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leiostrĕa (līostrĕa), ae, f., = λειόστρεον, an oyster with a smooth shell, Lampr. Heliog. 19, 6.

lēmōnĭum and līmōnĭum, ii, n., = λειμώνιον, the wild beet, Plin. 25, 9, 61, § 108 (al. molenonium); id. 20, 8, 28, § 72.

liācŭlum, λειαντήρ (a polishing instrument), Gloss. Philox.

* lībācuncŭlus, i, m. dim. [libum], a little cake: de libacunculo, Tert. Spect. 27 (al. lucunculo).

lĭbădĭon, ĭi, n., = λιβάδιον, the herb centaury, Plin. 25, 6, 31, § 68.

lībāmen, ĭnis, n. [libo],

  1. I. that which is poured out in offerings to the gods, a drinkoffering, libation (poet. for libamentum), Ov. F. 3, 733: pingui cumulat libamine flammam, Val. Fl. 1, 204: setas Ignibus imponit, libamina prima, the hairs offered as a beginning of the sacrifice, Verg. A. 6, 246.
    So (eccl. Lat.) of the Mosaic drinkofferings: vinum libaminum bibere, Vulg. Deut. 32, 38; id. 1 Par. 29, 21.
    1. B. Transf., that which is thrown upon a funeral pile, an offering, Stat. Th. 6, 224.
  2. II. Trop., the first enjoyment of a thing: tu nova servatae capies: libamina famae, Ov. H. 4, 27.

lībāmentum, i, n. [libo], that which is poured out in offerings to the gods, a drinkoffering, libation (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: ut sacrificiorum libamenta serventur, Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29: libamenta Veneri solvere, Just. 12, 10, 4: haec ego nascentes laetus bacchatus ad aras libamenta tuli, offerings, Stat. S. 3, 1, 163: dona magnifica, quasi libamenta praedarum, first-fruits, Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44: haec est lex sacrificii et libamentorum, Vulg. Lev. 6, 14 (cf. libamen, I. A.).
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. That which is tasted: varia illa libamenta, Sen. Ep. 84, 5.
    2. B. A trial, first attempt, a sample, specimen (post-class. and very rare): primitias quasdam et quasi libamenta ingenuarum artium dedimus, Gell. N. A. praef. § 13; id. 16, 8, 15.

lĭbănĭos, ĭi, f., = λιβάνιος, a kind of vine, with the odor of frankincense, growing in the island of Thasos, Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117.

lĭbănītis, ĭdis, f., = λιβανῖτις, a plant, called also polion, App. Herb. 57.

lĭbănŏchrūs, i, f., = λιβανόχρους (frankincense-colored), a precious stone, otherwise unknown, Plin. 37, 10, 62, § 171.

lĭbănōtis, ĭdis, f., = λιβανωτίς, rosemary, Plin. 19, 12, 62, § 187; 20, 16, 64, § 172.

1. Lĭbănus (scanned Lībănus, Sedul. 4, 55), i, m., = Λίβανος (Hebr. Lĕbānōn),

  1. I. Mount Lebanon, in Syria, Plin. 5, 20, 17, § 77; Aus. Techn. Idyll. 12, 5; Vulg. 3 Reg. 4, 33.
    1. B. Lībănus, a, um, adj., of Lebanon: Libana cedrus, Sedul. 4, 55.
  2. II. Transf.: lĭbănus, i, c., frankincense (pure Lat. tus), Vulg. Sirach, 24, 21; 39, 18.

2. Lĭbănus, i, m., the name of a slave, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 37.

lībārĭus, ii, m. [libum], a pastry-cook, confectioner, Sen. Ep. 56, 3.

lībātĭo, ōnis, f. [libo],

  1. I. a drink-offering, libation, Cic. Harusp. Resp. 10, 21: mensa, in qua epulae, libationesque reponuntur, Macr. S. 3, 11, 5.
  2. II. A Mosaic drink-offering ( = libamentum), Vulg. Num. 28, 24 al.

* lībātor, ōris, m. [libo], one who makes a libation: cenarum libator, Front. de Fer. Als. ep. 3 Mai.

lībātōrĭum, ĭi, n. [libo], the vessel in which a libation was offered, Vulg. 1 Macc. 1, 23; id. Esr. 2, 13.

lībella, ae, f. dim. [libra].

