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Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare],

  1. I. Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.: legio Martia … ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5: Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc., … ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc., Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS; for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed, Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695: Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus, Verg. E 10, 44: torvus, Hor. C. 1, 28, 17: cruentus, id. ib. 2, 14, 13: ferus, Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25: ferox, id. M. 13, 11: bellicus, id. F. 3, 1: fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum, Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4: per Martem, a soldier’s oath, Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers: Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.): Martem accendere cantu, to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165: apertus, fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9: pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat, id. 2, 46, 3: terribili Marte ululare, Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19: captam sine Marte, Stat. Ach. 1, 401: quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae, Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.
      Poet.: Mars forensis, a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.: et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent, id. F. 4, 188.
      Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one’s own exertions, without the assistance of others: rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34: cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis, id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.
    2. B. The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war: cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint, Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28: aequo Marte, with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8: pari Marte, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19: aequato Marte, Liv. 1, 25: verso Marte ( = versā fortunā), id. 29, 3, 11: vario Marte pugnatum est, Quint. 8, 6, 24: incerto Marte, Tac. H. 4, 35: anceps, Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2: dubius, Vell. 2, 55, 3.
    3. C. The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet πυρόεις, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42: Martis sidus, Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.
      Hence,
  3. III. Mar-tĭus (Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.
        1. a. Of or belonging to Mars: lupus, sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27: legio, Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5: miles, Ov. M. 14, 798: proles, i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59: anguis, sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32: judicium, i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus; v. campus: harena, a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8: gramen, i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13: Martii Calendis, Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.
          In the form Mavortius (poet.): moenia, i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276: tellus, i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462: conjux, i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208: proles, i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.: seges belli (because sprung from the dragon’s teeth), Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.
        2. b. Transf.
      1. 1. Warlike, martial: Martia Penthesilea, Verg. A. 11, 661: Martia saeculi voluptas, Mart. 5, 24, 1: Martius aeris rauci canor, Verg. G. 4, 71: vulnera, id. A. 7, 182: Thebe, i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.
      2. 2. Of or belonging to the planet Mars: ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.
        As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March: Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte, Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.
  4. IV. Martĭālis, e, adj.
    1. A. Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.; 7, § 45 ib.: lupus, sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9: ludi, in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.
      Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars: Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis, Cic. Clu. 15, 43.
    2. B. Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Marsăci and Marsăcĭi, ōrum, m., a people of Gallia Belgica.
Marsacii, Plin 4, 15, 29, § 101: Marsaci, Tac. H. 4, 56.

Marsi, ōrum, m.

  1. I. A people in Latium, on the Lacus Fucinus, celebrated as wizards and snake-charmers; in the Social War the most zealous enemies of the Romans, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15; 3, 12, 17, § 106; Caes. B. C. 1, 15; Liv. 8, 6; 9, 41 sq.; 26, 11; Flor. 3, 18, § 6; § 13 et saep.
    Sing. collect., Cic. Div. 2, 33, 70.
    1. B. Hence,
      1. 1. Marsus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Marsi, Marsian: augur, Auct. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Cic. ib. 2, 33, 70: manus, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 251 P. (Ann. v. 280 Vahl.): ager, Luc. 9, 790: montes, Verg. A. 7, 758; Col. 6, 5, 3: nives, Stat. S. 1, 5, 26: aper, Hor. C. 1, 1, 28: cellae (for the wine; v. Marsicus), Mart. 14, 116: centuriones, Caes. B. C. 2, 27: nenia, incantations, Hor. Epod. 17, 29; Ov. A. A. 2, 102: duellum, Hor. C. 3, 14, 18: senex, Juv. 14, 180.
      2. 2. Marsĭcus, a, um, adj., Marsian, Marsic: bellum, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 90; id. Div. 1, 44, 99; 2, 27, 59: pubes, Sil. 8, 496: vinum, Mart. 13, 121.
  2. II. A people of Germany, between the Rhine, Lippe, and Ems, Tac. G. 2; id. A. 1, 50; 56; 2, 25; id. H. 3, 59.

Marsigni, ōrum, m., a people of Germany, a part of the Suevi, Tac. G. 43.

‡ Marspedis sive sine r littera maspedis in precatione solitaurilium quid significet, ne Messalla quidem augur in explanatione auguriorum reperire se potuis se ait, Paul. ex Fest. p. 161 Müll.

Marspĭter, tris, v. Mars init.

† marsūpĭum (-suppium), ii, n., = μαρσύπιον, a pouch, purse (ante- and postclass.): curam marsupii habere, Varr. ap. Non. 142, 1: nummi aurei in marsupio, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 26: quom inspicio marsupium, id. Men. 2, 1, 29: exenterare, to empty, id. Ep. 2, 2, 3; Prud. Psych. 600; Alcim. 6, 311.

1. Marsus, a, um, v. Marsi, I. B. 1.

2. Marsus, i, m., Domitius Marsus, an epigrammatic poet in the time of Augustus, Ov. P. 4, 16, 5; Mart. 2, 71, 3.

1. Marsyas and Marsya, ae, m., = Μαρσύας, a satyr who challenged Apollo to a trial of skill on the flute, and whom the latter vanquished and flayed alive, Liv. 38, 13, 6; Ov. F. 6, 705; id. M. 6, 383; App. Flor. 1, 3, p. 113; Luc. 3, 207; Stat. Th. 4, 186; near his statue in the Roman forum was the place for the transaction of business, Hor. S. 1, 6, 120; Mart. 2, 64, 8; Sen. de Ben. 6, 32, 1; cf. Juv. 9, 2.

2. Marsyas, ae, m., the name of several rivers.

  1. I. A river in Greater Phrygia, which flows into the Mæander, now Tschinar Tchai, Ov. M. 6, 400; Liv. 38, 13, 6.
  2. II. The name of two rivers in Syria, Plin. 5, 23, 19, § 81; id. 5, 24, 21, § 86.