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bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Müll.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence δείδω, δέος], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. μάλα, μᾶλλον], better; sup. optimus (optu-mus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

  1. I. Attributively.
    1. A. As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
      1. 1. Vir bonus.
          1. (α) A man morally good (καλὸς κἀγαθός): quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60: omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28: ille vir bonus qui … intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem, id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus, id. Off. 3, 15, 64: qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc. … hos viros bonos … appellandos putemus, id. Lael. 5, 19: non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro, id. Att. 7, 2, 4: ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12: nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior, id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.
          2. (β) An honest man: justitia, ex quā viri boni nominantur, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71; 3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset, id. ib. 3, 19, 77: quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate, id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.
          3. (γ) A man of good standing in the community: id viri boni arbitratu deducetur, Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149: tuam partem viri bono arbitratu … dari oportet, Dig. 17, 1, 35; 37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55: vir bonus est … quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.
            Hence, ironically of wealthy men: praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt, Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.
          4. (δ) Ironically of bad men: sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30: expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur, Cic. Cael. 26, 63: nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est, id. Agr. 3, 3, 13; so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir! Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11: quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas? Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.
            (ε) Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.): bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi? Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.
            (ζ) As a conventional courtesy: homines optimi non intellegunt, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25: bone accusator, id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58: sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus, gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.
            For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.
      2. 2. Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3: in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.
      3. 3. With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence: bonus consul, Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4): boni tribuni plebis, Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25: bonus senator, id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37: senator bonus, id. Dom. 4, 8: bonus judex, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34: bonus augur (ironically), id. Phil. 2, 32, 80: bonus vates, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27: bonus imperator, Sall. C. 60, 4: bonus dux, Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.: naturam, optimam ducem, the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5): bonus miles, Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5: bonus orator, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10: optimus orator, id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3: poëta bonus, id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10: scriptor bonus, Quint. 10, 1, 104: bonus advocatus, id. 5, 13, 10: bonus defensor, id. 5, 13, 3: bonus altercator, a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10: bonus praeceptor, id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22: bonus gubernator, Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100: optimus opifex, Hor. S. 1, 3, 133: sutor bonus, id. ib. 1, 3, 125: actor optimus, Cic. Sest. 57, 122: cantor optimus est modulator, Hor. S. 1, 3, 130: melior gladiator, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56: bonus paterfamilias, a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1: bonus servus, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58: dominus bonus, Cato, R. R. 14: bonus custos, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.
        Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57: filius bonus, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9: patres, Quint. 11, 3, 178: parens, id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15: uxor melior, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: amicus, id. Fam. 2, 15, 3: amicus optimus, Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18: optimus testis, Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2: auctor, in two senses, good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3; and = bonus scriptor (post-class.), Quint. 10, 1, 74.
        Esp.: bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publicā ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eādem continere, id. ib. 2, 23, 83: eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum, Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch: optimus et fortissimus civis, Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.
      4. 4. Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
          1. (α) In gen.: sed te bonus Mercurius perdat, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23: fata … bonique divi, Hor. C. 4, 2, 38: divis orte bonis, id. ib. 4, 5, 1: O bone deus! Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.
          2. (β) Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter: (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc., id. ib. 3, 36, 87: in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi, id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22: nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi, id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.
          3. (γ) Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise: di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac! Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16: di boni, boni quid porto! Ter. And. 2, 2, 1: di boni, quid hoc morbi est, id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86: alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat! Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.
          4. (δ) Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.
      5. 5. Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
          1. (α) Vir optimus: per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur, Cic. Sest. 1, 2: virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium, id. ib. 35, 76: fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum, id. ib.: consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos, id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.
          2. (β) Femina bona, optima: tua conjunx bona femina, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16: hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater, id. ib.
          3. (γ) Senex, pater, frater, etc.: optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis, Cic. Planc. 41, 97: insuevit pater optimus hoc me, Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12: C. Marcelli, fratris optimi, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.
          4. (δ) With proper names (poet.): optimus Vergilius, Hor. S. 1, 6, 54: Maecenas optimus, id. ib. 1, 5, 27: optime Quinti, id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.
            (ε) Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors: quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen? Plin. Pan. 2, 7: gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps! Sen. Tranq. 14. 4: ex epistulā optimi imperatoris Antonini, Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.: bene te patriae pater optime Caesar, Ov. F. 2, 637: optime Romulae Custos gentis, Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.
      6. 6. Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
          1. (α) Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22): Bonae Deae pulvinaribus, Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf. in mal. part., Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.
          2. (β) Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.
          3. (γ) Bona Fortuna: si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris, Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22: Bonae Fortunae (signum), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE, Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq.
          4. (δ) Bona Spes: Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12: BONAE SPEI, Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.
            (ε) BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.: Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono, Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    2. B. With nouns denoting things.
      1. 1. Things concrete, denoting excellence: navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est … sed stabilis et firma, Sen. Ep. 76, 13: gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc., id. ib. 76, 14: id vinum erit lene et bono colore, Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9: tabulas … collocare in bono lumine, Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quāvis oleā oleum … bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3: per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato, id. ib. 73; cf.: bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine, Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28: praedium bonum caelum habeat, good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1: bonā tempestate, in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4: (praedium) solo bono valeat, by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1: bonae (aedes) cum curantur male, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24: villam bonam, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55: bonus pons, Cat. 17, 5: scyphi optimi (= optime facti), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32: perbona toreumata, id. ib. 2, 4, 18, § 38: bona domicilia, comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95: agrum Meliorem nemo habet, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12: fundum meliorem, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14: equus melior, id. Inv. 1, 31, 52: bona cena, Cat. 13, 3: boni nummi, good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91: super omnia vultus accessere boni, good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678: mulier bonā formā, of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13: equus formae melioris, Hor. S. 2, 7, 52: tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur, fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33: fruges bonae, Cat. 34, 19: ova suci melioris, of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.
        Trop.: animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.: bonum omen, 2. e.), Quint. 6, 3, 69: scio te bonā esse voce, ne clama nimis, good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so, bona firmaque vox, Quint. 11, 3, 13.
      2. 2. Things abstract.
        1. a. Of physical well-being: ut si qui neget sine bonā valetudine posse bene vivi, Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.: non bonus somnus de prandio est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8: bona aetas, prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48: optimā aetate, id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.
          Ironically: bonā, inquis, aetate, etc., Sen. Ep. 76, 1.
        2. b. Of the mind and soul: meliore esse sensu, Cic. Sest. 21, 47: optima indoles, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61: bona conscientia, Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5: bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo, with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5: mens melior, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.
          Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31: duos optimae indolis filios, Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5: bonum consilium, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121: bona voluntas, a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31: memoria bona, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2: bona ratio cum perditā … confligit, id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: bonae rationes, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50: pronuntiatio bona, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.
        3. c. Of moral relations: ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1; v. e. infra): si ego in causā tam bonā cessi tribuni plebis furori, Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220: fac, sis, bonae frugi sies, of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. β.): vilicus disciplinā bonā utatur. Cato, R. R. 5: bona studia, moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25: quidquid vitā meliore parasti, Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises: Juppiter, te bonas preces precor, Cato, R. R. 134; 139.
        4. d. Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness: bono usui estis nulli, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15: Optumo optume optumam operam das, id. Am. 1, 1, 122: bonam dedistis mihi operam, a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bonā operā aut malā Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102; v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis … gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121: bonum otium, valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1: bonis versibus, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74: versus meliores, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81: meliora poemata, Hor. A. P. 303: in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optimā, Cic. Or. 8, 26: optimas fabulas, id. Off. 1, 31, 114: melius munus, id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.
        5. e. Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate: de Procilio rumores non boni, unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5: bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est, about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1: si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortunā, id. Pis. 29, 71; cf. fortunā optimā esse, to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2: occasio tam bona, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9: senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc., Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32: bona navigatio, id. N. D. 3, 34, 83; esp. in phrase bona spes.
          Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.
          Subject.: ego sum spe bonā, Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16: optimā spe, id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.
          Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1; v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa, more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6: melior interpretatio, Tac. H. 3, 65: cum laude et bonis recordationibus, id. A. 4, 38: amnis Doctus iter melius, i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68: omen bonum, a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf. Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen, Ov. F. 1, 221; optimum, Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2: bona scaeva, Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24: auspicio optumo, id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.: memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore, Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.
        6. f. Of public affairs, si mihi bonā re publicā frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93: optima res publica, id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19: minus bonis temporibus, id. Dom. 4, 8; so, optimis temporibus, id. Sest. 3, 6: nostrae res meliore loco videbantur, id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1: lex optima, id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.
        7. g. Good = large, considerable: bono atque amplo lucro, Plaut. Am. prol. 6: bona librorum copia, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.: bona copia cornu, Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. γ.
        8. h. Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94: si bono genere natus sit, Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.
        9. k. Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
          1. (α) Bonā veniā or cum bonā veniā, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bonā veniā orare, expetere, etc.: primum abs te hoc bonā veniā expeto, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31: bonā tuā veniā dixerim, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34: orāvit bonā veniā Quirites, ne, etc., Liv. 7, 41, 3: obsecro vos.. bonā veniā vestrā liceat, etc., id. 6, 40, 10: cum bonā veniā quaeso audiatis, etc., id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = veniā bonā oro, Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.
          2. (β) Bona pax, without quarrelling: bona pax sit potius, let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7; so especially cum bonā pace, or bonā pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bonā pace incolentium … pervenit, without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.
          3. (γ) Amicitia bona = bonā fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship: igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit, Sall. J. 5, 5.
          4. (δ) Bona societas, alliance: Segestes, memoriā bonae societatis, impavidus, Tac. A. 1, 58.
    3. C. In particular phrases.
      1. 1. Bonae res.
        1. a. = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete: concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87: optimis rebus usus est, he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.
        2. b. = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity: bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45: in bonis rebus, Hor. C. 2, 3, 2.
        3. c. Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth (poet.): in re bonā esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.
          Also an object of value: homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla, who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1.
        4. d. Costly things, articles of luxury: capere urbem in Arabiā plenam bonarum rerum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82: nimium rei bonae, id. Stich. 2, 3, 55: ignorantia bonarum rerum, Nep. Ages. 8, 5’ bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110: re bonā copiosum esse, Gell. 16, 19, 7.
        5. e. Moral, morally good: illi cum res non bonas tractent, Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72: ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent, id. ib. 1, 4, 15: quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati? id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58: quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus, id. Sen. 18, 65.
        6. f. In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions: res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat? Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8: studiis generorum, praesertim in re bonā, Plaut. Am. 8, 26.
      2. 2. Bonae artes.
          1. (α) A good, laudable way of dealing: qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit, Sall. C. 2, 9: huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit, id. ib. 11, 2: quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat, Tac. A. 6, 46.
          2. (β) Liberal arts and sciences: litteris aut ulli bonae arti, Quint. 12, 1, 7: conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum, Cic. Sest. 32, 77.
            Esp.: optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.
      3. 3. Bona fides, or fides bona.
        1. a. Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bonā solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14: dic, bonā fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti? Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33: si tibi optimā fide omnia concessit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.
          Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.
        2. b. Jurid. t. t.
          1. (α) Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another: ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.
            Hence, alienam rem bonā fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2; 41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos, ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one’s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.
            Hence,
          2. (β) Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the prætorian edict in favor of equity: actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc., Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.
            In the republican time the prætor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bonā, or, in full: quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bonā, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66: iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bonā, id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.
      4. 4. Bona verba.
          1. (α) Kind words: Bona verba quaeso, Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.
          2. (β) Words of good omen (v. omen): dicamus bona verba, Tib. 2, 2, 1: dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero, Ov. F. 2, 638.
          3. (γ) Elegant or well-chosen expressions: quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis, Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51: verborum bonorum cursu, id. Brut. 66, 233: omnia verba sunt alicubi optima, Quint. 10, 1, 9.
          4. (δ) Moral sayings: non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1.
      5. 5. Bona dicta.
          1. (α) Polite, courteous language: hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis, Plaut. Am. prol. 25.
          2. (β) Witticisms (bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222: dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22: ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus, id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.
      6. 6. Bona facta.
          1. (α) = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds: nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant), Tac. A. 3, 40.
          2. (β) Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.): bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea, Plaut. Poen. prol. 16: haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit, id. ib. 45.
            Hence,
          3. (γ) Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well: peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit, Suet. Caes. 80: et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius … usquam esset, id. Vit. 14: hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus, Aur. Vict. 49; cf.: o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum, Tert. Pud. 1.
      7. 7. Bona gratia.
          1. (α) A friendly understanding: cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bonā Ut componantur gratiā quam cum malā? Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so, per gratiam bonam abire, to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.
            In jest: sine bonā gratiā abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.
          2. (β) Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.
      8. 8. Bona pars.
          1. (α) The well-disposed part of a body of persons: ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit, Liv. 21, 4, 1: pars melior senatūs ad meliora responsa trahere, id. 7, 21, 6.
          2. (β) The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.): civem bonarum partium, Cic. Sest. 32, 77: (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando, id. Cael. 6, 13: qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam, Liv. 2, 44, 3.
            Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publicā tam quam in scaenā optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.
          3. (γ) Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal): bonam partem ad te adtulit, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43: bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam, Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14: bonam magnamque partem exercitūs, Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4: bona pars noctium, Quint. 12, 11, 19: bona pars hominum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 61: meae vocis … bona pars, id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74: melior pars diei, Verg. A. 9, 156.
          4. (δ) Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot: nostri melior pars animus est, Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.: quae pars optima est in homine, best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67: major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit, Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1: Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab eā, Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.
            (ε) Adverb.: bonam partem = ex magnā parte, Lucr. 6, 1249.
            (ζ) Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably: Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit, id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3: quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.
      9. 9. Dies bonus or bona.
          1. (α) A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus): tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc., Plaut. Poen. 2, 49: nunc dicenda bonā sunt bona verba die, Ov. F. 1, 72.
          2. (β) A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.
      10. 10. Bonus mos.
          1. (α) Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits: nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56: nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6: domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur, Sall. C. 9, 1: propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores, Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint, Liv. 34, 6, 9: mores meliores, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.
          2. (β) Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu’st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4: ex optimo more et sanctissimā disciplinā, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: neglegentia boni moris, Sen. Ep. 97, 1.
            Jurid. t. t.: conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores, in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep.
      11. 11. Adverbial phrases.
        1. a. Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
          1. (α) To be of good cheer or courage: bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo, Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72: animo bono es, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1: bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi, Varr. R. R. 1, 26: bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares, Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29: bono animo esse jubere eam consul, Liv. 39, 13, 7: habe modo bonum animum, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15: habe animum bonum, id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31: bonum animum habe, Liv. 45, 8, 5: clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet, id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.
          2. (β) Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions: audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc., Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2: bono te animo tum populus Romanus … dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc., id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56: quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur, Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.
          3. (γ) Bonus animus, good temper, patience: bonus animus in malā re dimidium mali est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37: vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis, Ov. M. 9, 433.
        2. b. Bono modo.
          1. (α) = placide, with composure, moderation: si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxā bono modo vindicet, Cato, R. R. 5: haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur, Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.
          2. (β) In a decent manner: neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet … quod bono fiat modo, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62.
        3. c. Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right: te ipse jure optumo incuses licet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53: ut jure optimo me deserere posses, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.
          With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly: ne jure optimo irrideamur, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4; similarly, optimo judicio, Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
  2. II. As subst.
    1. A. bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
      1. 1. In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. β, supra, a morally good man.
          1. (α) Plur.: bonis quod bene fit haud perit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2: melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71: verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem … bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam, id. Lael. 14, 50: diverso itinere malos a bonis loca tætra … habere, Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22: oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52: tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes, Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.
            Rarely bŏnae, ārum, f., good women: quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc., Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.
          2. (β) Sing.: malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8: nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest, Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.: qui meliorem audax vocet in jus, Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.
      2. 2. Bonus, a man of honor.
          1. (α) A brave man: pro quā (patriā) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus? Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57: libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum animā simul amittat, Sall. C. 33, 5: fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi): famā impari boni atque ignavi erant, Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2.
          2. (β) A gentleman: quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas … in medium protulit? Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.
      3. 3. Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
          1. (α) In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.; so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant, Cic. Sest. 16, 38: audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur … boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc., id. ib. 47, 100: ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae … metu liberavi, id. Pis. 2, 4: etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt, id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43: maledictis increpat omnes bonos, Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so, optimi, Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich: bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum, id. Att. 8, 1, 3.
          2. (β) Without reference to political views; opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22: semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident, Sall. C. 37, 3: elatus est sine ullā pompā funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maximā vulgi frequentiā, Nep. Att. 22, 2.
            So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one’s betters: ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13: da locum melioribus, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.
      4. 4. Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.
      5. 5. Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
          1. (α) Referring to morality: esse aliquid naturā pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur, every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43: qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur, id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best: quare deus optimum quemque malā valetudine adficit? Sen. Prov. 4, 8.
          2. (β) Of the educated classes: adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85: Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit, Sall. C. 34, 2: optimo cuique infesta libertas, Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).
          3. (γ) Honorable, brave: optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri, Sall. J. 92, 8.
          4. (δ) In gen., excellent: optimus quisque facere quam dicere … malebat, Sall. C. 8, 5.
            (ε) Distributively: ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur, to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.
            (ζ) Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.): hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.
            (η) Attributively, with a noun: optimam quamque causam, Cic. Sest. 43, 93: optima quaeque dies, Verg. G. 3, 66.

B. bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

      1. 1. Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus; nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus … tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.: quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum, id. Par. 1, 1, 9: ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi, id. Ac. 1, 2, 7: non-est igitur voluptas bonum, id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (τέλος ἀγαθῶν) = summa bona et mala: sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc., id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.
      2. 2. Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally: quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat, Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9: multa bona vobis volt facere, will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32: tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus, id. Capt. 1, 2, 33: multa tibi di dent bona, id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47: omnia Bona dicere, to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70: sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88: cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur, id. ib. 5, 41, 120: nihil enim boni nosti, nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16: mala pro bonis legere dementia est, Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73: quia bonum sit valere, a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra): melius: quo quidem haud scio an … quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum, id. Lael. 6, 20: meliora … Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse, id. Or. 1, 10, 43: optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi, id. ib. 11, 36.
        Here belongs the phrase boni consulere; v. consulo.
        So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire, to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.
        In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere (poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632: ad melius transcurrere, to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.
      3. 3. Bonum or bona, prosperity: fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58: nulli est homini perpetuum bonum, id. Curc. 1, 3, 33: unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23: quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus), Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.
      4. 4. Good qualities, gifts: omnia adsunt bona, quem penes’st virtus, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30: magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148: nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā … tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc., id. Cael. 5, 11: hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto, id. ib. 17, 39: non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum, id. Balb. 28, 63: gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono, id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.
      5. 5. Advantage, benefit: si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83: saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit … eloquentiae studium, id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24: maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat, Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good: hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.
      6. 6. With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair (thing), fairness, equity: si bonum aequomque oras, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11: si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39: a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.
        Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in (with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere: istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio, I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.
      7. 7. Bona, one’s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one’s possessions.
        1. a. In gen.: paterna oportet reddi filio bona, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120: bona sua med habiturum omnia, id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4: bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur, Cic. Sest. 24, 54: cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur, id. ib. 30, 65: bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium, id. Caecin. 13, 38: at mulctantur bonis exsules, id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.
        2. b. Bonorum possessio, the possession of one’s property by another.
          1. (α) Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one’s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.
          2. (β) Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4: postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat, Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8: edixit … neu quis militis … bona possideret aut venderet, Liv. 2, 24, 6: bona proscribere, to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.
          3. (γ) Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.
        3. c. In bonis esse; with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est), Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10: neque bonorum possessorum, neque … res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur, ib. Fragm. 3, 80.
          Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
  1. III. Predicative use.
    1. A. With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
      1. 1. Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest: nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82: bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo, id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29: itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices … esse volumus, Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1: Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat, Sall. C. 54, 5: ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia, Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
      2. 2. To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations: jam istuc non bonumst, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157: oleum viridius et melius fiet, id. ib. 3: vinum ut alvum bonam faciat, to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156: quid est homini salute melius? Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127: non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma, id. Trin. 2, 3, 1: quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere? Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99: in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est, id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36: meliorem tamen militem … in futura proelia id certamen fecit, Liv. 2, 51, 3: parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor, Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191: si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.
        So in the optative formula: quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit, Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54; 3, 34.
        Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50; and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.
      3. 3. To be kind: bonus cum probis’st (erus), malus cum malis, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22: hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse, Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.
      4. 4. With reference to the gods: ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129: Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse), Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).
    2. B. Impers.
      1. 1. Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
          1. (α) Without a subject: bonum sit! may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.
          2. (β) With subject inf.: nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61: bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est, id. Curc. 1, 3,20.
      2. 2. Melius est.
          1. (α) With subject inf.: melius sanam est mentem sumere, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51: nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire, Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so, melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat, it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94: proinde quiesse erit melius, Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.
          2. (β) With subject inf.-clause: meliu’st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.
          3. (γ) With ut-clause: quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.
          4. (δ) With subjectclause in the subjunctive: nunc quid mihi meliu’st quam ilico hic opperiar erum, Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.
      3. 3. Optimum est.
          1. (α) With subject inf.: optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare, Liv. 23, 34, 8: si quis dicit optimum esse navigare, Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.
          2. (β) With inf.-clause: constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti, Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.
          3. (γ) With ut and subj: hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat, Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.
          4. (δ) With quod: illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51: optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti, id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.
            (ε) With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant): sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16: optimum factu esse duxerant frumento … nostros prohibere, Caes. B. G. 4, 30: optumum factu credens exercitum augere, Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
  2. IV. Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full: di melius duint, Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16: di meliora velint! Ov. M. 7, 37.
    Ellipt.: di meliora! inquit, Cic. Sen. 14, 47: id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc., Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513; similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt, Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
  3. V. With object expressed,
      1. 1. By dat.
          1. (α) = good, useful, beneficial for: ambula, id lieni optumum est, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25: quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi, Sall. C. 20, 3: bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc., Verg. G. 2, 447.
          2. (β) = benignus or propitius, kind to: vicinis bonus esto, Cato, R. R. 4: bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es, Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3: vos o mihi Manes, Este boni, Verg. A. 12, 647.
          3. (γ) = idoneus, fit for, adapted to: qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse, Cato, R. R. 6: tum erit ei rei optumum tempus, id. ib. 26: terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis, Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.
          4. (δ) With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him: accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat, Liv. 7, 12, 4.
            Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is: quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35: cui bono fuisset, id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf. ellipt. form cui bono? Prisc. p. 1208 P.
            (ε) With dat. gerund: ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit, Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24: (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat, Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.
      2. 2. By ad and acc.: refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit, Varr. R. R. 1, 91: occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior, Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7: non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc., Tac. A. 2, 14.

