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nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. (comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.
- I. Lit.: necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius, Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium; illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est, id. Inv. 2, 49, 145: necessaria conclusio, id. Top. 16, 60: leges fatales et necessariae, id. Univ. 12: omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria, id. Off. 1, 4, 11: senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam, id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.
So without dat., = necesse est: ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas, id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22: castra ponere necessarium visum est, Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216: necessariā re coactus, by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16: cum longius necessario procederent, farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16: res magis necessariae, Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145: res maxime necessaria, id. Fam. 2, 6, 2: necessarior medela, Tert. Patient. 11: necessarior sententia, id. Test. Anim. 4: necessariores operas, id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31: aliquid necessarius, id. Carn. Christ. 7 med.
Subst.: nĕcessā-rĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life: Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt, Curt. 5, 12, 6: plebes sic adcensa uti … sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent, Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.
- * B. In partic.: necessariae partes, the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.
- II. Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.
- (α) Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so, homo, of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6: ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas, Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.
- (β) Subst.: nĕ-cessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.: L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius, Cic. Sull. 1, 2: in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum, id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend: virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria, id. Mur. 35, 73: Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi, id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.
Hence, adv.
- 1. nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily: necessarie demonstrari, Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44: comparato cibo, Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.
- 2. nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form): necessario reviviscere, Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5: quibuscum vivo necessario, id. ib. 5, 21, 1: quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit, Caes. B. G. 1, 17: copias parat, Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.
răbĭdē, adv., v. rabidus fin.
răbĭdus, a, um, adj. [1. rabo],
- I. raving, furious, enraged, savage, fierce, mad, rabid (as adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: furens, furiosus, insanus): canes, Lucr. 5, 892; Plin. 29, 5, 32, § 98; Sen. Ira, 1, 1, 6; 1, 15, 2; 3, 30, 1; id. Ep. 99, 24: catuli, Sil. 10, 127: corpus (Canis), Cic. Arat. 110: tigres, Verg. G. 2, 151; cf. leones, Lucr. 4, 712; Hor. A. P. 393: lupa, Ov A. A. 3, 8: bimembres, id. M. 12, 494: alios age incitatos, alios age rabidos, Cat. 63, 93: non impulsus et rabidus, Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 4.
- II. Transf., of things: Pelorum (on account of the neighboring Scylla), Luc. 6, 66 Cort. N. cr.: lingua, Prop. 3, 8 (4, 7), 11; cf. murmur, Val. Fl. 4, 239: ut rabida ora quierunt, Verg. A. 6, 102; cf. id. ib. 6, 80: aspectus (draconis), Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62: certamen, Sil. 16, 410; cf. arma, id. 7, 253: fames (Cerberi), Verg. A. 6, 421; cf.: sitis (Tantali), Sen. Herc. Oet. 1077: rabies, Cat. 63, 44.
- III. Trop., impulsive, passionate, impetuous: impulsus et rabidus, Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 5: adfectus, id. ib. 3, 16, 2: furor animi, Cat. 63, 38: mores, Ov. A. A. 3, 501: rabida et jurgiosa facundia, Gell. 19, 9, 7.
Adv.: răbĭ-dē, ravingly, madly, furiously, rabidly: omnia rabide appetentem, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16.
Comp.: raptari, Aug. Mor. Manich. 2, 14.
răbĭes, em, e (gen. rabies, Lucr. 4, 1083; the other cases do not occur), f. [rabio].
- I. Lit., rage, madness (cf.: furor, insania).
- 1. Of dogs, Col. 7, 12, 14; Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64; 29, 5, 32, § 99.
- 2. Of other animals, Col. 6, 35; Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 68: ursina, id. 8, 36, 54, § 130.
- 3. Of men, madness, frenzy, Plin. 7, prooem. fin. 1, § 5; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 26; cf.: contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros, Liv. 21, 48, 4.
- II. Trop., of any violent emotion, rage, anger, fury, fierceness, eagerness: Hecubam putant propter animi acerbitatem quandam et rabiem fingi in canem esse conversam, Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63: sine rabie, id. ib. 4, 24, 53; Tac. H. 1, 63: Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo, Hor. A. P. 79; cf. id. Ep. 2, 1, 149: non dico horrendam rabiem, id. S. 2, 3, 323; Vell. 2, 64, 2: civica, fierce civil war, Hor. C. 3, 24, 26; cf. Tac. H. 2, 38; 5, 25; id. A. 1, 31; 39: hostilis, Liv. 29, 8 fin.: edendi, Verg. A. 9, 64.
Of the madness of love. Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 10; Lucr. 4, 1079; Hor. Epod. 12, 9.
Of the Sibyl’s inspiration, Verg. A. 6, 49.
- b. Of things: rabies fatalis temporis, Liv. 28, 34: ventorum, Ov. M. 5, 7; cf. Noti, Hor. C. 1, 3, 14: caelique marisque, Verg. A. 5, 802: pelagi, Sil. 2, 290: Canis, the fierce heat of the dogstar, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 16: ventris, i. e. ravenous hunger, voracity, Verg. A. 2, 357; Sil. 2, 472.
răbĭo, ĕre, v. n. [etym. dub.], to rave, be mad (poet. and in post-Aug. prose), Varr. and Caecil. ap. Non. 40, 2 sq.: oculis rabere visa es ardentibus, Poëta ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66; id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 207; 5, 222; Sen. Ep. 29, 7.
răbĭōsē, adv., v. rabiosus fin.
* răbĭōsŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [rabiosus], a little rabid: litterae, Cic. Fam. 7, 16.
răbĭōsus, a, um, adj. [rabies], raving, fierce, mad, rabid (rare but class.; syn.: furiosus, furibundus): canis, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75; Plin. 29, 5, 32, § 98: homo, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 15: fortitudo, * Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50: rabiosa barbaraque vox, Petr. 96, 5: stridor (anserum sacrorum), id. 136, 4.
* Adv.: răbĭōsē, ravingly, madly, fiercely, rabidly: nihil iracunde rabioseve fecerunt, Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 49.
Răbīrĭus, i, m.,
- I. the name of a Roman gens. Thus,
- 1. C. Rabirius, a tribune of the people; and,
- 2. C. Rabirius Postumus, a knight; both of them defended by Cicero in orations still extant.
- 3. An indifferent philosophical writer, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 5.
- 4. An excellent poet, Ov. P 4, 16, 5; Quint. 10, 1, 90.
Hence,
- II. Răbīrĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Rabirius, Rabirian: domus, Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.
1. răbo, ĕre, v. n., v. rabio.
2. răbo, ōnis, = arrhabo, v. arrha.
Rabocentus, i, m., a Bessic prince, put to death by L. Piso, Cic. Pis. 34.
răbŭla, ae, m. [1. rabo], a brawling, wrangling advocate, a pettifogger (cf.: clamator, declamator): non declamatorem aliquem de ludo aut rabulam de foro … quaerimus, Cic. Or. 15, 47; with causidicus and proclamator, id. de Or. 1, 46. 202; with latrator, Quint. 12, 9, 12; cf. Fest. s. v. rava vox, p. 137 Müll.; Non. 26, 21; 60, 19.
* răbŭlāna pix, an unknown kind of pitch [perh. ravus, grayish], Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120.
* răbŭlātus, ūs, m. [rabula], a brawling, wrangling, pettifogging, Mart. Cap. 2, 46 Graev. dub. (Kopp, § 213, reboatu).
răbuscŭla vitis, an unknown species of vine [perh. ravus, grayish], Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 42.
racco, āre, v. n., to utter the natural cry of the tiger, Auct. Carm. Philom. 49 (al. rancant).
răcēmārĭus, a, um, adj. [racemus], of or belonging to grape-stalks, stalky: pampini, that bear nothing but stalks, unfruitful, Col. 3, 18, 4.