  1. I. An as, a small silver coin, the tenth part of a denarius: nummi denarii decuma libella, quod libram pondo aeris valebat, et erat ex argento parva, Varr. L. L. 5, § 174 Müll.: librales, unde etiam nunc libella dicitur et dupondius, appendebantur asses, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42; Cato, R. R. 15, 1: sunt enim in sestertio libellae decem, singulae viginti, teruncii quadraginta, Volus. Maec. 66.
    1. B. In gen.
      1. 1. Prov. for a very small sum of money, as with us a farthing, groat, cent: una libella liber possum fieri, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 8; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 27: tibi libellam argenti numquam credam, id. Ps. 2, 2, 34: quoi neque libellai spes sit usquam gentium, id. ib. 1, 1, 96: quom libella nusquamst, nisi, etc., id. ib. 4, 7, 47: quis Volcatio unam libellam dedisset? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26.
        Hence, ad libellam, i. q. ad assem, to a farthing, to a cent, exactly, Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11.
      2. 2. In inheritances: ex libella, i. q. ex asse, sole heir: Curius fecit palam te ex libella, me ex teruncio, Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3.
  2. II. An instrument for detecting any variation from a perfectly horizontal surface, a level, water-level, plummetline: libella aliqua si ex parti claudicat hilum, Lucr. 4, 515: collocare et expolire aliquid ad regulam et libellam, Vitr. 1, 6, 6; cf. Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188: structuram (parietis) ad normam et libellam fieri, et ad perpendiculum respondere oportet, id. 36, 22, 51, § 172: locus qui est ad libellam aequus, quite, perfectly level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin.

lĭbellāris, e, adj. [libellus], of or belonging to books, book- (late Lat.): opus, a written work, writing, Sid. Ep. 9, 11.

lĭbellātĭci, ōrum, m. [libellus], a term applied to Christians who, during the persecutions, purchased false certificates of a magistrate that they had sacrificed in the heathen manner, Cypr. Ep. 55.

lĭbellensis, is, m. [libellus], an officer who presented petitions to the emperor and registered them, Cod. 7, 62, 32; 12, 19, 14; 3, 24, 3.

lĭbellĭo, ōnis, m. [libellus].

  1. * I. A notary, Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28.
  2. * II. A poor bookseller: de capsa miseri libellionis, Stat. S. 4, 9, 21.

lĭbellŭlus, i, m. dim. [libellus], a very little book (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 3, § 289.

lĭbellus, i, m. dim. [3. liber].

  1. * I. The inner bark of a tree, used for writing-tablets: levis in aridulo malvae descripta libello (carmina), Cinna ap. Isid. Orig. 6, 12.
  2. II. Transf., a little book, pamphlet, esp. a book written in pages, and not in long rolls: epistulae, quas primus videtur ad paginas et formam memorialis libelli convertisse (opp. transversa charta), Suet. Caes. 56.
    1. A. In gen.: scripsi etiam illud quodam in libello, Cic. de Or. 1, 21, 94: in quodam joculari libello, Quint. 8, 6, 73; 2, 13, 15: quoi dono lepidum novum libellum, Cat. 1, 1: horribilis et sacer, id. 14, 12: quicquid hoc libelli est, id. 1, 8: libellis eum (Scipionem) palaestraeque operam dare, to books, Liv. 29, 19 fin.: nostri farrago libelli, Juv. 1, 86.
      Of a single satire, Hor. S. 1, 10, 92.
      1. 2. In plur., poet., a bookseller’s shop: te (quaesivimus) in omnibus libellis, Cat. 55, 4 (dub.; al. labellis); Mart. 5, 20, 8.
    2. B. In partic., a writing of any kind.
      1. 1. A memorandumbook, journal, diary: si quid memoriae causā retulit in libellum, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 19: in commentariolis et chirographis et libellis, id. ib. 1, 7, 16; Quint. 12, 8, 5; cf. id. 10, 7, 31; 11, 3, 142; 6, 2, 5.
      2. 2. A memorial: non illi in libellis laudationum decreta miserunt, Cic. Clu. 69, 197.
      3. 3. A petition: Atticus libellum composuit: eum mihi dedit, ut darem Caesari, Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 4: libellum alicui porrigere, Suet. Aug. 53: supplices libelli, Mart. 8, 31, 3: vitem posce libello, Juv. 14, 193: libellos signare, subnotare, to answer petitions: libellos signare, Suet. Aug. 50: subnotare libellos, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 9; so, ad libellum rescribere, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 3, 3, 5: libellos agere, to have the charge of answering petitions, Dig. 20, 5, 12: a libellis, the officer charged with receiving petitions: Epaphroditum a libellis capitali poena condemnavit, Suet. Dom. 14; Inscr. Grut. 587, 9: A LIBELLIS ADIVTOR, ib. 587, 7.
      4. 4. A note of invitation, to hear a lecture, see a play, etc., a notice, programme: gladiatorum libellos venditare, Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 97: domum mutuatur et subsellia conducit et libellos dispergit, Tac. Or. 9: munerarius, the programme of a festival, Treb. Claud. 5.
      5. 5. A public notification, announcement, placard, handbill: edere per libellos, Suet. Caes. 41: libellos Sex. Alfenus, procurator P. Quincti, deicit, tears down the auction handbills, Cic. Quint. 6, 27: suspensum amici bonis libellum, Sen. Ben. 4, 12: vestitur tota libellis porticus, Juv. 12, 100.
      6. 6. A letter: (laetitias) in libello hoc opsignato quas tuli pausillulo, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 16 (cf. epistulam, id. ib. v. 26): libellum ipsius habeo in quo, etc., Cic. Att. 6, 1, 5: ut ex libellis ejus animadverti, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 1.
      7. 7. A libel, lampoon, pasquinade (post-Aug.): libellos aut carmina ad infamiam cujuspiam edere, Suet. Aug. 55; id. Caes. 80; id. Vit. 14: sparsos de se in Curia famosos libellos, id. Aug. 55: sive quis ad infamiam alicujus libellum aut carmen scripserit, Gai. Inst. 3, 220: injuriam patimurfamosis libellis, Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 1.
      8. 8. A written accusalion or complaint (post-Aug.): componunt ipsae per se formantque libellos, Juv. 6, 244; Dig. 48, 2, 3.
      9. 9. A lawyer’s brief: quid causidicis praestent magno comites in fasce libelli? Juv. 7, 107.
      10. 10. An attestation, certificate: significent id libello manu sua subscripto, Dig. 39, 4, 4.