ob-sĕcro (op-sĕcro), āvi, ātum, 1 (separate, ob vos sacro, for vos obsecro, Paul. ex Fest. p. 190, Müll.), v. a. [sacro], qs. to ask on religious grounds (ob sacrum), i. e.

  1. I. to beseech, entreat, implore, supplicate, conjure: obsecrare est opem a sacris petere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 183 Müll. (class.; syn.: obtestor, precor, supplico).
    With acc. of the pers. or thing: Venus alma, ambae te obsecramus, Nos in custodiam tuam ut recipias, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 32: advorsum quam ejus me opsecravisset pater, id. Trin. 1, 2, 139: cum eum oraret atque obsecraret, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42: te obsecrat obtestaturque per senectutem suam, conjures you, id. Quint. 30, 91; id. Sest. 69, 147: cum precibus me obsecraret, Marcell. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 11, 1: cum multis lacrimis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; cf. in the foll.: pro di immortales, obsecro vostram fidem, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 97; id. Poen. 5, 2, 7; id. Truc. 4, 3, 30; cf. in the foll.
          1. (β) With a double acc. (of the pers. and thing): itaque te hoc obsecrat, ut, Cic. Quint. 31, 97: hoc te, Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 32.
          2. (γ) With a relative or intentional clause: ut huc reveniat obsecrato, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 35: pater, obsecro, ut mihi ignoscas, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 5: te ut omnia perscribas, Cic. Att. 3, 11 fin.; 11, 1, 1: ut ne, Ter. And. 2, 1, 27.
          3. (δ) Absol.: videmus certis precationibus obsecrasse summos magistratus, Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 11: Bassus multis precibus, paene etiam lacrimis obsecrabat, implerem meum tempus, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 12: pro aliquo, Vulg. Esth. 7, 3; id. Philem. 10.
  2. II. In partic., in colloq. lang., obsecro.
    1. A. As an expression of deprecation, I beseech you, I cry you mercy, for Heaven’s sake: tuam fidem obsecro, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217: periimus! Obsecro hercle, id. Men. 5, 7, 27: Ph. Prodi, male conciliate. Do. Obsecro, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 2.
    2. B. As a mere polite expression of entreaty, for the most part as an interjection, I beseech you, pray: quid illic, opsecro, tam diu restitisti, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 100; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 12: dic obsecro hercle serio quod te rogem, id. As. 1, 1, 14; Turp. ap. Non. 132, 15: obsecro, an is est? Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 21: Attica mea, obsecro te, quid agit? Cic. Att. 13, 13, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 25, 60: sed obsecro te, ita venusta habeantur ista, non ut vincula virorum sint, sed, etc., but I beseech you, id. Par. 5, 2, 38; Liv. 5, 6, 3; 6, 40, 10; Gell. 20, 1, 36.

2. ob-sĕro (ops-), sēvi, sĭtum, 3 (inf. perf. sync. obsesse for obsevisse, Att. ap. Non. 395, 27), v. a.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. To sow or plant (class.): frumentum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 129.
      Comically: pugnos, to give a good drubbing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 23.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To sow or plant with any thing: saepimentum virgultis aut spinis, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 1: terram frugibus. Cic. Leg. 2, 25, 63; Col. 2, 9, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 2.
      2. 2. In gen., to cover over, fill with; only in perf. pass. part., covered over, filled: omnia arbustis obsita, Lucr. 5, 1377: loca obsita virgultis, Liv. 28, 2: obsita pomis Rura, Ov. M. 13, 719: video aegrum pannis annisque obsitum, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 5: obsitus illuvie ac squalore, Tac. A. 4, 28: vestis obsita squalore, Liv. 2, 23: legati … obsiti squalore et sordibus, id. 29, 16: variis obsita frondibus, Hor. C. 1, 18, 12: montes nivibus, Curt. 5, 6, 15: aër pallore, darkened, Luc. 5, 627; cf.: dies nube obsitus, Sen. Troad. 20: obsitus aevo, Verg. A. 8, 307: Io jam setis obsita, id. ib. 7, 790: terga (marinae beluae) obsita conchis, Ov. M. 4, 724.
  2. II. Trop.: Tun’ is es, qui in me aerumnam obsevisti, hast brought upon me, occasioned me, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 30: em istic oportet opseri mores malos, si in opserendo possint interfieri, id. Trin. 2, 4, 130.

obses (old orthogr. opses, in the first Epit. of the Scipios; v. infra; Inscr. Spec. Epigr. p. 5, 11 Jahn), ĭdis (gen. plur. obsidium, Caes. B. G. 5, 27; 6, 9; Liv. 2, 13, 97), m. and f. [ob-sedeo].

  1. I. Lit., a hostage: OPSIDES ABDOVCIT, first Epit. of the Scipios: ut obsides accipere, non dare consueverint, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Liv. 34, 35: obsides alicui imperare, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35: dedere, Sall. J. 54, 6: retinere aliquem obsidem, as a hostage, Nep. Them. 7, 2.
    Fem.: me tamen acceptā poterat deponere bellum Obside, Ov. M. 8, 48: obsides, qui Porsenae mittebantur, Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29: inter se dare, to exchange, Caes. B. G. 1, 9.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a surety, security, bail, pledge (syn.: sponsor, vindex, vas, praes): Phocion se ejus rei obsidem fore, pollicitus est, to be surety, to answer for it, Nep. Phoc. 2, 4: accipere aliquem obsidem nuptiarum, Cic. Clu. 66, 188: conjugii, Ov. H. 2, 34: rei, Nep. Phoc. 2, 4: dare obsides, with a foll. acc. and inf., to give a surety or guarantee: tantum modo oratoribus Metellus obsides non dedit, se nullā in re Verri similem futurum, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124.
    Also of inanim. subjects: habemus a C. Caesare sententiam tamquam obsidem perpetuae in rem publicam voluntatis, Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 9; id. Cael. 32, 78; id. Clu. 30, 83; Quint. 12, 7, 3: obsidem enim se animum ejus habere, Liv. 39, 47.

obsōnātĭo (ops-), ōnis, f. [1. obsono], a buying of victuals; a catering, marketing, Don. ad Ter. And. 2, 2, 32.

obsōnātor (ops-), ōris, m. [id..], a buyer of victuals; a caterer, purveyor: obsonator optimus, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 73; Mart. 14, 217 in lemm.; Sen. Ep. 47, 8.

obsōnātus (ops-), ūs, m. [id..], a catering, marketing: dare minam in obsonatum, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 27: obsonatu redeo, id. Men. 2, 2, 5 and 14.

† obsōnĭum or ops-, ii, n., = ὀψώνιον, that which is eaten with bread; victuals, viands, esp. fish: tu facito obsonatum nobis sit opulentum obsonium, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64: curare, id. Merc. 3, 3, 22: obsonare, id. Stich. 3, 1, 36: scindere, Sen. Vit. Beat. 17, 2; Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 87: coëmere, Hor. S. 1, 2, 9: opsonia rancidula, Juv. 11, 134.
Also of fruit, Plin. 15, 19, 21, § 82.

1. obsōno or ops-, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., and obsōnor or ops-, ātus, 1, v. dep. [ὀψωνέω], to buy provisions, to cater, purvey (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: postquam opsonavit erus, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 1; id. Men. 1, 3, 26: ibo atque opsonabo opsonium, id. Stich. 3, 1, 36: vix drachmis est opsonatus decem, Ter. And. 2, 6, 20.
    Dep. form absol., Plaut. Stich. 5, 3, 8: de suo obsonari filiai nuptiis; id. Aul. 2, 4, 16.
    1. B. Transf., to feast, treat, to furnish an entertainment: opsonat, potat, olet unguenta; de meo, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; 5, 9, 7.
  2. * II. Trop.: obsonare ambulando famem, to cater or provide an appetite, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97.

obstē̆trīcĭus (opst-) or -tĭus, a, um, adj. [obstetrix], of or belonging to a midwife, obstetric (post -Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: manūs obstetriciae, Arn. 3, 166.
    1. B. Trop., Front. Orat. p. 246.
  2. II. Subst.: obstē̆-trīcĭa (sc. officia), ōrum, n., midwifery, obstetrics: Jove Liberum parturiente inter obstetricia dearum, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140.

obstē̆trīco (opst-), āre, v. n. and a. [id.], to perform the office of a midwife (eccl. Lat.), Tert. ad Nat. 2, 12: Hebraeas (sc. mulieres), to assist in childbirth, Vulg. Exod. 1, 16: obstetricandi scientia, id. ib. 1, 19.

