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sĕvērē, adv., v. 1, severus fin. A.

sĕvērĭtas, ātis, f. [1. severus],

  1. I. seriousness, gravity, sternness, strictness, severity, in a good and bad sense (class. and very freq.; syn. gravitas): tristis severitas inest in vultu, Ter. And. 5, 2, 16: severitatem in senectute probo: acerbitatem nullo modo, Cic. Sen. 18, 65 (opp. lepos); id. Off. 1, 37, 134: censorum, id. Rep. 4, 6, 15; cf. Val. Max. 2, 9.
    Plur.: censorum severitates, Gell. 4, 20, 1: tristitia et in omni re severitas, Cic. Lael. 18, 66; cf.: homo ipsā tristitiā et severitate popularis, id. Brut. 25, 97: si illius comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris, id. Mur. 31, 66; so (opp. comitas) id. Brut. 40, 148; (opp. mansuetudo et misericordia) Sall. C. 54, 2; (opp hilaritas risusque) Cic. Brut. 93, 322: T. Torquatus cum illam severitatem in eo filio adhibuit, quem, etc., id. Fin. 1, 7, 24: evellere se aculeum severitatis vestrae, id. Clu. 55, 152: laetissimae vir severitatis, Vell. 2, 127, 4: Catoni severitas dignitatem addiderat, Sall. C. 54, 2: commodare magnis peccatis severitatem, Tac. Agr. 19: summa severitas animadversionis, Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 7: exempli, id. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7: judiciorum (opp. lenitas ac misericordia), id. Sull. 33, 92: imperii, Caes. B. G. 7, 4; cf.: militarem disciplinam severitatemque minuere, Auct. B. Alex. 48 fin.; 65: nimia emendationis severitas, Quint. 2, 4, 10: disciplinae, id. 2, 2, 4: orationis, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 6: hac severitate aurium laetor, this severity of taste, id. ib. 3, 18, 9.
  2. II. Transf.: etiam corruptissimo in genere magis tamen juvat quaedam ipsius viti severitas, rudeness, crudeness, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 21.

sĕvērĭter, adv., v. 1. severus fin. B.

sĕvērĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [1. severus], gravity, austerity, severity (ante- and post-class. for the class. severitas): (frontis) Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 3 (also cited Non. 173, 10): morum, App. M. 1, p. 113, 41.

1. sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

  1. I. Of persons: nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6: quam severus! Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21: civis severus et gravis, Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.: omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc., id. de Or. 2, 56, 228: Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus, id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.: Stoicorum secta severissima, Quint. 1, 10, 15: agricolae, hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357: Cures, Verg. A. 8, 638: Zethus, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.: rumores senum severiorum, Cat. 5, 2.
    Of those who live a sober and temperate life: at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate, Cat. 27, 6: adimam cantare severis, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13: legis custodes, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so, judices severi in eos solos, id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.: severissimos atque integerrimos judices, id. Verr. 1, 10, 30: ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā, id. ib.: ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram, Hor. Epod. 11, 19: auctor e severissimis, Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274: Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit, id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).
    1. B. In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare): Neptunus saevus severusque, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6: idem acerbe severus in filium, Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.): in me severior quam in vos, Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21: Eumenidum turba, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.
  2. II. Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.: severā fronte curas cogitans, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46: vultus severior et tristior, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107: frons, Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9: divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas, Stat. Achill. 1, 288: animus (opp. mitis), Quint. 3, 9, 7: disciplina maxime severa, id. 1, 2, 5: imperia severiora, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43: judicia severa, id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133: lex, Ov. P. 3, 3, 57: severiora judicia, Quint. 4, 2, 122: severiores leges, id. 12, 1, 40; cf.: Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor, Vell. 1, 6, 3: imperii severissimi vir, Liv. 4, 26: quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51: linque severa, Hor. C. 3, 8, 28: paulo severior poena, Sall. C. 51, 15.
    Of style: sententiae graves et severae, Cic. Brut. 95, 325: triste et severum genus dicendi, id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.: severae Musa tragoediae, Hor. C. 2, 1, 9: fidibus voces crevere severis, id. A. P. 216.
    1. B. Severe, dreadful, gloomy: severus Uncus abest, Hor. C. 1, 35, 19: silentia noctis, Lucr. 4, 460: heims, Quint. Decl. 4, 14: amnem Cocyti metuet, Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat … Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).
      Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).
    1. A. sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19: graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono, id. Fin. 2, 8, 24: vetuit (with graviter), Quint. 11, 3, 148: uti judicio, id. 1, 3, 4: aestimatae lites, Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51: vindicare Hiempsalis mortem, Sall. J. 15, 3: dicere, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40: domesticam disciplinam regere, Suet. Caes. 48.
      Comp.: ad aliquem severius scribere, Caes. B. C. 3, 25: adhibere aliquem, Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3: coërcere matrimonia, Just. 3, 3, 8.
      Sup.: sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant, Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so, exacta aetas, id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44: dicere jus, Suet. Caes. 43.
    2. B. sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.
    3. * C. sĕvērum, harshly, austerely: nunc severum vivitur, Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

2. Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

  1. A. Of several men.
    1. 1. Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.
    2. 2. Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.
    3. 3. Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.
    4. 4. T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.
    5. 5. Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works.
  2. B. Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.