* răcēmātĭo, ōnis, f [id.], the gleaning of a vineyard, a grape-gleaning (cf. spicilegium), Tert. Apol. 35.
* răcēmātus, a, um, adj. [racemus], having clusters or berries, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 54.
răcēmĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [racemusfero], cluster-bearing, clustering; a poet. epithet: uvae, Ov M. 3, 666; and in a broader sense: racemifer Bacchus, crowned with clusters, id. ib. 15, 413; cf.: capilli (Bacchi), id. F. 6, 483.
* răcēmor, āri, v. dep. a. [racemus], to glean; trop., to treat of in a supplementary manner, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 1.
răcēmōsus, a, um, adj. [racemusfero], full of clusters, clustering (Plin.): pomum, Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 30: flos, id. 13, 6, 12, § 54.
Sup.: uvae, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 40.
răcēmus, i, m. [ῤάξ, ῤαγός].
- I. Lit., the stalk of a cluster of grapes and similar plants: alia (poma) racemis dependent, ut uvae, palmae, Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 115; cf. id. 16, 26, 48, § 112; 14, 3, 4, § 43: sunt et mora cruenta, et lentis uva racemis, Verg. Copa, 21.
- II. Transf.
- A. A bunch of berries, cluster of grapes: fert uva racemos, Verg. G. 2, 60; Ov. M. 3, 484; id. Tr. 4, 6, 9; Prop. 4 (5), 2, 13; Hor. C. 2, 5, 11 al.: lecti de vite racemi, Ov. A. A. 3, 703; Verg. G. 2, 102; Sil. 7, 208 al.
- B. Wine (poet.): donec eras mixtus nullis, Acheloë, racemis, Ov. F. 5, 343.
Racilius, i, m.; Racilia, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens; e. g. L. Racilius, a tribune of the people, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5; id. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2.
- 2. Racilia, wife of Cincinnatus, Liv. 3, 26, 9.
rădĭans, antis, v. radio, II. B.
* rădĭātĭlis, e, adj. [radio], emitting rays, radiant: umbra, Ven. Fort. 2, 286.
rădĭātĭo, ōnis, f. [radio], a glittering, shining, a beamy lustre, radiation (postAug.): marmoris, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32: stellarum, Jul. Firm. Math. 1, 4.
Plur., Arn. 6, 208.
rădĭātus, a, um, v. radio, II. A.
rādīcālis, e, adj. [radix], having roots (post-class.), Aug. c. Faust. 13, 12.
rādīcātus, a, um, v. radicor.
* rādīcesco, ĕre, v. inch. [radix], to take root, Sen. Ep. 86 fin.
rādīcĭtus, adv. [radix], with the roots, by the roots (class.).
- I. Lit.: effodere herbas malas, Cato, R. R. 50: concidere rosetum, Varr. R. R. 1, 35, 1; Cat. 64, 288: evellere arborem, Suet. Vesp. 5: eximere, Col. 4, 33, 4: interire, id. 6, 3, 1: auferre ungues, Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 51 al.
- II. Trop., by the roots, i. e. utterly, completely, radically: radicitus tollere atque extrahere cupiditatem, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.: extrahere religionem ex animis hominum, id. N. D. 1, 43, 121: excutere opinionem alicui, id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111: omnia malefacta vostra repperi radicitus, thoroughly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 62.
rādīco, āvi, 1, v. n., and rādīcor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [id.], to strike root, take root (post-Aug.).
- I. Lit.
- 1. Form radico, Cassiod. H. E. 2, 6.
- 2. Form radicor: mergi facile radicantur, Col. 4, 2, 2; Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 36; 18, 7, 10, § 51 al.
Hence, rādīcātus, a, um, having roots: semina, Col. Arb. 20 fin.; Pall. Febr. 10, 1; 18, 1; 19, 2 al.
- II. Trop.: et radicavi in populo honorificato (i. e. ego sapientia), have found a home, struck root, Vulg. Ecclus. 24, 16: in caritate radicati et fundati, id. Eph. 3, 17. —rādīcātus, a, um, rooted, Sid. Ep. 5, 10 fin.
* rādīcōsus, a, um, adj. [radix], full of roots, having many roots: bracchia hederarum, Plin. 16, 34, 62, § 151.
rādīcŭla, ae, f. dim. [radix].
- I. In gen., a small root, rootlet, Cic. Div. 2, 66, 136; Col. 5, 5, 5.
- II. In partic.
- 1. Fuller’sweed, soapwort, Plin. 19, 3, 18, § 48.
- 2. A small kind of radish, Col. 4, 8, 1; 11, 2, 19; Cels. 2, 18; 21; 29 al.
rădĭo, āvi, ātum, 1 [radius].
- * I. (Acc. to radius, I. B. 1.) V. a., to furnish with spokes: rota radiata, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15.
- II. (Acc. to radius, II.) V. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
- A. Act., to furnish with beams, make beaming, irradiate; only in pass., to be irradiated, to gleam, emit beams.
Lit.: galeae gemmis radientur et auro, Ov. P. 3, 4, 103.
Esp. freq. in the part. perf. and P. a.: rădĭātus, a, um, furnished with rays, irradiated, shining: miles ut adverso Phoebi radiatus ab ictu, irradiated, Luc. 7, 214: rubent radiati lumina solis, shining, Lucr. 5, 462: sol, Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126; cf. also: orbis flammeus solis, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44: lumen (solis), Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 162; Ov. M. 4, 193: insigne diei (i. e. sol), Lucr. 5, 699: caput, surrounded with a halo or nimbus (the attribute of deities and deified personages), Plin. Pan. 52; cf. corona, Suet. Aug. 94 med.: splendor radiatus lampade solis, Sil. 7, 143.
- B. Neutr., to emit beams, to beam, shine, radiate.
- 1. Lit.: felium in tenebris fulgent radiantque oculi, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 3, 9; id. M. 2, 4: miles radiabat in armis, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 27; Sil. 8, 468: radiabunt tempora nati (of the halo of deified personages, v. supra, A.), Sil. 3, 629; 2, 586.
Freq. in part. pres.: rădĭans, beaming, shining: lumina solis, Ov. Tr. 2, 325: sidera, Lucr. 4, 214; Ov. M. 7, 325; 9, 272: Aquarius, Cic. Arat. 172: luna, Verg. A. 8, 23: aurum, Ov. M. 4, 636; cf.: galea claro ab auro, id. ib. 13, 105: templa auro, id. A. A. 3, 451: arma, Verg. A. 8, 616: carbunculi pinnato fulgore, Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 93.
- 2. Trop., to shine, radiate: quasi de industriă prospera ejus (fortuna) adversis radiaret, Flor. 4, 2, 30 Halm. (Duker, radiarentur): ipsi inter medios roseā radiante juventā, Val. Fl. 8, 257: constitutio, quae inter imperiales radiat sanctiones, Just. Inst. 1, 5, 3: radiantia signa, asterisks, Hier. praef. in Psa.
rădĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [radius].
- * I. A small, feeble sunbeam, Amm. 28, 4, 18.
- II. A kind of long olive, Col. 12, 49, 2.
- III. A plant resembling fern, App. Herb. 83.
* rădĭōsus, a, um, adj. [radius], emitting many beams, radiant: sol, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41.
rădĭus, ii, m. [cf.: radix, ramus], a staff, rod.