  1. B. Trop.: poëtis obstetricantibus, Tert. ad Nat. 2, 2.

obstē̆trix (opst-) or obstī̆trix (opst-), īcis, f. [obsto], a midwife: peperit Sine obstetricis operā, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 22; id. Capt. 3, 4, 96: mittere ad obstetricem, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 5; Hor. Epod. 17, 51; Vulg. Exod. 1, 15: obstetricum nobilitas, Plin. 28, 6, 18, § 67; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 8 sq.

ob-strŭo (opstr-), xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to build before or against; to build, block, or wall up; to stop up, barricade, render impassable (class.; cf. obsaepio, claudo, oppilo).

  1. I. Lit.: validum pro diruto obstruentes murum, Liv. 38, 29: frontem castrorum auxiliis, id. 5, 1.
    Esp., to build before so as to obstruct the light: obstructae fenestrae, Varr. R. R. 1, 4: FENESTRAS OPSTRVITO, Lex. Puteol. ap. Grut. 207, 2: luminibus alicujus, Cic. Dom. 44: jus luminum obstruendorum redimere, to purchase permission of a neighbor to build so as to obstruct his light, Inscr. Guarin. Comment. in Vet. Monument. 1, p. 64: portas, Caes. B. C. 1, 27: valvas aedis. Nep. Paus. 5: aditus, Cic. Brut. 4, 16: flumina, Caes. B. C. 3, 48: aquarum venas, Plin. 31, 3, 28, § 49: saxa, placed in the way, Ov. M. 3, 570: cujus aures morbus obstruxit, has stopped up, made deaf, Sen. Ben. 3, 17, 2: os obstruere, to close the mouth, to make silent, Vulg. Psa. 62, 12; id. Rom. 3, 19.
  2. II. Trop., to stop up, hinder, impede, obstruct: Catonis luminibus obstruxit haec posteriorum quasi exaggerata altius oratio, was a hinderance to, Cic. Brut. 17, 66: viri deus obstruit aures, stops, renders deaf, inexorable, Verg. A. 4, 440: perfugia improborum, shuts off, Cic. Sull. 28, 79: cognitionem difficultatibus, to impede, obstruct, id. Ac. 2, 3, 7: mentes, Tac. H. 3, 21.
        1. b. Intr., to be in the way: si officiens signis mons obstruet altus, Cic. Arat. 44.

obt- in compounds. In some MSS. and editions opt-.

ob-taedesco (opt-), ĕre, v. inch. n., to disgust: nolo optaedescat, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 52 Fleck.

ob-tempĕro (opt-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to comply with, attend to, conform to, submit to, obey (cf.: oboedio, obsequor, pareo; class.).

        1. (α) With dat.: te audi, tibi obtempera, Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2: alicui obtemperare et parere, id. Planc. 39, 94: imperio populi Romani, Caes. B. G. 4, 21: voluntati alicujus, id. B. C. 1, 35: auctoritati senatūs, id. ib. 1, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56: rationi obtemperare debet gubernator, Varr. L. L. 9, § 6 Müll.: naturae, Suet. Tib. 59: qui obtemperet ipse sibi, et decretis suis pareat, who conforms to his own precepts, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: tibi deos certo scio obtemperaturos magis, they will regard you, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 70.
        2. (β) With ad: ad id, quod ex verbis intellegi possit, obtemperare, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52.
        3. (γ) With rel.-clause (perh. only in Plaut.): non ego illi obtempero quod loquitur, do not mind what he says, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 293: quae dico, id. Most. 2, 2, 89.
      1. b. Impers. pass.: quominus eis optemperetur, Lex. Jul. Municip. fin. ap. Haub. p. 133: si mihi esset obtemperatum, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35.
        Hence, obtempĕranter, adv., willingly, readily, obediently (postAug.): se obtemperanter nobis accommodat, M. Aurel. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5, 11 Mai.: annuit, Prud. στεφ. 2, 112.

2. ob-tentus (opt-), ūs, m. [obtendo].

  1. I. A drawing, spreading, or placing before (poet. and post-Aug.).
    1. A. Lit.: obtentu togae, tamquam se amiciens, ne videretur, Gell. 11, 18, 14: frondis, Verg. A. 11, 66: nubium, Plin. 31, 1, 1, § 2.
    2. B. Trop., a pretence, pretext, color (cf.: simulatio, species): obtentum habere, Tac. A. 12, 7: tempora reipublicae obtentui sumpta, assumed as a pretext, id. ib. 1, 10: sub obtentu liberationis, Just. 5, 8, 12: damnationis, Lact. 2, 4, 36: sub obtentu monituum deorum quaedam enuntiare, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 3, 6.
  2. II. (Acc. to obtendo, II.) A covering, cover, veil (post-class.): quia secundae res mire sunt vitiis optentui, Sall. H. 1, 41, 24: vera sunt, quae loquuntur poëtae, sed obtentu aliquo specieque velata, disguise, allegorical dress, Lact. 1, 11: non terror obtentui est, a hinderance, Nazar. Pan. Constant. 5.

ob-tĕro (opt-), trīvi, trītum, 3 (pluperf. subj. obtrisset for obtrivisset, Liv. 3, 56, 8 Drak. N. cr.; perf. obterii, App. Mag. 8, p. 278, 15), v. a.

  1. I. To bruise, crush, or break to pieces (syn. obtundo; class.).
    Lit.: ne in stabulo infantes grex boum obtereret, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: ranas, Phaedr. 1, 30, 1: puerum, Suet. Ner. 5: homines, Liv. 27, 41: caput saxo, Luc. 6, 276: locustarum ova, Plin. 11, 29, 35, § 105: crura, Col. 8, 8: in angustiis portarum obtriti sunt, crushed by the crowd, Liv. 30, 5.
  2. II. Trop., to crush, trample on, degrade, disgrace, contemn, disparage, ravage, destroy: meaeque pugnae proeliares plurumae optritae jacent? Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 17: calumniam, Cic. Caecin. 7, 18: laudem imperatoriam, id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 2: obtrectationes, id. Fam. 5, 9, 1: jura populi, Liv. 3, 56: legionarios, Tac. A. 15, 11: Graeciam, Just. 5, 2, 11: militem verbis, to degrade, Liv. 24, 15: Penates, Sen. Oed. 645: vulgi omne cadaver, Juv. 3, 260.
  3. * III. To rub: dentes carbone, App. Mag. 8, p. 278, 15.

obtĭcesco (opt-), tĭcŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [obticeo], to become or be struck silent; in perf., to be silent (syn. obmutesco): obticuit obticescit, Not. Tir. p. 90: quid, amabo, opticuisti? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 28: quid nunc obticuisti? Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 2 (dub.; Umpfenb. and Fleck. obstipuisti): repente obticuit, Just. 32, 2, 3: nec prius obticuit quam, etc., Ov. M. 14, 523: chorus, Hor. A. P. 284; Mart. 10, 17, 4.
With acc.: cetera obticuit, Lact. Ira Dei, 4, 13.

ob-tĭnĕo (opt-), tĭnŭi, tentum, 2 (old perf. OPTENVI, fifth Epit. of the Scipios; inf. pass. obtinerier, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 19; id. Most. 3, 2, 154), v. a. and n. [teneo].

  1. I. Act.
    1. * A. To take hold of, hold: obtine aures, amabo, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 16.
    2. B. To hold, have, occupy, possess; to preserve, keep, maintain, etc. (class.).
      1. 1. In gen.: sancte Apollo, qui umbilicum certum terrarum obtines, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 115 (Trag. Rel. p. 201 Rib.): suam quisque domum tum obtinebat, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48: armis Galliam atque Italiam, Liv. 30, 19: cum imperio Hispaniam citeriorem, to have as his province, to be governor in it, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 2: Galliam et Italiam, Liv. 30, 19: Africam, Nep. Timol. 2, 4; cf.: ex quā insulā nummus nullus, me obtinente, erogabitur, during my administration, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 7: QVEI AERARIVM PROVINCIAM OBTINEBIT, who will have the administration of the public treasure, Lex Thor. § 20 Rudorff. p. 168; Lex de Scribis ap. Haubold, p. 85: necessitudinem cum publicanis, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 35: vitam et famam, to preserve, id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49: auctoritatem suam, to maintain, id. ib. 48, 139: principatum, Caes. B. G. 1, 3: regnum, id. ib. 1, 7: jus, to assert, maintain, Tac. A. 1, 32: causam, Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 4: noctem insequentem eadem caligo obtinuit, occupied, took up, prevailed during, Liv. 29, 27: quae (fama) plerosque obtinet, Sall. J. 17, 7: proverbii locum obtinet, i. e. is become proverbial, Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36: parentis gravitatem, id. Sull. 6, 19: numerum deorum, to be numbered among, id. N. D. 3, 20, 51; so, aliquem numerum, id. Brut. 47, 175; cf. id. Off. 2, 12, 43: summam opinionem m scholis, Quint. 10, 5, 18: admirationem, to be admired, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 2: patriae nomen, id. 15, 18, 19, § 69: firmitudinem animi, i. e. exhibited, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54: pontem, would not yield, Liv. 2, 10: silentiam, to maintain, id. 1, 16.
        With inf., to persist in: earumque artem et disciplinam obtineat colere, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 30.
      2. 2. In partic., of speech, to assert, maintain, i. e. to show, prove, demonstrate: possumus hoc teste … quod dicimus, obtinere? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 168: duas contrarias sententias, id. Fin. 4, 28, 78: diu pugnare in iis, quae obtinere non possis, Quint. 6, 4, 15: recta apud turpes, id. 3, 8, 38: quaedam (leges) an obtineri possint, id. 2, 4, 39; 6, 1, 7: quod orator praecipue sibi obtinendum intellegit, id. 3, 6, 9 Spald. N. cr. (al. proponendum); cf. id. 12, 10, 53: si defecerint omnia, tum videndum erit, an obtineri possit, ne illud quidem recte factum, id. 5, 13, 24; 2, 5, 18.
    3. C. To get possession of; to gain, acquire, obtain something (syn.: assequor, adipiscor, impetro; class.): quanta instrumenta habeat (homo) ad obtinendam adipiscendamque sapientiam, Cic. Leg. 1, 22, 59: impetrare et obtinere, Gell. 12, 14, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5: malas causas semper obtinuit, in optimā concidit, gained, id. Att. 7, 25, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Com. 4, 10: jus suum contra aliquem, id. Quint. 9, 34: Romani si rem obtinuerint, if they gained the victory, Caes. B. G. 7, 85: voluimus quaedam; obtenta non sunt, Cic. Balb. 27, 61: apud eum causam obtinuit, Caes. B. G. 7, 37: aditu regis obtento, Just. 21, 6, 5.
      Hence, to conquer, overcome (eccl. Lat.): melius est ut pugnemus contra eos in campestribus, et obtinebimus eos, Vulg. 3 Reg. 20, 23; 20, 25; id. Judith, 1, 5.
  2. II. Neutr. (cf. teneo, II.), to maintain itself; to hold, prevail, last, stand, continue, obtain (not in Cic.): quod et plures tradidere auctores et fama obtinuit, Liv. 21, 46, 10; cf. with a subject-clause: pro vero antea obtinebat, regna atque imperia Fortunam dono dare, Sall. Rep. Ordin. init.: non ipsos quoque fuisse pastores obtinebit, quod? etc., Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 9: si dissentirent, sententia plurium obtineret, would prevail, Dig. 42, 1, 36: quod merito obtinuit, ib. 2, 4, 4.
    Absol.: obtinuit (sc. consuetudo), Dig. 1, 13, 1.
    With de: quia de intercalando non obtinuerat, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5.
    With ut or ne: his obtinuit, ut praeferretur candidato, Liv. 35, 10; Suet. Claud. 41: obtinuit, ne reus fieret, id. Caes. 23.
    With quin, Suet. Tib. 31.

ob-tingo (opt-), tĭgi, 3, v. a. and n. [tango].

