of a comedy of Afranius (v. the Fragm. Com. Rel. p. 172 sq. Rib.), Cic. Sest. 55, 118.
        Advv.: sĭmŭlanter, feignedly, pretendedly, apparently (for the class. simulate): simulanter revictā Charite, App. M. 8, p. 205, 36.
    2. B. sĭmŭlātē, feignedly, pretendedly, not sincerely: sive ex animo id fit sive simulate, Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168: ficte et simulate, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 13.
      Comp.: simulatius exit proditionis opus, Petr. poët. Fragm. 28, 4.

sĭmultas, ātis (gen. plur. simultatium, Liv. 1, 60, 2; 3, 66, 4; 9, 38, 12; 28, 18, 12; 39, 5, 2; 39, 44, 9; Val. Max. 4, 2, 2; Auct. B. Alex. 49, 2: simultatum, Cic. Fl. 35, 87; Capitol. Ver. 9, 2), f. [simul; therefore, orig., a coming together, encounter of two persons or parties]; hence,

  1. I. A hostile encounter of two persons or parties, dissension, enmity, rivalry, jealousy, grudge, hatred, animosity (class.; syn.: aemulatio, odium, inimicitia; on account of the idea of reciprocity, most freq. in the plur.).
          1. (α) Sing.: hic id metuit, ne illam vendas ob simultatem suam, * Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 50; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 2; cf. gero, II. A.: huic simultas cum Curione intercedebat, Caes. B. C. 2, 25; cf.: cum quo si simultas tibi non fuisset, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1: sibi privatam simultatem cum Campanis nullam esse, publicas inimicitias esse, Liv. 26, 27, 11; cf.: simultas cum familiā Barcinā, id. 23, 13, 6: se numquam cum sorore fuisse in simultate, Nep. Att. 17, 1: simultate cum Fulviā socru exorta, Suet. Aug. 62: simultatem deponere, Cic. Att. 3, 24, 2; so (opp. gerere) Suet. Vesp. 6: multis simultatem indixerit, id. Ner. 25: dehinc ad simultatem usque processit, id. Tib. 51: ubi nulla simultas Incidit, Ov. R. Am. 661: inter finitimos vetus, Juv. 15, 33.
          2. (β) Plur.: qui simultates, quas mecum habebat, deposuisset, Cic. Planc. 31, 76: exercere cum aliquo, id. Fl. 35, 88: gerere cum aliquo, Quint. 4, 1, 18: hi (centuriones) de loco summis simultatibus contendebant, Caes. B. G. 5, 44: simultates partim obscuras partim apertas suscepisse, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19: simultates graves excipere, deponere, Suet. Caes. 73: simultates exercere … alienarum simultatium cognitorem fieri, Liv. 39, 5, 2: simultates provocare, Quint. 12, 7, 3: facere, Tac. A. 3, 54: nutrire, id. H. 3, 53: subire pro aliquo, Plin. Ep. 2, 18: simultatibus alicujus dare aliquem, Tac. A. 16, 20: simultates finire, Liv. 40, 8, 9; 40, 46, 9; cf. dirimere, id. 28, 18, 2: paternas obliterare, id. 41, 24, 11: saepe simultates ira morata facit, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 82: nihil est simultatibus gravius, Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 6: erant inter Athenienses et Dorienses simultatium veteres offensae, Just. 2, 6, 16.
  2. II. In Hyg., in gen., a strife, contest for a prize (syn. certamen): cum complures eam peterent in conjugium, simultatem constituit, se ei daturum, qui secum quadrigis certasset victorque exisset, Hyg. Fab. 84; 185: simultatem constituit, id. ib. 22 and 67.

sĭmulter, adv., v. similis fin. A.

* 1. sīmŭlus, a, um, dim. adj. [simus], flat-nosed, pug-nosed, Lucr. 4, 1169.

2. Sīmŭlus, i, m. [1. simulus], a proper name, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 19.