- I. In gen.: acuti radii immissi, stakes, Liv. 33, 5, 11: ferreus, Plin. 10, 42, 58, § 117.
- B. In partic.
- 1. A spoke of a wheel, Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206; Verg. G. 2, 444; id. A. 6, 616; Ov. M. 2, 108; 2, 317; Val. Fl. 6, 414: inter radios rotarum, Curt. 4, 9, 5; Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206.
- 2. In mathematics,
- a. A staff, rod, for measuring, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 64; Verg. E. 3, 41; id. A. 6, 850; Macr. S. 7, 2; Tert. Idol. 9.
- b. A semidiameter, radius of a circle, Cic. Univ. 6.
- 3. In weaving, a shuttle, Ov. M. 6, 56; 132; Lucr. 5, 1352; Verg. A. 9, 476.
- 4. In zoology,
- a. The spur of many kinds of birds, Plin. 11, 47, 107, § 257; esp. of the cock, id. 30, 11, 29, § 97.
- b. The sting above the tail of the fish pastinaca, Plin. 9, 48, 72, § 155; 32, 2, 12, § 25.
- 5. In botany, a kind of long olive, Verg. G. 2, 86; Col. 5, 8, 4; id. Arb. 17, 3; Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13. A sub-species of the same, called radius major, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 24.
- 6. In anatomy, the radius, the exterior bone of the forearm, Gr. κερκίς, Cels. 8, 1.
- 7. Radius virilis = membrum virile, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 14, 115.
- II. A beam or ray of any shining object; of the sun, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 2; Lucr. 1, 48; 2, 117; Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71; Verg. A. 4, 119; 7, 25; Tert. Res. Carn. 47; of lightning, Verg. A. 8, 429; Val. Fl. 6, 55; of the eyes, Gell. 5, 16, 2; of the halo around the heads of divine or deified personages: aurati, Verg. A. 12, 163; cf. radio, II.
rādix, īcis (gen. plur. radicium, Cassiod. H. E. 1, 1; Jul. Val. Itin. Alex. 32 (75)), f. [Gr. ῤίζα, a root; ῤάδιξ, a shoot or twig; cf. ramus], a root of a plant (cf. stirps).
- I. Lit.
- 1. In gen. (mostly in plur.): radices agere, to strike root, Varr. R. R. 1, 37 fin.; Ov. R. Am. 106; id. M. 4, 254; Col. 5, 6, 8; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127; cf. infra, II.: capere radices, to take root, Cato, R. R. 133, 3; Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123: penitus immittere radices, Quint. 1, 3, 5: emittere radices e capite, ex se, Col. 3, 18, 6; 5, 10, 13: descendunt radices, Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 129: arbores ab radicibus subruere, Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 4: herbas radice revellit, Ov. M. 7, 226: radicibus eruta pinus, Verg. A. 5, 449: segetem ab radicibus imis eruere, id. G. 1, 319.
Sing.: (arbos) quae, quantum vertice ad auras, tantum radice in Tartara tendit, Verg. G. 2, 292; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 128; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; Ov. H. 5, 147.
- 2. In partic., an edible root, Caes. B. C. 3, 48; esp. a radish: Syriaca, Col. 11, 3, 16; 59: also simply radix, Pall. 1, 35, 5; Hor. S. 2, 8, 8; Ov. M. 8, 666 al.: dulcis, licorice, Scrib. Comp. 170.
- B. Transf.
- 1. The root, i. e. the lower part of an object, the foot of a hill, mountain, etc.
In plur.: in radicibus Caucasi natus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52: in radicibus Amani, id. Fam. 15, 4, 9: sub ipsis radicibus montis, Caes. B. G. 7, 36; 7, 51 fin.; 69; id. B. C. 1, 41; 3, 85, 1 et saep.
In sing.: a Palatii radice, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180.
- 2. That upon which any thing is fixed or rests (e. g. the tongue, a feather, a rock); a root, foundation (poet.; used alike in sing. and plur.): linguae, Ov. M. 6, 557: plumae, id. ib. 2, 583: saxi, Lucr. 2, 102; Ov. M. 14, 713.
- 3. Radix virilis = membrum virile, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 13.
- II. Trop., a root, ground, basis, foundation, origin, source (almost entirely in the plur.): vera gloria radices agit atque etiam propagatur, Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43: virtus altissimis defixa radicibus, id. Phil. 4, 5, 13: audeamus non solum ramos amputare miseriarum, sed omnes radicum fibras evellere, id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: facilitatis et patientiae, id. Cael. 6, 14: Pompeius eo robore vir, iis radicibus, i. e. so deeply rooted, firmly established in the State, id. Att. 6, 6, 4: illic radices, illic fundamenta sunt, Quint. 10, 3, 3: a radicibus evertere domum, from its foundation, utterly, Phaedr. 3, 10, 49: ex iisdem, quibus nos, radicibus natum (C. Marium), i. e. a native of the same city, Cic. Sest. 22, 50; Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 1; cf. in sing.: Apollinis se radice ortum, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 72: ego sum radix David, Vulg. Apoc. 22, 16 et saep.
Of words, origin, derivation, Varr. L. L. 6, 5, 61; 7, 3, 88 al.
rādo, si, sum, 3, v. a., to scrape, scratch, shave, rub, or smooth; of the hair, to shave off with a razor (while tondere is to cut off with shears; mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. scabo).
- I. Lit.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO, tear, lacerate by scratching, in mourning, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59; Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157; and Fest. s. v. radere, p. 227: fauces, to irritate, Lucr. 4, 528; Quint. 11, 3, 13 Spald.; 11, 3, 20: terram pedibus (corvus), Plaut. Aul. 4, 3, 2: caput et supercilia, to shave, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20 (just before, abrasa); Petr. 103: caput, as a token of slavery, Liv. 34, 52 fin.; in mourning, Suet. Calig. 5; and in execution of a vow made in times of peril, Juv. 12, 81 (cf. Petr. 103 sqq.): barbam, Suet. Aug. 79.
Transf., of the person himself: ut tonderetur diligenter ac raderetur, Suet. Caes. 45; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211: tigna, to smooth off, Lucr. 5, 1267: virgae, Verg. G. 2, 358; cf. lapides, to sweep the mosaic ground, Hor. S. 2, 4, 83: parietes, to scratch, Plin. 28, 4, 13, § 52: aream, i. e. to clear of bushes, Col. 2, 19; cf.: medicam marris ad solum, to weed out, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 147: arva imbribus (Eurus), to strip, lay waste, sweep, ravage, Hor. Epod. 16, 54; cf.: terras (Aquilo), id. S. 2, 6, 25: nomen fastis, to scratch out, erase, Tac. A. 3, 17 fin.: margine in extremo littera rasa, Ov. Am. 1, 11, 22: tabellae rasae, id. A. A. 1, 437.
- B. Poet., transf.
- 1. To touch in passing, touch upon, brush along, graze; of streams: ripas radentia flumina rodunt, Lucr. 5, 256; Ov. F. 1, 242; Luc. 2, 425; Sen. Hippol. 16.
Of sailors: hinc altas cautes projectaque saxa Pachyni Radimus (in sailing by), Verg. A. 3, 700; 5, 170; 7, 10; Val. Fl. 5, 108; Luc. 5, 425; 8, 246 al.: sicco freta radere passu (with percurrere; of horses running past), Ov. M. 10, 654: terra rasa squamis (serpentis), id. ib. 3, 75: arva radens serpens, Stat. Th. 5, 525; cf. Verg. A. 5, 217: trajectos surculus rasit, crept through, Suet. Ner. 48.