  1. * I. Act., to touch, strike: mustulentus aestus nares obtigit, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 415, 16. (The same fragm., ib. 64, 2, has attigit.)
  2. II. Neutr., to fall to one’s lot (syn.: accidit, evenit, contingit): naufragio res contigit. Nempe ergo haud Fortuna obtigit, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36: nullus est, quoi non invideant rem secundam obtingere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 14: dies mihi adversus, id. Men. 5, 5, 1: mihi propter te hoc optigit, id. Capt. 3, 5, 88: quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21: mihi obtinget sors, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 21; cf.: cum tibi aquaria provincia sorte obtigisset, Cic. Vatin. 5, 12: cum optatissimum nuntium accepissem, te mihi quaestorem obtigisse, id. Fam. 2, 19, 1; id. Div. 2, 17, 38: quam mihi obtigisse dicis σπἀρταν, numquam deseram, id. Att. 1, 20: omnia, quae hominibus forte obtigerunt, Quint. 3, 7, 13: quae (vox, latus, etc.) si modica obtigerunt, possunt ratione ampliari, id. praef. § 27.
    With ut: cum ei (L. Paulo), bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret, obtigisset, it had fallen to his lot, Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103.
      1. 2. Of events, to happen, befall, occur (in this sense accidere, contingere, evenire, etc., are more common): eloquere, ut haec res obtigit de filiā, has happened, taken place, turned out: id quom optigerat, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 20; id. Rud. 4, 6, 7: istuc tibi ex sententiā tuā obtigisse, laetor, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 5: hoc confiteor jure Mi obtigisse, id. And. 3, 5, 2: praeter spem, id. Phorm. 2, 1, 9: si quid obtigerit, aequo animo paratoque moriar, if any thing should happen to me, Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3
        In plur.: exoptata obtingent, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 136.

ob-tundo, tŭdi, tūsum (and tunsum), 3, v. a.

  1. I. To strike or beat against, at, or on a thing; to beat, thump, belabor (very rare; perh. only ante- and post-class.): pectora pugnis, Firm. Math. 5, 5: obtundit os mihi, breaks my jaw, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 50; cf.: obtunso ore, id. ib. 5, 1, 8; cf.: nam sum obtusus pugnis pessume, id. Am. 2, 1, 59.
  2. II. To blunt, dull, by striking.
    1. A. Lit. (very rare): telum, Lucr. 6, 399: gladios, Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 166.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To blunt, weaken, make dull, deprive of strength: aciem oculorum, Plin. 22, 25, 70, § 142: auditum, id. 24, 11, 50, § 87: obtusus stomachus, id. Ep. 7, 3, 5: vocem, to blunt, weaken, Lucr. 4, 613: ingenia, Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 282: et obtusis ceciderunt viribus artis, Lucr. 3, 452; Liv. 7, 2: mentem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80: ingenia, id. de Or. 3, 24, 93: nihil est quod tam obtundat elevetque aegritudinem, quam. etc., id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34.
      2. 2. Aures or aliquem, or simply obtundere, to stun or din the ears; to deafen one by saying a thing too often or too long; hence, to annoy or tease with importunity; aures graviter obtundo tuas, ne quem ames, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 120: ne brevitas defraudasse aures videatur, neve longitudo obtudisse, Cic. Or. 66, 221: aliquem longis epistulis, to annoy, molest, id. Att. 8, 1: aliquem, id. Fam. 5, 14, 3: rogitando, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 6.
        With object-clause: obtuderunt ejus aures, te socium praetoris fuisse, they dinned into him that, etc., Timarch. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 67, § 157.
        With subj.: non cessat obtundere, totam prorsus a principio fabulam promeret, App. M. 9, p. 228, 8: aliquem de aliquā re, to importune, annoy, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 33: obtundis, tametsi intellego, etc., id. And. 2, 2, 11.
        Hence, obtūsus (obtunsus or optūsus), a, um, P. a., blunt, dull, obtuse (class.).
    1. A. Lit.: falx obtusa et hebes, Col. 4, 24, 21: pugio, Tac. A. 15, 54: vomer, Verg. G. 1, 262: angulus, Lucr. 4, 355: cornua lunae obtusa, Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 347.
    2. B. Transf., blunted, blunt, dull, weak, faint, powerless: animi acies obtusior, Cic. Sen. 23, 83: stellis acies obtunsa, Verg. G. 1, 395: obtusi et hebetes ad aliquam rem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14: aures obtunsae, blunted, dull of hearing, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 17: vox, thick, not clear (opp. clara), Quint. 11, 3, 15: fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, optusae obscurant, id. 11, 3, 20: stomachus, weakened, spoiled, Plin. Ep. 7, 3, 5: obtunsa pectora, insensible, without feeling, Verg. A. 1, 567: ingenium, Gell. 13, 24, 21: vires, enfeebled, Lucr. 3, 452: nimio ne luxu obtunsior usus Sit genitali arvo, too blunted, too enfeebled, Verg. G. 3, 135: vigor animi, Liv. 5, 18: cor, Lact. 2, 5, 4: sensus eorum, Vulg. 2 Cor. 3, 14: venenum, powerless, Calp. Ecl. 5, 94.
      Comp.: quo quid dici potest obtusius? Cic. N. D. 1, 25, 70.
      Sup. does not occur.
      Hence, adv.: obtūsē, dully, not keenly (postclass.): crocodili in aquā obtusius vident, in terrā acutissime, Sol. 32, § 28.
      Fig.: hoc facere obtuse, Aug. Doct. Christ. 4, 5, § 7.

obtūrāmentum (or optūrāmen-tum), i, n. [obturo], a stopper, bung, Plin. 16, 8, 13, § 34; 33, 4, 21, § 75.

offĭcīna, ae, f. [contr. from opificina, from opifex; the uncontracted prim. form, opĭfĭcīna, is still found in Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 7, and Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 83 fin. Mai], a workshop, manufactory (class.; cf. fabrica).

  1. I. Lit.: nec enim quicquam ingenuum potest habere officina, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150: instituit officinam Syracusis in regiā maximam, id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54: armorum, a manufactory of arms, Caes. B. C. 1, 34; Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Nep. Ages. 3, 2; for which, ferraria, Auct. B. Afr. 20: aerariorum, Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 23: fullonum, id. 35, 11, 40, § 143: pictoris, id. ib.: plastarum, id. 35, 12, 45, § 155: tingentium, id. 9, 38, 62, § 133: tonstrinarum, id. 36, 22, 47, § 165 al.: promercalium vestium, a shop in which garments are made for sale, Suet. Gram. 23: cetariorum, a place where fish are salted, Col. 8, 17: officina monetae, Liv. 6, 20: dum graves Cyclopum Volcanus ardens urit officinas, Hor. C. 1, 4, 8.
      1. 2. In partic., in econom. lang. = ornithon, a place where fowls are kept, in order to lay their eggs and hatch their young, a poultry-house or yard, Col. 8, 3, 4.
    1. B. Transf., a making, formation: in magnis corporibus facilis officina sequaci materia fuit, Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 2.
  2. II. Trop., a workshop, manufactory, laboratory: mathematici, poëtae, musici, medici denique ex hac tamquam omnium artium officinā profecti sunt, Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7: falsorum commentariorum, et chirographorum officina, id. Phil. 2, 14, 35: nequitiae, id. Rosc. Am. 46, 134: dicendi, id. Brut. 8, 32: sapientiae, id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: spirandi pulmo, Plin. 11, 37, 72, § 188: rhetoris, Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 57: ex rhetorum officinis, id. Or. 3, 12: domus ejus officina eloquentiae habita est, id. ib. 13, 40: corruptelarum omnis generis, Liv. 39, 11, 6; cf. 39, 8, 7: crudelitatis, Val. Max. 3, 1, 2: humanarum calamitatium, Sen. Contr. 5, 33, 2.

ŏpācĭtas, ātis, f [opacus], shadiness, shade (post-Aug.), Col. 8, 17; amoena, Plin. 6, 30, 35, § 197; noctium, id. 2, 11, 8, § 52: ramorum, id. 17, 1, 1, § 5: arborum, Tac. A. 11, 3.

ŏpāco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [onyx], to cover with shade, to shade (class.; syn.: obscuro, obumbro).

  1. I. Lit.; platanus ad opacandum hunc locum patulis est diffusa ramis, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28, cf. id. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4: ubi pinguem dives opacat Ramus humum, Verg. A. 6, 195: humum taxus opacat, Luc. 6, 645: (sol terras) modo his modo illis ex partibus opacat, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49.
    1. B. Transf., to cover (poet.): opacat flore lanugo genas, Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. genas, p. 94 Müll.: opacat tempora pinus, Sil. 13, 331.
  2. * II. Trop., to darken, obscure, Aug. Mor. Eccl. Cath. 1, 2.

ŏpācus, a, um, adj.