- 2. To strip off, nip off: damnosa canicula quantum raderet, Pers. 3, 50: ista tonstrix radit, i. e. shaves her customers (sc. of their money), Mart. 2, 17, 5.
- II. Trop., to grate upon, hurt, offend: aures delicatas radere, Quint. 3, 1, 3: teneras auriculas mordaci vero, Pers. 1, 107: pallentes mores, to lash, satirize, id. 5, 15.
* rādŭla, ae, f. [rado], a scraping-iron, scraper, Col. 12, 18, 5.
raeda or rēda (falsely written rhē-da), ae, f. [prob. Celtic: plurima Gallica valuerunt ut raeda ac petorritum, Quint. 1, 5, 57; cf. id. 1, 5, 68], a travelling-carriage or wagon with four wheels, Varr. ap. Non. 167, 25; 451, 17; Caes. B. G. 1, 51, 2; 6, 30, 2; Cic. Mil. 10, 28; id. Phil. 2, 24, 58; id. Att. 5, 17, 1; 6, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 5, 86; 2, 6, 42; Juv. 3, 10.
raedārĭus (rēdārĭus), i, adj. [raeda], of or belonging to a four-wheeled carriage: mulae, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7.
Hence, subst.: raedārĭus, i, m.
- 1. A coachman, the driver of a ræda: raedarium occidunt, Cic. Mil. 10, 29.
- 2. A wagon-builder, coachmaker, Capitol. Max. et Balb. 5, § 1.
Raeti (Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.
Hence,
- 1. Raetia (Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.
- 2. Raetĭcus (Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian: oppida, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130: Alpes, Tac. G. 1: bellum, Suet. Tib. 9: arma, Ov. Tr. 2, 226: copiae, Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.: vinum (of excellent quality), Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.
- 3. Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian: provincia, Tac. G. 41.
- 4. Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian: Alpes, Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.
raia, ae, f., a sea-fish, the ray, Plin. 9, 24, 40, § 78; 9, 42, 67, § 144.
Ralla, ae, m., a Roman surname in the Marcian gens.
- 1. M. Marcius Ralla, Liv. 29, 11.
- 2. Q. Marcius Ralla, Liv. 34, 52.
rallum, i, n. [rado], an instrument for scraping off the earth from the ploughshare, Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179.
* rallus, a, um, adj. dim. [for rarulus, from rarus], thin: tunica, a thin tunic, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 46; cf. Non. 539, 15.
rāmāle, is, n. [ramus], twigs, shoots, sticks, brushwood; very rare in sing.: ut ramale vetus, Pers. 1, 97.
Usually plur.: rāmālia, ium, Ov. M. 8, 644; Pers. 5, 59; Sen. Ep. 90, 10; Tac. A. 13, 58.
rāmenta, ōrum, n.; less freq. in sing., rāmentum, i, n. (collat. form rāmen-ta, ae, f., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 15; 3, 4, 23; id. Rud. 4, 3, 77) [rado].
- I. Lit., what is grated, shaved, or rubbed off; scrapings, shavings, chips, etc. (larger than scobes), Col. 4, 29, 16; id. Arb. 8, 4: uvas scobe ramentisve abietis, populi, fraxini servare, Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 67: ferri, scales struck off by the hammer, Lucr. 6, 1044: auri, Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 62: ligni, id. 24, 2, 2, § 6; 24, 5, 10, § 16: lapidis specularis, id. 36, 22, 45, § 162: ramento e cornibus, id. 21, 2, 3, § 5: ramenta fluminum, what rivers throw up on their banks, grains of sand, id. 33, 4, 21, § 66: sulphuratum, a sulphur-match, Mart. 10, 3.
- * II. Transf., bits, morsels, small pieces, in gen.: patri omne (aurum) cum ramento reddidi, each and every, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 29.
rāmentōsus, a, um, adj. [ramentum], full of little bits, full of small pieces (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Tard. 4, 3.
rāmentum, i, v. ramenta.
* rāmĕus, a, um, adj. [ramus], of or belonging to boughs or branches: fragmenta, i. e. sticks, = ramalia, Verg. G. 4, 303.
rāmex, ĭcis, m. [ramus].
- I. (In plur.) The blood-vessels of the lungs, Plaut. Merc. 1, 27; id. Poen. 3, 1, 37; Varr. ap. Non. 166, 12.
- II. (Sing. and plur.) A rupture, hernia, varicocele, Cels. 7, 18; Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 121; 30, 15, 47, § 137; Juv. 10, 205; Lucil. ap. Non. 166, 15.
- B. A staff, Col. 9, 1, 3.
* rāmĭcōsus, a, um, adj. [ramex], afflicted with hernia, ruptured, Plin. 30, 15, 47, § 136.
Ramises, is, m. (also Rhamises or Rhamses), an ancient king of Egypt, Plin. 36, 8, 14, § 65; Tac. A. 2, 60.
Ramnes and Ramnenses, ĭum, m.
- I. The Latin stock or tribe from whose union with the Taties (Sabines) and Luceres (Etruscans) sprang the most ancient Roman State; form Ramnes, usually applied to the tribe, Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.; Liv. 10, 6, 7; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 31; Ov. F. 3, 131; but it is called Ramnenses, Varr. L. L. 5, § 55.
From them was named,
- II. One of the three centuries of knights instituted by Romulus, usually called Ramnenses, Liv. 1, 13, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 36; but Ramnes in Liv. 1, 36, 2.
Hence, poet. for nobles of the olden time, Hor. A. P. 342.
rāmōsus, a, um, adj. [ramus], full of boughs, having many branches, branching, branchy.
- I. Lit.: arbor, Lucr. 5, 1096: ilex, Ov. M. 8, 237; cf.: domus Silvani, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 5: stipes, Ov. F. 3, 751.
Comp.: lappago, Plin. 26, 10, 65, § 102.
Sup., Tert. Apol. 35.
- II. Transf., branching: cornua cervi, Verg. E. 7, 30: corpora, Lucr. 2, 446; Claud. Cons. Stil. 3, 291: radices, Plin. 21, 15, 52, § 89.
Comp.: folium, Plin. 21, 10, 32, § 58.
Sup.: curalium, Plin. 32, 2, 11, § 22.
Poet., of the clouds, branchy, forked, Lucr. 6, 133.
Of the Lernæan hydra, from whose trunk young serpents grew out like branches, Ov. M. 9, 73: vitae nescius error diducit mentes ramosa in compita, into many devious ways, Pers. 5, 35.
rāmŭla, ae, f. [ramus], the hoof: equorum, Veg. Vet. 1, 56, 31 (al. ungulae); 2, 58, 4.
* rāmŭlōsus, a, um, adj. [ramulus], full of branching veins: folia, Plin. 16, 24, 38, § 92.
rāmŭlus, i, m. dim. [ramus], a little branch or bough, a twig, sprig, Cato, R. R. 101; Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123; Plin. 24, 15, 81, § 132; 27, 12, 88, § 111 al.
rāmus, i, m. [for rad-mus; Sanscr. root vardh, crescere; cf.: radix, radius], a branch, bough, twig (cf.: surculus, termes).
- I. Lit.: in quibus (arboribus) non truncus, non rami, non folia sunt denique, nisi, etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 179; Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 194 Vahl.): qui praetereuntes ramum defringerent arboris, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60: sub ramis arboris, Lucr. 2, 30; 5, 1393: decidere falcibus ramos, id. 5, 936 et saep.: tempora cingite ramis, Verg. A. 5, 71; 8, 286; Val. Fl. 6, 296; Hor. C. 2, 15, 9; id. S. 1, 5, 81: ingens ramorum umbra, Verg. G. 2, 489; id. A. 6, 808.
Poet., for a tree, Verg. A. 3, 650; for the fruit of trees, id. ib. 8, 318; in partic., for frankincense twigs, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 211.
- B. Transf., of things having a branching form.
- 1. A branch of a stag’s antlers, Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 2.
- 2. A spur of a mountain chain, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 134.
- 3. A club, Prop. 1, 1, 13; 4 (5), 9, 15.
- 4. = membrum virile, Nov. ap. Non. 116, 26.
- 5. An arm or mouth of a river: multos ignobiles ramos porrigit (Nilus), Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 11.
- 6. A branch or arm of the Greek letter γ, used by Pythagoras as a symbol of the two paths of life, leading to virtue and vice, Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; hence called Samii rami, Pers. 3, 56.
- II. Trop., a branch: ramos amputare miseriarum, Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: fortitudo, cujus patientia et perpessio et tolerantia rami sunt, Sen. Ep. 67, 10.
Of a branch of consanguinity, Pers. 3, 28.
rāmuscŭlus, i, m. dim. [ramus], a little branch or bough, a twig (late Lat. for ramulus), Hier. Ep. 133, 3; Vulg. Isa. 18, 5.
rāna, ae, f. [for racna; cf.: ranco, racco, to roar, cry out; Germ. röcheln; Gr. λακεῖν; v. Cors. Ausspr. 1, p. 636 sq.].
- I. A frog, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172; Ov. M. 6, 381; 15, 375; Verg. G. 1, 378; 3, 431; Hor. S. 1, 5, 14: pluvias metuo, ranae enim ῤητορεύουσιν, Cic. Att. 15, 16, b.
In partic., the tree-frog, green frog, Plin. 32, 8, 29, § 92; v. rubeta.
The entrails of frogs were used for charms, Juv. 3, 44.
Prov.: inflat se tamquam rana, Petr. 74, 13: qui fuit rana, nunc est rex, said of one who has risen from a lowly station, id. 74, 77 fin.
- II. Transf.
- 1. Rana marina, a sea-fish, the frog-fish, fishing frog, angler: Lophius piscatorius, Linn.; Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125; called also simply rana, Plin. 9, 24, 40, § 78; and: rana piscatrix, id. 9, 42, 67, § 143.
- 2. A push, or swelling on the tongue of beasts, Col. 6, 8, 1; Veg. 3, 3, 12.
rancens, entis, Part., stinking, putrid, rancid (ante- and post-class.), Lucr. 3, 719: axungia, Ser. Samm. 978.
rancesco, ĕre, v. inch. n., to become stinking, grow rancid, Arn. 1, 12.
rancĭdē, adv., v. rancidus.
rancĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [rancidus] (post-Aug.).
- I. Lit., stinking, rank, rancid: opsonia, Juv. 11, 135.
- II. Trop., disgusting, loathsome, offensive: rancidulum quiddam locutus, Pers. 1, 33; cf. Mart. 7, 34, 7.
rancĭdus, a, um, adj. [ranceo, rancens], stinking, rank, rancid.
- I. Lit.: cadavera, Lucr. 6, 1155: aper, Hor. S. 2, 2, 89.
- II. Trop., disgusting, loathsome, offensive: aspectus, Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 92.
Comp.: quid rancidius, quam, etc., Juv. 6, 185.
Sup. does not occur.
Adv.: rancĭdē, nauseously, disgustingly: ficta verba, Gell. 18, 11, 2; 18, 8, 1.
ranco, āre, v. racco.
rancor, ōris, m. [ranceo, rancens].
- I. Lit., a stinking smell or flavor, rankness, rancidity (late Lat.), Pall. 1, 20, 2; 11, 10, 2.
- II. Trop., an old grudge, rancor, Hier. Ep. 13, 1.
rānŭla, ae, f. dim. [rana].
- I. Lit., a little frog, a tadpole, App. M. 9, p. 233, 11.
- II. Transf., a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, Veg. 4, 5, 1 al.
rānuncŭlus, i, m. dim. [rana].
- I. Lit., a little frog, a tadpole, porwigle, Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15.
- II. Transf., jocosely, of the inhabitants of Ulubrae (as residing in the neighborhood of marshes), Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3.
- III. A medicinal plant, called also batrachion, perh. crowfoot, ranunculus, Plin. 25, 13, 109, § 172; Tert. Spect. 27.
rāpa, ae, v. rapum.
* rāpācĭa, ōrum, n. [rapum], turnip tops, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127; v. rapicius.
* răpācĭda, ae, m. [rapax], robber, a comically formed patronymic, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 8.
răpācĭtas, ātis, f. [rapax], greediness, rapacity: quis in rapacitate avarior, Cic. Cael. 6, 13; Suet. Tit. 7; Just. 38, 7, 8; Mart. 6, 72, 1: dirae filius es rapacitatis, id. 12, 53, 7.
răpax, ācis, adj. [rapio], grasping, greedy of plunder, rapacious.
- I. Lit. (class.; syn. furax): vos rapaces, vos praedones, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 26; id. Pers. 3, 3, 6: olim furunculus, nunc vero etiam rapax, Cic. Pis. 27, 66; so with fur, id. Verr. 2, 3, 2, § 4: inopiā rapax, Suet. Dom. 3: procuratorum rapacissimum quemque, id. Vesp. 16; cf. Tac. H. 1, 20: Cinara, i. e. eager for presents, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 33; so Tib. 1, 5, 59; 2, 4, 25: cervi, luporum praeda rapacium, Hor. C. 4, 4, 50; id. Epod. 16, 20; cf. Harpyiae, id. S. 2, 2, 40.
As subst.: răpax, ācis, comm., a beast of prey, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247.
- 2. Of things, rapacious, ravenous (mostly poet.): falces rapaces, Lucr. 3, 650: ventus, Ov. A. A. 1, 388: ignis, id. M. 8, 837: mors, Tib. 1, 3, 65; cf. Orcus, Hor. C. 2, 18, 30: fortuna, id. ib. 1, 34, 14: dentes, fangs, tusks, Veg. 6, 1, 1.
With gen.: chryselectrum rapacissimum ignium, very ignitible, Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 51.
As a poet. epithet of floods: amnes, Lucr. 5, 341: fluvii, id. 1, 17: unda, Cic. poët. N. D. 3, 10, 24: undae, Ov. M. 8, 550: Danubius, id. ad Liv. 397.
Hence, transf., an appellation of the twenty-first legion and the soldiers composing it (qs. that sweeps every thing before it), Tac. H. 2, 43; 100; 3, 14; 18; 22.
- II. Trop. (rare), with gen., grasping, seizing eagerly or quickly, greedy, avaricious: nihil est rapacius quam natura, Cic. Lael. 14, 50: rapacia virtutis ingenia, Sen. Ep. 95, 36: nostri omnium utilitatum et virtutum rapacissimi, Plin. 25, 2, 2, § 4.
† răphănīnus, a, um, adj., = ῤαφάνινος, of radishes, made from radishes: oleum, Plin. 23, 4, 49, § 94.
† răphănītis, ĭdis, f., = ῤαφανῖτις, the sword-lily, Plin. 21, 7, 19, § 41.
† răphănos agrĭa, f., = ῤάφανος ἀγρία, a sort of wild-radish, Plin. 26, 8, 46, § 72.