  1. I. In the shade, shaded, shady (class.): opaca vocantur umbrosa, Fest. p. 185 Müll.: ripa, Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15: frigus, shady coolness, cool shade, Verg. E. 1, 53: vallis, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 5.
    Comp.: locus umbrā opacior, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 25.
    Sup.: opacissima nemorum pascua, Col. 6, 22.
    Neutr. absol.: colores, qui in opaco clarius micant, in the shade, Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43.
    So in plur. with gen.: per opaca locorum, through shady places, Verg. A. 2, 725; 6, 633.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Darkened as if by shades, dark, obscure (poet. and in post-class. prose): nox, Verg. A. 4, 123: domus Cyclopis, id. ib. 3, 619: nubes, Ov. A. A. 2, 619: mater, i. e. the earth, id. M. 2, 274: crepuscula, in the lower regions, id. ib. 14, 122: vetustas, Gell. 10, 3, 15: mons, Vulg. 1 Reg. 23, 14.
      2. * 2. Bushy, thick: barba, Cat. 37, 19.
  2. II. That gives or casts a shade, shady (poet.): nemus, Verg. A. 8, 107: ilex, id. ib. 11, 851: herba, Ov. M. 3, 438.

Ŏpālĭa, ium, n., a festival celebrated on the 19th of December, in honor of the goddess Ops, Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; cf.: Opalia dies festi, quibus supplicatur Opi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 185 Müll.; Macr. S. 1, 10.

Ŏpālis, e, adj. [2. Ops], of or belonging to Ops: Opale sacrum, i. e. the Opalia (v. Opalia), Aus. Ecl. Fer. Rom. 15 (al. Opis ante sacrum).

ŏpălus, i, m., a precious stone, opal, Plin. 37, 6, 21, § 80; Isid. Orig. 16, 12.

ŏpella, ae, f. dim. [opera], little or light pains, labor, service (poet.): parva, Lucr. 1, 1114: forensis, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 8.

ŏpĕra, ae, f. [opus], service, pains, exertion, work, labor (opus is used mostly of the mechanical activity of work, as that of animals, slaves, and soldiers; opera supposes a free will and desire to serve).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: omnes, quorum operae, non quorum artes emuntur, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150: sine hominum manu atque operā, id. ib. 2, 4, 14: operam exigere, id. ib. 1, 13: perdere, id. de Or. 1, 28, 126: praebere amicis, id. Brut. 47, 174: in re ponere, id. Clu. 57, 157: curamque in rebus honestis ponere, id. Off. 1, 6, 19: et laborem consumere in aliquā re, to bestow labor and pains on any thing, id. de Or. 1, 55, 234: studiumque in res obscuras conferre, id. Off. 1, 6, 19: tribuere rei publicae, id. Div. 2, 2, 7; sumere, id. Verr. 2, 4, 31, § 69: impendere, id. ib. 2, 2, 30, § 68: polliceri, Sall. C. 28, 1; 40, 6: insumere, Liv. 10, 18: dicare alicui, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 12: interponere, to bestow, employ, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 19, 63: ipse dabat purpuram tantum, amici operas, gave their work thereto, i. e. wrought it, id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59: pleraque sunt hominum operis effecta, id. Off. 2, 3, 12: ibo, atque illam adducam, Quam propter opera est mihi, on whose behalf I am engaged, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 93: operam navare, Cic. Fam. 15, 12, 2; Liv. 25, 6, 15.
    2. B. In partic., a service, rendering of service: Cn. Pupius, qui est in operis ejus societatis, in the service of the society or company, Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 3: operae forenses, id. Fin. 1, 4, 10: P. Terentius, qui operas in portu et scripturā pro magistro dat, serves as director, id. ib. 13, 65, 11: ferrum istud bonas edet operas, will do good service, Sen. Prov. 2, 10: musis operas reddere, to do service to, to serve, Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 2: dare operas alicui, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 11.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Care, attention, exertion bestowed on any thing: deditā operā, seriously, with a purpose, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 29.
      So esp. freq.,
      1. 1. Operam dare, to bestow care or pains on, to give attention to any thing.
        Constr. with dat., with ut or ne ( = studere).
          1. (α) With dat.: dant operam simul auspicio augurioque, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 81 Vahl.): dare operam funeri, to attend, Cic. Att. 15, 1, 1: bellis, Sive foro, Ov. R. Am. 165: amori, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 58: liberis (to the begetting of children), Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3: memoriae alicujus, to attend to what brings a person to mind, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1: tonsori, to get shaved, Suet. Aug. 79: alicui, to attend to one, listen to him, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 52: sermoni, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 4: amico, to serve, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 17: me huic dedisse operam malam, that I have done him an ill turn, id. Capt. 3, 5, 43.
            For dat. the acc. with ad occurs: benigne operam detis ad nostrum gregem, Plaut. Cas. prol. 21.
          2. (β) With ut and subj.: da operam, ut valeas, Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5: omnem operam do, ut cognoscam, Sen. Contr. 4, 24, 15; id. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.
          3. (γ) With ne: dent operam consules, ne quid respublica detrimenti capiat, Caes. B. C. 1, 5: ego omnem operam dabo, ne pervenire ad me erubescat, Sen. Polyb. 13, 3: studiose te operam dare, ut ne quid meorum tibi esset ignotum, Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1.
          4. (δ) With subj. alone: dabo operam, quoad exercitus huc summittatis, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6.
            (ε) With inf.: id scire, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38.
      2. 2. In abl.: operā meā, tuā, etc., through my (thy, etc.) means, agency, fault: fateor Abiisse eum abs te, meā operā atque astutiā, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 21: quid mihi nisi malum vostra opera’st? id. Ps. 1, 2, 50: non meā operā, neque pol culpā evenit, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31: meā operā, Q. Fabi, Tarentum recepisti, Cic. Sen. 4, 11.
      3. 3. Unā or eādem operā, in the same manner, at the same time (ante-class.): unā operā mihi sunt sodales, quā iste, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31: eādem operā a praetore sumam syngrapham, id. ib. 2, 3, 89.
      4. 4. Operā, by experience (ante-class.): nam te omnes saevom commemorant … ego contra operā expertus, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 7: id operā expertus sum esse ita, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 3: magis non factum possum velle quam operā experiar persequi, id. Capt. 2, 3, 65.
      5. 5. Operae pretium, v. pretium, II. B.
    2. B. Leisure, spare time for any thing (class., but in the phrase operae est, only ante-class. and Livian): operae ubi mihi erit, ad te venero, as soon as I can spare the time, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 30: si operae illi esset, if he had time, Liv. 5, 15; 4, 8; 44, 36: dicam, si tibi videam esse operam, aut otium, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 15: operae non est, id. ib. 5, 2, 77: quos tu operam gravare mihi, id. Rud. 2, 4, 21: de versibus, quos tibi a me scribi vis, deest mihi quidem opera, I have not time or leisure, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 4.
    3. C. In concr.
      1. 1. A day’s work or labor (usu. in plur.): quaternis operis singula jugera confodere, Varr. R. R. 1, 18: puerilis una opera, Col. 11, 2, 44: bubulcorum operae quatuor, id. 2, 13: operae (filiorum) locari possunt, Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1.
      2. 2. A day-laborer, journeyman; also, in gen., a laborer, workman (usu. in plur.): ipse dominus dives operis et laboris expers, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 16: plures operas conducere, Col. 3, 21: nona, a ninth laborer (on his farm), Hor. S. 2, 7, 118; Suet. Oct. 3.
        Hence, transf., in a bad sense: operae, hired aiders, abettors, tools, etc. (of political or theatrical parties): mercenariae (corresp. to multitudo conducta), Cic. Phil. 1, 9, 22; cf.: erat mihi contentio cum operis conductis et ad diripiendam urbem concitatis, id. Sest. 17, 38: Claudianae, id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. Att. 4, 3, 3: theatrales, parties for the purpose of applauding, theatrical factions, Tac. A. 1, 16: VETERES A SCENA, Inscr. Grut. 467, 7.
      3. 3. That which is wrought or produced, a work: operae aranearum, i. e. spiders’ webs, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 19: exstabit opera peregrinationis hujus, Cic. Att. 15, 13, 6.

ŏpĕrans, antis, Part. and P. a., from operor.

ŏpĕrārĭus, a, um, adj. [opera],

  1. I. of or belonging to labor (class.): homo, Cic. Att. 7, 2, 8: pecus, working-cattle, Col. 6, 2, 15: vinum, for working-men, Plin. 14, 10, 12, § 86.
  2. II. Subst.
    1. A. ŏpĕrārĭus, ii, m., a laborer, workman, operative: habere oportet operarios quinque, Cato, R. R. 10, 1: operarius rusticus, the peasant as a day-laborer, Edict. Diocl. 7, 1; cf.: operarius agrarius, Vulg. Ecclus. 37, 13: quos singulos sicut operarios barbarosque contemnas, Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104: quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā, fluent talkers, bad orators, id. de Or. 1, 18, 83: operarium nobis quendam oratorem facis, underworkman, id. ib. 1, 62, 263: si quid actum erit, quod isti operarii minus commode persequi possent, i. e. scribes, secretaries, id. Fam. 8, 1, 2.
    2. B. ŏpĕrārĭa, ae, f., a work-woman, in a comic lusus verbb., Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 41.

ŏpĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [operor], a working, work, labor, operation (not in Cic. or Cæs.).

  1. I. In gen.: insidiantur aquantibus (apibus) ranae, quae maxima earum est operatio, cum sobolem faciunt, Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 61; 11, 24, 28, § 80; Vitr. 2, 9.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. A religious performance, service, or solemnity, a bringing of offerings: operationes denicales, offerings, Fest. s. v. privatae feriae, p. 242 Müll.; Inscr. a. 286, p. Chr. ap. Orell. 2234.
    2. B. In Christian authors, beneficence, charity, Lact. 6, 12; Prud. Psych. 573.

ŏpĕrātīvus, a, um, adj. [operor], creative, formative (eccl. Lat.), Aug. Quaest. 63.

ŏpĕrātor, ōris, m. [operor], a worker, operator (post-class.), Firm. Math. 3, 9; Tert. Exhort. ad Castit. 3; id. Apol. 23 fin. al.; Lact. 6, 18, 13; Vulg. Prov. 22, 2.

ŏpĕrātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [operor], creating, forming, Ambros. Hexaëm. 1, 1, 1; id. Fug. Saec. 2, 11.

ŏpĕrātrix, īcis, f. [operator], she that works, a worker, effecter, producer (eccl. Lat.): vis operatrix, Tert. Anim. 11: mortis, id. ib. 52: sapientia, creative wisdom, Ambros. Spir. Sanc. 2, 9, § 92.