† răphănus, i, m. (f., Pall. 9, 5), = ῤάφανος, a radish, Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 78 sqq.; 20, 4, 12, § 22; Col. 11, 3, 47; 59; Cato, R. R. 35, 2; Cat. 15, 19.
rāpīcĭus, a, um, adj. [rapum], of or belonging to rapes or turnips, rape-, turnip-: coles, Cato, R. R. 35, 2: semen, rape-seed, id. ib. 134, 1.
As subst.: rāpīcĭi, ōrum, m. (sc. caules), turnip-shoots, young turnipplants, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127.
răpĭdē, adv., v. rapidus fin.
răpĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [rapidus], swiftness of a stream that carries all before it; velocity, rapidity (only in the foll. passages): fluminis, Caes. B. C. 1, 62, 2; id. B. G. 4, 17, 2; Front. Strat. 1, 6, 2.
* răpĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [id.], swift, rapid: sonitus, Mart. Cap. 8, § 804.
răpĭdus, a, um, adj. [rapio], tearing away, seizing.
- I. Lit. (very rare, and only poet.): ferae, Ov. H. 10, 96; 11, 111 (but in Lucr. 4, 712, the correct read. is rabidi leones).
Of hunting-dogs: agmen, a tearing, fierce pack, Ov. M. 3, 242; cf. Lucr. 5, 890.
Of fierce, consuming heat: aestus, Verg. E. 2, 10: sol, id. G. 1, 92: Sirius, id. ib. 4, 425: flamma, Ov. M. 2, 123: ignis, Verg. G. 4, 263; Ov. M. 7, 326; 8, 225; 12, 274.
Of a consuming pyre, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 20.
As epithet of the sea (qs. devouring), Tib. 1, 2, 40 (al. rabidus).
- II. Transf., tearing or hurrying along, swift, quick, rapid (the predom. and class. signif.; esp. freq. in the poets).
- 1. Of waters: fluvius, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 52; id. Men. prol. 64 sq.: torrens, Verg. A. 2, 305: amnis, Hor. S. 1, 10, 62; Lucr. 1, 14: flumen, Caes. B. C. 1, 50; Hor. S. 2, 3, 242; Tib. 1, 2, 44 Huschk. N. cr.; Quint. 6, 2, 6 al.; cf.: lapsus fluminum (along with celeres venti), Hor. C. 1, 12, 9: Tigris, id. ib. 4, 14, 46: procellae, Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 45: undae (as a mere epitheton ornans), Ov. M. 7, 6.
Sup.: flumen, Caes. B. C. 1, 50 fin.
- 2. Of other hurrying, rapidly moving things: turbo, Lucr. 6, 668; cf. venti, Verg. A. 6, 75: Notus, Hor. C. 1, 28, 21: ignis Jovis, Verg. A. 1, 42: sol, Hor. C. 2, 9, 12; cf.: axis (solis), Ov. F. 3, 518: orbis, id. M. 2, 73; and: caelum, Stat. Th. 1, 197: equi, Ov. F. 5, 592; cf.: volucris rapidissima, id. M. 2, 716: manus, Verg. A. 8, 442: currus, id. ib. 12, 478; cf. cursus, id. ib. 12, 683: agmen, Tac. H. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 11, 906: bella, Claud. Cons. Stil. 1, 188: impetus, Flor. 4, 7, 12: venenum, i. e. quickworking, Tac. A. 12, 67; so, virus, id. ib. 13, 15 fin.: pestis, Sil. 7, 351: vires, id. 4, 678.
- B. Trop., hurried, impetuous, vehement, hasty: oratio, Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3: rapidus in consiliis, over-hasty, precipitate, Liv. 22, 12 fin.: rapidus proelia miscet, Sil. 1, 266: rapidus in urbem vectus, Tac. H. 2, 54.
Hence, adv.: răpĭdē, acc. to II., hurriedly, hastily, quickly, rapidly: dilapsus (fluvius), Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6: iter confecit (along with festinanter), Suet. Calig. 43.
Comp.: eo rapidius … venit Rigodulum, Tac. H. 4, 71.
Trop.: quod (παθητικόν) cum rapide fertur, sustineri nullo pacto potest, Cic. Or. 37, 128.
1. răpīna, ae, f. [rapio].
- I. Robbery, plundering, pillage, rapine (class.; in anteAug. prose, as also in Tac., Suet., Verg., and Hor., only in plur.; syn. praeda): nihil cogitant, nisi caedes, nisi incendia, nisi rapinas, Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10: avaritia in rapinis, id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3: hostem rapinis prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 15; Hirt. B. G. 8, 25, 1: spes rapinarum, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 3; Sall. C. 5, 2; 16, 4; 57, 1; Vell. 2, 32 fin.; 2, 83, 2; Cat. 19, 19 al.: an furtis pereamve rapinis, Hor. S. 2, 3, 157.
In sing., esp. the act of robbery, the business or habit of plunder: per latrocinia ac rapinam tolerantes vitam, Liv. 26, 40, 17: a rapinā hostium templa vindicare, Just. 8, 2, 9: bonorum atque hominum, id. 8, 5, 9: cum rapinae occasio deesset, id. 21, 3, 1; 43, 2, 9; Val. Max. 6, 8, 7; 9, 3, 7; Sen. Polyb. 3, 4; id. ad Marc. 10, 4; id. Const. 6, 2; id. Ep. 72, 8; Col. 8, 11, 1: terra patuit invita rapinae, Ov. M. 5, 492; 10, 28: ad nullius rei rapinam, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 9; so, alimenti, a withdrawing, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 239; 2, 68, 68, § 173: dum ei rapinam fecit, Dig. 31, 1, 88, § 16: promissae signa rapinae, of carrying off, Ov. M. 14, 818.
- 2. Concr., prey, plunder, booty (poet. and late Lat.); abstractaeque boves abjurataeque rapinae, * Verg. A. 8, 263: piscator ferat aequorum rapinas, Mart. 10, 87, 18; 8, 78, 8: et rapina pauperis in domo vestrā, Vulg. Isa. 3, 14; 33, 23.
Plur.: rapinas dissipare, Vulg. Dan. 11, 24.
- * II. A collecting together, removing: opum suarum, Auct. Aetn. 611.
2. rāpīna, ae, f. [rapum].
- I. A turnip-field, Col. 11, 2, 71.
- II. Transf., a turnip, rape, Cato, R. R. 5, 8; 35, 2; Inscr. Fratr. Arv. 41, 30 (2270 ap. Orell.).
* răpīnātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. rapina], plundering, rapine, pillage: rapinationes facere, M. Aur. ap. Front. 2, 15.
răpīnātor, ōris, m. [1. rapina], a robber, only Lucil. and Varr. ap. Non. 129, 29, and 167, 20 sq.
răpĭo, pŭi, ptum, 3 (old perf. subj. rapsit, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; part. perf. fem. ex raptabus, Gell. ap. Charis. p. 39 P.), v. a. [root ἁρπ; Gr. ἅρπη, a bird of prey, ἁρπαγή, ἁρπάζω; Lat. rapidus, rapax, rapina, etc.; cf. Sanscr. lup-, lumpāmi, rumpo; Gr. λῦπή], to seize and carry off, to snatch, tear, drag, draw, or hurry away, = violenter sive celeriter capio (freq. and class.; in Cæs. not at all, and in Cic. mostly in the trop. signif.; cf.: ago, fero, traho, capio, sumo).
- I. Lit.