ŏpĕrātus, a, um, P. a., v. operor fin. B.

ŏpercŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [operculum], to furnish or cover with a lid, to cover (post-Aug.): dolia, Col. 12, 30, 1: vasa, id. 12, 15, 2: operculati favi, id. 11, 2, 50; 57.

ŏpercŭlum, i, n. [operio], a cover, covering, lid (class.): quibus operibantur operimenta et pallia opercula dixerunt, Varr. L. L. 5, § 167 Müll.: aspera arteria tegitur quasi quodam operculo, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Col. 8, 8, 7: sorba in urceolos picatos adicito et opercula picata imponito, id. 12, 16, 4: ambulatorium, a movable cover, Plin. 21, 14, 47, § 80.
Prov.: patellae dignum operculum, like to like, Hier. Ep. 1, 7; cf. id. ib. 127 (16), n. 9.
Of the covering of walls, wainscoting, panel-work: OPERCVLA ABIEGNIA IMPONITO, Lex Puteol. Grut. 207, col. 2.

ŏpĕrīmentum (sync. opermentum; al. oprimentum, Prud. Psych. 461), i, n. [operio], a covering, cover, lid (class.): quibus operibantur operimenta et pallia opercula dixerunt, Varr. L. L. 5, § 167 Müll.: operimenta decem, Cato, R. R. 10: equis paria operimenta erant, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 11, 770: nuces gemino protectae operimento, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 86: fulmen, quo dolia exhauriuntur intactis operimen tis, the lids, id. 2, 51, 52, § 137: oculorum, id. 8, 42, 64, § 156: testei, id. 11, 37, 55, § 153; a coverlet, covering for a bed: lectuli, Vulg. Deut. 27, 20: de cubili, id. Prov. 22, 27: redditur terrae corpus et ita locatum ac situm quasi operimento matris obducitur, * Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 56.
Trop.: operimenta animae, Ambros. Noë et Arca, 29, § 112.

ŏpĕrĭo, ŭi, ertum, 4 (archaic fut. operibo: ego operibo caput, Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 33; imperf. operibat, Prop. 4, 12, 35), v. a. [pario, whence the opp. aperio, to uncover; cf. paro], to cover, cover over any thing (class.; syn.: tego, velo, induo).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Operire capita, Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 34; cf.: capite operto esse, Cic. Sen. 10, 34: operiri umerum cum toto jugulo, Quint. 11, 3, 141; id. praef. § 24.
      Esp., of clothing: aeger multā veste operiendus est, Cels. 3, 7 fin.; so in Vulg. Isa. 58, 7; id. Ezech. 18, 7 et saep.: fons fluctu totus operiretur, nisi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118: summas amphoras auro et argento, Nep. Hann. 9, 3: mons nubibus, Ov. P. 4, 5, 5: (rhombos) quos operit glacies Maeotica, Juv. 4, 42.
      Comically: aliquem loris, to cover over, i. e. to lash soundly, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 28: reliquias malae pugnae, i. e. to bury, Tac. A. 15, 28: operiet eos formido, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 18; id. Jer. 3, 25.
    2. B. Transf., to shut, close (syn.: claudo, praecludo, obsero): fores, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 1: ostium, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 33: iste opertā lecticā latus est, Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106: oculos, to shut, close (opp. patefacere), Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; cf.: opertos compressosve (oculos), Quint. 11, 2, 76.
  2. II. Trop.
      1. 1. To hide, conceal, keep from observation, dissemble: quo pacto hoc operiam? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 6 Bentl. (al. aperiam): non in oratione operiendā sunt quaedam, Quint. 2, 13, 12: quotiens dictu deformia operit, id. 8, 6, 59; cf. id. 5, 12, 18: luctum, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6: domestica mala tristitia, Tac. A. 3, 18.
      2. 2. To overwhelm, burden, as with shame, etc. (only in part. perf. pass.): contumeliis opertus, loaded, overwhelmed, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111; cf.: judicia operta dedecore et infamiā, id. Clu. 22, 61: infamiā, Tac. H. 3, 69.
      3. 3. Of sin, to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten (eccl. Lat.): qui converti fecerit peccatorem, operiet multitudinem peccatorum, Vulg. Jac. 5, 20; id. 1 Pet. 4, 8.—ŏpertus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed (class.): operta quae fuere, aperta sunt, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 9: res, Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 5: operta bella, Verg. G. 1, 465: cineres, Hor. C. 2, 8, 9: hamum, id. S. 1, 16, 50.
        As subst.: ŏpertum, i, n., a secret place or thing, a secret; an ambiguous answer, dark oracle, etc.: Apollinis operta, the dark, ambiguous oracles, Cic. Div. 1, 50, 115: telluris operta subire, the depths, Verg. A. 6, 140: opertum Bonae Deae, the secret place or secret service, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 32: litterarum, a secret, Gell. 17, 9, 22.
        Adv.: ŏpertē, covertly, figuratively (post-class.): operte et symbolice, Gell. 4, 11, 10.

ŏpĕrĭor, v. opperior.

ŏpermentum, v. operimentum init.

ŏpĕro, āvi, 1, v. a., post-class. collat. form of operor, q. v.

ŏpĕror (collat. form ŏpĕro, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 10, 33; Commod. 30, 14), ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [opus], to work, labor, toil, take pains; to be busied (not in Cic. or Cæs.).
Constr. absol. or with dat.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: seniores (apes) intus operantur, Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 21: servi, qui operari in agro consueverunt, Dig. 28, 5, 35.
          2. (β) With dat., to bestow pains upon a thing; to devote one’s self to, be engaged in or occupied with a thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): reipublicae, Liv. 4, 60, 2: conubiis arvisque novis operari, Verg. A. 3, 136: ornandis capillis, Ov. Am. 2, 7, 23: in cute curandā, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 29: textis Minervae, Tib 2, 1, 65: materiis caedendis, Tac. H. 5, 20: studiis litterarum, id. A. 3, 43: scholae, Quint. 10, 3, 13; Suet. Claud. 19: auditioni in scholis, Plin. 26, 2, 6, § 11; Val. Max. 8, 7, 4 ext.: rebus domesticis, Col. 12, 4, 3: reipublicae, Dig. 48, 5, 15.
    2. B. In partic., in relig. lang., to serve the gods, perform sacred rites, to honor or celebrate by sacrifices (for which: operam dare rebus divinis, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26): operari est deos religiose et cum summā veneratione sacrificiis litare, Non. 523, 9; Pompon. ap. Non. 523, 13: illum Dianae sanctum diem, Afran. ib. 14: sacra refer Cereri laetis operatus (= sacrificans) in herbis, Verg. G. 1, 339; cf.: Cynthia jam noctes est operata decem, Prop. 2, 33, 2 (3, 31, 2); and: mulier justis operata sacris, Hor C. 3, 14, 6: sacris, Liv. 1, 31, 8: superstitionibus, id. 10, 39, 2: viditque se operatum, et sanguine sacro respersa praetexta, Tac. A. 2, 14. Vesta, fave: tibi nunc operata resolvimus ora, the mouth devoted to thee, Ov. F. 6, 249: janua matutinis operatur festa lucernis, Juv. 12, 92.
  2. II. Transf.
      1. 1. To work, have effect, be effectual, to be active, to operate (post-class.): nihil denique praetermitteret, quod ad crudelitatem videretur operari, to be effectual, Capitol. Maxim. 13: ad sui dispendium, to avail, Cod. Just. 5, 12, 7: venenum operatur, operates, Lampr. Commod. 17.
      2. 2. Act. (eccl. Lat.)
          1. (α) To work, carry into effect, administer: justi tiam, Lact. 6, 12, 38; 6, 13, 4; 6, 24, 4: scelus, Vulg. Lev. 20, 12: miracula, Ambros. in Luc. 4, § 47.
          2. (β) To work, produce by working, cause: in vobis sollicitudinem, Vulg. 2 Cor. 7, 11: mortem, id. ib. 7, 10: gloriae pondus, id. ib. 4, 17: opera, id. Joan. 9, 4.
            Hence,
    1. A. ŏpĕrans, antis, P. a., active, efficient, effectual (post-Aug.): operantes apes spectare, Plin. 21, 14, 47, § 80.
      Comp.: bonitas operantior, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 4.
      Neutr. adv.: aridas vaporationes operantius mederi quam cataplasmata, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 89.
      Sup.: clysteres adhibere operantissimos, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 39.
    2. B. ŏpĕrātus, a, um, P. a.
      1. 1. Pass., performed, effected (eccl. Lat.): tot charismata perperam operata, Tert. Praescr. 29.
      2. 2. Act., efficacious, effective: fallaciae vis operatior, Tert. Anim. 57.

ŏpĕrōsē, adv., v. operosus fin.

ŏpĕrōsĭtas, ātis, f. [operosus], excessive pains, overmuch nicety, elaborate workmanship (post-Aug.): est etiam, quae περιεργία vocatur, supervacua, ut sic dixerim, operositas, Quint. 8, 3, 55: operositas suadendi, Tert. Anim. 2 fin.: vitreorum, Vop. Tac. 11.

ŏpĕrōsus, a, um, adj. [opera].

  1. I. Taking great pains, painstaking, active, busy, industrious, laborious (class.; syn.: laboriosus, industrius): senectus, opp. to languida atque iners, Cic. Sen. 8, 26: colonus, Ov. Nuce, 57: cultibus ambae, id. Am. 2, 10, 5.
    Poet. with Gr. acc.: Cynthia non operosa comas (al. comis), Prop. 5, 8, 52.
    Poet. with gen.: vates operose dierum, in regard to, Ov. F. 1, 101.
    Sup.: Syria in hortis operosissima, exceedingly industrious in gardening, Plin. 20, 5, 16, § 33.
    1. B. Transf., of a medicine, active, efficacious, powerful, drastic (poet.): herbae, Ov. M. 14, 22.
  2. II. That costs much trouble, troublesome, toilsome, laborious, difficult, elaborate (syn. difficilis): labor operosus et molestus, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59: artes, handicrafts, id. Off. 2, 5, 17: opus, id. Q. Fr. 2, 14, 1: res, Liv. 4, 8: templa, costly, sumptuous, Ov. M. 15, 667: moles mundi, the artfully constructed fabric of the universe, id. ib. 1, 258: castaneae cibo, hard to digest, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 93: carmina, elaborate, Hor. C. 4, 2, 31.
    Comp.: ne quis sepulcrum faceret operosius, quam quod decem homines effecerint triduo, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 64: divitiae operosiores, Hor. C. 3, 1, 48; 3, 12, 5.
    Hence, adv.: ŏpĕrōsē.
    1. A. Lit., with great labor or pains, laboriously, carefully (class.): nec flat operose, Cic. Or. 44, 149: vina condita, Ov F. 5, 269.
      Comp.: dicemus operosius, more precisely, Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 238.
    2. B. Transf., exactly, accurately (post-Aug.): dicemus mox paulo operosius, Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 238.

ŏpertānĕus, a, um, adj. [opertus], concealed, secret (post-Aug.): opertanea sacra, the secret rites of the Bona Dea, Plin. 10, 56, 77, § 156: di opertanei, who dwell in the bowels of the earth, Mart. Cap. 1, § 44

ŏpertē, adv., v. operio, P. a. fin

* ŏpertĭo, ōnis, f. [operio], a covering, a cover (for operimentum), Varr. L. L. 5, § 72 Müll.

ŏperto, āre, v. freq. a. [operio], to cover (ante-class.): opertat saepe opertit, Fest. p. 191 Müll.; Enn. ap. Non. 223, 30 (Ann. v. 500 Vahl.): continuo operta denuo, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 75 Fleck. (Ritschl, operi).

ŏpertōrĭum, ii, n. [operio].

  1. I. In gen., a cover (post-Aug.), Sen. Ep. 87, 2; Vulg. Exod. 36, 19.
    Trop.: peccati, Ambros. in Psa. 118, Serm. 7, § 31; id. Cant. Cantic. 3, § 2.
  2. II. In partic.
      1. 1. A garment, Vulg. Psa. 101, 27.
      2. 2. A grave (post-class.), Sid. Ep. 3, 12.

ŏpertum, i, n., v. operio fin.

1. ŏpertus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from operio.

2. ŏpertus, ūs, m. [operio], a covering (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 310, 15; Macr. S. 7, 9, 26.

ŏpĕrūla, ae, f. dim. [opera],

  1. I. a little trouble, slight service (post-class.), Dig. 50, 14, 3.
  2. II. Transf., earnings, gain (postclass.): operulas merere, App. M. 1, p. 105, 31.

ŏpes, opum, v. ops.

opetis, is, f., a plant, called also aristolochia, App. Herb. 19.

‡ Ophellĭus, ii, m., a Roman surname, Inscr. Grut. 463, 2.

Ŏpheltes, ae, m., = Ὀφέλτης, a proper name.

  1. I. Son of Lycurgus, king of Thrace, Stat. Th. 5, 538.
  2. II. A Trojan warrior, father of Euryalus, Verg. A. 9, 201.
  3. III. One of the Etruscan seamen, Ov. M. 3, 605.
  4. IV. A Cyzicene, Val. Fl. 3, 198.

ŏphĕostăphylē, ēs, f., v. ophiostaphyle.

† Ŏphĭăca, ōrum, n. plur., = τὰ Ὀφιακά, poems or treatises on serpents, Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 258.

Ōphĭăs, ădis, f., the daughter of Ophius, Ov. M. 7, 383.

ŏphĭcardēlos or -us, i, m., a precious stone, otherwise unknown; perh. a kind of onyx, Plin. 37, 10, 65, § 177.

Ŏphĭci, ōrum, m. [ὄφεις], of or belonging to snakes, Snake-men, an old name of the Capuans (because their territory abounded in snakes), Serv. Verg. A. 7, 730.

† ŏphĭdĭon, ii, n., = ὀφίδιον (little snake), a fish resembling the conger, Plin. 32, 9, 35, § 109; 32, 11, 53, § 149.

Ŏphĭŏgĕnes, um, m., = Ὀφιογενεῖς, a people of Asia Minor, who cured snakebites, Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 894 P.; Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 13; 28, 3, 6, § 30.

ŏphĭŏmăchus, i, m., = ὀφιομάχος (fighting with serpents); hence, a kind of locust, Vulg. Lev. 11, 22.

† 1. ŏphīon, ŏnis, m., = ὀφίων, a fabulous animal of Sardinia, Plin. 28, 9, 42, § 151; 30, 15, 52, § 146.

2. Ŏphīon, ŏnis, m., = Ὀφίων, a proper name.

  1. I. One of the giants, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 348.
  2. II. One of the companions of Cadmus; hence, Ŏphīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Ophion; poet. for Theban: Ophionia caedes, i. e. of Pentheus, Sen. Oedip. 483.
  3. III. The father of Amycus, the Centaur; hence, Ŏphīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Ophion, the Ophionide, of Amycus, Ov. M. 12, 245.

Ŏphĭŏphăgi, ōrum, m., = Ὀφιοφάγοι, snake-eaters, a people of Africa, Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 169; Mel. 3, 8, 8; Sol. 33, 17.

† ŏphĭostăphylē (ŏphĕos-), ēs, f., = ὀφιοσταφυλη (snake-grape), a kind of caper-bush: quidam id cynosbaton vocant, alii ophiostaphylen, Plin. 13, 23, 44, § 127.

† ŏphĭostaphylon, i, n., = ὀφιοστάφυλον, i. q. vitis alba, the white vine, white bryony: vitis alba est, quam Graeci ampeloleucen, alii ophiostaphylon … appellant, Plin. 23, 1, 16, § 21 (dub.; Jahn, staphylen).

Ophir, indecl. (= [??]), a region in Southern Arabia, Vulg. 3 Reg. 9, 28; id. 1 Par. 29, 4.
Hence, Ophirius, a, um, of or from Ophir, Plin. 36, 26, 66, § 193.

† Ŏphītae, ārum, m., = Ὀφῖται, Snakeworshippers, a sect so called, Isid. Orig. 8, 5; Tert. Praescr. 47.

† 1. ŏphītes, ae, m., = ὀφίτης (snakestone), a kind of marble spotted like a snake, serpentine-stone: ophites serpentium maculis similis, unde et nomen accepit, Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 55; 36, 22, 43, § 158; Mart. 6, 42, 15; Luc. 9, 714.

2. Ŏphītes, ae, m., = Ὀφίτης, a son of Hercules, Hyg. Fab. 32.

† ŏphītis, ĭdis, f., = ὀφῖτις, for 1. ophites.

† Ŏphĭūchus, i, m., = Ὀφιοῦχος, the Serpent-holder, a constellation: quem claro perhibent Ophiuchum nomine Graii, Cic. N. D. 2, 42, 109 ex Arat.; Manil. 1, 331.

† 1. ŏphĭūsa or ŏphĭussa, ae, f., = ὀφιοῦσα or ὀφιοῦσσα, a magical herb growing on the island of Elephantine, Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 163.

† 2. Ŏphĭūsa or Ŏphĭussa, ae, f., = Ὀφιοῦσα (-οῦσσα)

  1. I. An ancient name of Cyprus, whence Ŏphĭūsĭus, a, um, Cyprian: arva, Ov. M. 10. 229.
  2. II. The name of several islands, Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 78; 5, 31, 36, § 132; 4, 12, 20, § 61; 5, 32, 44, § 151.
  3. III. A town in Pontus, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 82.

Ŏphĭūsĭus, v. 2. Ophiusa, I.

† ŏphrys, yos, f., = ὀφρύς, a plant with two leaves, twiblade, bifoil, Plin. 26, 15, 93, n. 2, § 164.

ophthalmĭa, ae, f., = ὀφθαλμία, an inflammation of the eye, Boëth. ex Arist. Topic. 3, p. 689.

† ŏphthalmĭas, ae, m., = ὀφθαλμίας, a fish (in pure Lat. oculata), Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 70.

† ŏphthalmĭcus, i, m., = ὀφθαλμικός, an oculist (post-Aug.), Mart. 8, 74, 1.

‡ ŏpĭcerda or ŏvĭcerda, ae, f., sheep’s dung, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. sucerda, p. 302 Müll. dub.

ŏpĭcillum, i, n. dim. [ops], a little help (ante-class.): in uxorculae opicillum, Varr. ap. Non. 83, 25.

‡ Ŏpĭconsīva or Ŏpĕconsīva, ōrum, n., the festival of Ops Consivia, celebrated on the 25th of August: Opeconsiva dies ab deā Ope Consivia, quojus in Regiā sacrarium, Varr. L. L. 6, § 21 Müll.; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 396 and 311.

ŏpĭcus, a, um, adj. [a fuller form for Opsus, Obscus, and Oscus, lit. Oscan; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 188 Müll.; hence, transf.], clownish, rude, stupid, ignorant, foolish (not in Cic.): (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios opicos appellatione foedant, M. Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14: ut nostri opici putaverunt, Gell. 13, 9, 4: chartae, rough, coarse, unpolished, Aus. Prof. 22: amica, Juv. 6, 454: opici mures, barbarians of mice, that gnaw books, id. 3, 207.

opĭdum, i, n., v. oppidum.

ŏpĭfer, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [ops-fero], aidbringing, helping (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): deus, Ov. M. 15, 653: FORTVNA, Inscr. Orell. 1753.
Of things: folia, Plin. 16, 13, 24, § 64: fidem opiferam sociūm advocant, Enn. ap. Non. 144, 14 (p. 109, v. 165 Vahl.).

ŏpĭfex, ĭcis, comm. [opus-facio], one who does a work.

  1. I. Lit., a worker, maker, framer, fabricator (class.; cf.: faber, artifex. operarius).
    1. A. In gen.: opifex aedificatorque mundi deus, Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 18: rerum or aeternus, Col. 3, 10, 10; cf.: opifex natura, Plin. 31, 1, 1, § 1: calor, Lact. 2, 9, 22: sylvestres apes, Varr. R. R. 3, 16.
    2. B. In partic., a workman, mechanic, artist, artisan, etc.: opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150; cf. id. N. D. 2, 60, 150; id. Fl. 8, 18; id. Rep. 1, 22, 35: opifices atque servitia, Sall. C. 50, 1: hoc (instrumento) ego non artem credo egere, sed artificem, Quint. 2, 21, 24.
  2. II. Trop.: verborum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 34: dicens esse rhetoricen persuadendi opificem, id est πειθοῦς δημιουργόν, Quint. 2, 15, 4.
    Poet. with inf.: mire opifex … marem strepitum fidis intendisse Latinae, Pers. 6, 3.

ŏpĭfĭcīna, ae, f., v. officina init.

ŏpĭfĭcĭum, ii, n. [opifex], a working, the doing of a work, a work (ante- and post-class), Varr. R. R. 3, 16: in opificiis opera, App. Flor. n. 9.

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