- A. In gen., Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 15; 30; 31: quo rapitis me? quo fertis me? id. Men. 5, 7, 10; cf. Verg. A. 6, 845; Ov. M. 9, 121: quo me cunque rapit tempestas? Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 15; cf. id. C. 3, 25, 1: sumasne pudenter an rapias, snatch, id. Ep. 1, 17, 45; cf. id. S. 1, 5, 76: hostes vivos rapere soleo ex acie: ex hoc nomen mihi est (sc. Harpax), Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 60: te ex lustris uxor, id. As. 5, 2, 84: volucri spe et cogitatione rapi a domo, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 7: ab aede rapuit funale, Ov. M. 12, 247: torrem ab aris, id. ib. 12, 271: deque sinu matris ridentem . . . Learchum . . . rapit, id. ib. 4, 516 (for which, simply sinu, id. ib. 13, 450): hastam, de vulnere, id. ib. 5, 137: telum, Verg. A. 10, 486: repagula de posti, Ov. M. 5, 120: (frondes) altā rapit arbore ventus, id. ib. 3, 730: vi atque ingratis … rapiam te domum, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40: aliquem sublimem domum, id. As. 5, 2, 18; cf.: sublimem, id. Mil. 5, 1; id. Men. 5, 7, 6; Ter. And. 5, 2, 20: commeatum in naves rapiunt, Liv. 41, 3: aliquem in jus, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 21; so, in jus, id. Poen. 5, 5, 56; Hor. S. 1, 9, 77; 2, 3, 72; cf.: in jus ad regem, Liv. 1, 26: in carcerem, Suet. Tib. 11; 61: aliquem ad cornuficem, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 156; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 37: ad praetorem, id. Aul. 4, 10, 30: ad supplicium ob facinus, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 238: ad mortem, id. Verr. 2, 5, 52, § 138; id. Cat. 1, 10, 27: ad tortorem, id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13: ad poenam, Suet. Claud. 10; 37; id. Vit. 14: ad consulem, Liv. 10, 20: matres, virgines, pueros ad stuprum, id. 26, 13: teneram virginem ad virum, Cat. 61, 3 (cf.: rapi simulatur virgo ex gremio matris, aut, si ea non est, ex proximā necessitudine, cum ad virum traditur, quod videlicet ea res feliciter Romulo cessit, Fest. p. 289 Müll.): illum (sc. lembum) in praeceps prono rapit alveus amni, Verg. G. 1, 203: nec variis obsita frondibus Sub divum rapiam, drag into open day, Hor. C. 1, 18, 13.
Poet.: Nasonis carmina rapti, i. e. torn from his home, borne far away, Ov. P. 4, 16, 1; cf. id. H. 13, 9; Stat. S. 3, 5, 6.
- B. With the idea of swiftness predominating: Turnus rapit Totam aciem in Teucros, Verg. A. 10, 308: rapit agmina ductor, Luc. 1, 228: agmina cursu, Sil. 7, 116: legiones, Plin. Pan. 14: curru rapi, Sil. 1, 134: quattuor hinc rapimur raedis, Hor. S. 1, 5, 86: Notus rapit biremes, Sil. 17, 276: carinas venti rapuere, Luc. 3, 46: rapit per aequora navem, hurries it away, Verg. A. 10, 660; cf.: ventis per aequora, Ov. M. 14, 470: missos currus, Hor. S. 1, 1, 114: pedes quo te rapiunt, id. C. 3, 11, 49: arma rapiat juventus, snatch up, Verg. A. 7, 340; so, arma, Ov. M. 2, 603: arma manu, Verg. A. 8, 220: bipennem dextrā, id. ib. 11, 651: cingula, id. ib. 9, 364.
- 2. With reflex. pron., to hasten, hurry, tear one’s self, etc.: ocius hinc te Ni rapis, Hor. S. 2, 7, 118; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 5, 29: se ad caedem optimi cujusque, Cic. Phil. 13, 8, 18.
- C. In partic.
- 1. To carry off by force; to seize, rob, ravish; to plunder, ravage, lay waste, take by assault, carry by force, etc. (very freq.; cf. praedor), Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 11: erat ei vivendum latronum ritu, ut tantum haberet, quantum rapere potuisset, Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 62: tamquam pilam rapiunt inter se rei publicae statum tyranm ab regibus, id. Rep. 1, 44, 68: virgines rapi jussit … quae raptae erant, etc., id. ib. 2, 7, 12; 2, 8, 14; so, virgines, to carry off, abduct, Sall. C. 51, 9; Liv. 1, 9; Quint. 7, 7, 3; 9, 2, 70; Hor. C. 2, 4, 8; Ov. M. 12, 225; id. A. A. 1, 680: raptus a dis Ganymedes, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65: ab Idā, Hor. C. 3, 20, 16: omne sacrum rapiente dextrā, id. ib. 3, 3, 52: alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama, pillage and plunder, Verg. A. 2, 374 (the Homeric ἄγουσι και φέρουσι; for which, in prose, ferre et agere; v. ago); cf.: rapturus moenia Romae, Luc. 3, 99: Theumeson, to seize by force, Stat. Th. 4, 370: Armeniam, to plunder, lay waste, Tac. A. 13, 6: Karthaginem, Sil. 15, 401: urbem, Stat. Th. 7, 599: raptas ad litora vertere praedas, Verg. A. 1, 528.
Absol.: rapio propalam, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 10: ut Spartae, rapere ubi pueri et clepere discunt, Cic. Rep. 4, 5, 11 (Non. 20, 14): agunt, rapiunt, tenent, id. Rep. 3, 33, 45 Mos.; cf. along with trahere, Sall. C. 11, 4; id. J. 41, 5; with congerere, auferre, Mart. 8, 44, 9.
With the idea of rapidity predominating: castra urbesque primo impetu rapere, to conquer rapidly (= raptim capere), Liv. 6, 23, 5 Drak.; so, castra, Flor. 3, 20, 4; 4, 12, 34: Bithyniam, id. 3, 5, 6: Hispaniam, id. 2, 17, 6: arces, Luc. 6, 14.
Part. perf. subst.
- (α) rapta, ae, f., the ravished one, the seduced: gratus raptae raptor fuit, Ov. A. A. 1, 680; id. H. 5, 97; 13, 55; 16, 339; id. F. 4, 607.
- (β) raptum, i, n., the plunder, that which is stolen: rapto vivere, to live by robbery, Liv. 7, 25 fin.; 22, 39; 28, 24: Quint. 3, 7, 24; Sen. Ep. 70 fin.; Curt. 3, 10 fin.; Just. 41, 4, 7; Verg. A. 7, 749; Ov. M. 11, 291; id. Tr. 5, 10, 16; for which: ex rapto vivere, id. M. 1, 144; so, rapto gaudere, Liv. 29, 6, 3 Drak.: rapto potiri, Verg. A. 4, 217: rapto uti, Vell. 2, 73, 3: sine rapto vivere, id. 2, 32 fin.
- 2. To cut off, mutilate (poet.): caput, Sil. 15, 807: ora gladio, id. 7, 704: rapuit non dente ferarum, Luc. 10, 517.
- 3. To carry off suddenly or prematurely by death, to snatch away (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): improvisa leti Vis rapuit rapietque gentes, Hor. C. 2, 13, 20; so id. ib. 2, 17, 5; 4, 2, 21; id. Ep. 1, 14, 7; Verg. A. 6, 428; Ov. P. 4, 11, 5; Stat. S. 2, 1, 208; 5, 3, 16; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 46; Suet. Calig. 7; Just. 2, 2, 13 (but Liv. 3, 50, 8: fato erepta, v. Drak.)
Absol.: et labor et durae rapit inclementia mortis, i. e. hurries on, Verg. G. 3, 68: RAPTA EST = obiit, Inscr. Orell. 4475.
- II. Transf. (poet.), of any action or motion which resembles seizing, snatching, etc.: flammanm, to catch quickly, Verg. A. 1, 176; Ov. M. 3, 374; cf.: incendia, id. ib. 15, 350: nigrum colorem, to take or assume quickly, id. ib. 7, 289; cf.: vim monstri, id. ib. 4, 744; and v. III.: Halesus Turno feroces Mille rapit populos, leads hastily on, Verg. A. 7, 725; cf. id. ib. 10, 178: rapiuntque ruuntque; Litora deseruere, take hold, seize in haste (the cables, etc.), id. ib. 4, 581; cf.: scalas, Auct. B. Alex. 20, 4.
Of the gliding movement of a serpent nec rapit immensos orbes per humum, sweeps along, Verg. G. 2, 153: pars densa ferarum Tecta rapit, i. e. range quickly through, Verg. A. 6, 8 Heyne; cf.: acrior et campum sonipes rapit, Stat. Th. 5, 3.
- III. Trop.
- A. In gen., to snatch, force, or hurry away: fertur quasi torrens oratio, quamvis multa cujusquemodi rapiat, Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3: ipsae res verba rapiunt, carry along with them, id. ib. 3, 5, 19: aspice me quanto rapiat Fortuna periclo, carries away (the figure taken from a storm at sea), Prop. 1, 15, 3: aliquem in deteriorem viam, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 54; cf.: (comoediam) in pejorem partem, i. e. to put a bad construction upon, to misconstrue, misrepresent, Ter. Ad. prol. 3: consilium meum in contrariam partem, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 2: aliquem in invidiam, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 7: opinionibus vulgi rapimur in errorem, id. Leg. 2, 17, 43: si quis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve, Verg. A. 9, 211; Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 13: cum aliqua his ampla et honesta res objecta est, totos ad se convertit et rapit, seizes upon, appropriates, id. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf.: commoda ad se, id. ib. 3, 5, 22: victoriae gloriam in se, Liv. 33, 11 fin.: almum Quae rapit hora diem, snatches away, Hor. C. 4, 7, 8; cf.: simul tecum solatia rapta, Verg. E. 9, 18: impetus rapit huc, rapit illuc, Stat. Th. 12, 794.
- B. In partic.
- 1. To carry along or away with passion, to transport, ravish, captivate; and with a designation of the limit, to carry or hurry away, to attract strongly to any thing (usually in a bad sense): impetu raptus, Quint. 7, 2, 44: judicem rapere, id. 6, 2, 3; cf. id. 10, 1, 110; 12, 10, 61: praedae ac rapinarum cupiditas caeca te rapiebat, Cic. Pis. 24, 57: amentiā rapi, id. Fam. 16, 12, 2: furorne caecus, an rapit vis acrior, An culpa? Hor. Epod. 7, 13; cf.: in medias res auditorem, id. A. P. 149: utraque forma rapit, Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 44: quem (sc. leonem) cruenta Per medias rapit ira caedes, Hor. C. 3, 2, 12: rapit omnes ira, Sil. 14, 299: ὁρμή, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit, Cic. Off. 1, 28 fin.; cf. Verg. A. 4, 286; 8, 21: ad quas (res) plerique inflammati aviditate rapiuntur, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38: animus cupidine caecus ad inceptum scelus rapiebat, Sall. J. 25, 7: ea (cupiditas) ad oppugnandam Capuam rapit, Liv. 7, 30 et saep.
In a good sense: qui ad divinarum rerum cognitionem curā omni studioque rapiantur, Cic. Div. 1, 49, 111: rapi ad opes augendas generis humani, id. Rep. 1, 2, 3.
Poet., with inf. (for ad aliquid): (mundus) rapit aetherios per carmina pandere census, Manil. 1, 12.
- 2. To seize by violence, to snatch, steal (poet.): Hippodameam raptis nactu’st nuptiis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 398 Vahl.): oscula, Hor. C. 2, 12, 28; Tib. 1, 4, 53; 55; 1, 8, 58; cf.: Venerem incertam, Hor. S. 1, 3, 109; cf.: sed rapiat sitiens Venerem, but may eagerly seize upon, Verg. G. 3, 137: illicitas voluptates, Tac. H. 3, 41: spem adoptionis acrius in dies, id. ib. 1, 13 fin.: quo facinore dominationem raptum ierit expediam, id. A. 4, 1; cf. id. H. 2, 6.
- 3. With the idea of rapidity or haste predominating, to snatch, seize, or lay hold of quickly, to hasten, precipitate (poet.; in prose only since the Aug. per.): vive, Ulixes, dum licet: Oculis postremum lumen radiatum rape: non dixit cape, non pete; haberet enim moram sperantis diutius sese victurum; sed rape, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 162 (from an old poet.): rapiamus, amici, Occasionem de die, Hor. Epod. 13, 3; so, occasionem, Juv. 15, 39: viam, to hasten, Ov. H. 19, 74 Loers; cf. iter, Sil. 12, 471: gressus, Luc. 3, 116: cursus, id. 5, 403: letum, id. 4, 345: bellum, to wage suddenly, id. 5, 403: nefas, to hasten, precipitate, id. 10, 428: ut limis rapias, quid prima secundo Cera velit versu, may hastily note, Hor. S. 2, 5, 53 al.
In prose: raptae prope inter arma nuptiae, Liv. 30, 14, 2 Drak.: repente impetu facto transitum rapuit, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 8: inter rapienda momenta periculorum communium, Amm. 18, 7, 7 et saep.
- 4. In late Lat., to strive for in purchasing: exemplaria litterarum certatim, Hier. Ep. 57, 2: librum totā certatim urbe, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 23.
rāpistrum, i, n. [rapum], the wildrape; Col. 9, 4, 5.
* răpo, ōnis, m. [rapio], a robber (anteclass.; v. raptor), Varr. ap. Non. 26, 32.
‡ rapso, āre, i. q. rapto, to snatch or hurry away: RAPSATA, Inscr. Orell. 4859.
raptim, adv. [raptus, from rapio], by snatching or hurrying away, i. e.,
- I. Violently, greedily, rapaciously (very rare): ludunt raptim pila, Nov. ap. Non. 96, 20: semine raptim avium fame devorato, Plin. 17, 14, 22, § 99.
Far more freq. and class.,
- II. Hastily, suddenly, speedily, hurriedly: mittere, Lucr. 1, 662: haec scripsi raptim, ut, etc., Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1: cui donet inpermissa raptim Gaudia, Hor. C. 3, 6, 27: aliquem sequi, Liv 26, 5: omnia raptim atque turbate aguntur, Caes. B. C. 1, 5; cf.: raptim omnia praepropere agendo, Liv. 22, 19: praecipitata raptim consilia, id. 31, 32: proelium inire raptim et avide, id. 9, 35: ignis raptim factus, id. 21, 14: agmen ducere, Curt. 5, 13, 1; Tac. A. 1, 56: illa levem fugiens raptim secat aethera pennis, swiftly flying, Verg. G. 1, 409: fruaris tempore raptim, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 198 et saep. (old form raptē, Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 651).
raptĭo, ōnis, f. [rapio], a carrying off, abduction, ravishing, rape (ante- and postclass.): in raptione affuisse, * Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 2: Proserpinae, Arn. 5, 183: Helenae, Aus. Per. Iliad. prooem. § 4.
‡ raptĭto, āre, v. freq. [id.], acc. to Gell. 9, 6 fin.
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