lĭbens (lŭb-), entis, P. a., v. libet.

lĭbenter (lŭb-), adv., v. libet fin.

lĭbentĭa (lŭb-), ae, f. [libens],

  1. I. delight, pleasure, joy (ante- and post-class.): onustum pectus porto laetitia lubentiaque, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 3: postquam erili filio Largitu’s dictis dapsilis lubentias, id. Ps. 1, 4, 3: libentiae gratiaeque conviviorum, Gell. 15, 2, 7.
  2. II. Personified: Lĭbentĭa (Lŭb-), ae, f., the goddess of delight, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 2; cf. the foll. art.

Lĭbentīna (Lŭb-), ae, f. [libens], usually connected with Venus, the goddess of sensual pleasure, Venus: a lubendo libido, libidinosus ac Venus Libentina et Libitina, Varr. L. L. 6, § 47 Müll.; id. ap. Non. 64, 14; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 61: lucus Veneris Lubentinae, Varr. ap. Non. 64, 14; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 8.

lĭbĕo, v. libet.

1. līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci λοιβὴν et λείβειν, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root λιφ-, λίπτω, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

  1. I. In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33: an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc., id. ib. 5, 2, 36: ad scribendi licentiam liber, id. N. D. 1, 44, 123: agri immunes ac liberi, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166: integro animo ac libero causam defendere, unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86: liberi ad causas solutique veniebant, not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.: libera lingua, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9: cor liberum, id. Ep. 1, 2, 43: vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem, Liv. 35, 32, 6: libera verba animi proferre, Juv. 4, 90: judicium audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150: aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio, id. Brut. 67, 236: libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera, id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens, id. de Or. 2, 16, 67: liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente, Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5: mandata, full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8: fenus, unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1; v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia, the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211: locus, free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6: lectulus, i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga (poet. for virilis toga), a man’s (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771: vestis, id. ib. 3, 777: libera omnia sibi servare, to reserve to one’s self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.
            Comp.: hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8: est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior, id. de Or. 1, 16, 70: liberiores litterae, id. Att. 1, 13, 1: amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior, freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.: paulo liberior sententia, Quint. 4, 2, 121: liberior in utramque partem disputatio, id. 7, 2, 14: fusiores liberioresque numeri, id. 9, 4, 130: officia liberiora plenioraque, id. 6, 1, 9: (flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae, freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.: (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat, freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292: liberiore frui caelo, freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.
            Sup.: liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc., the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.: liberrime Lolli, most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1: indignatio, id. Epod. 4, 10.
          2. (β) Free or exempt from, void of; with ab: Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.: (consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis, id. Agr. 1, 9, 27: ab observando homine perverso liber, id. Att. 1, 13, 2: liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius, id. Ac. 2, 39, 123: ab omni animi perturbatione liber, id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55: loca abdita et ab arbitris libera, id. Att. 15, 16, B: libera a ferro crura, Ov. P. 1, 6, 32: animus liber a partibus rei publicae, Sall. C. 4.
          3. (γ) With abl.: animus omni liber curā et angore, free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15: animus religione, Liv. 2, 36: animus cogitationibus aliis, Quint. 11, 2, 35: mens omnibus vitiis, id. 12, 1, 4; cf.: liberis odio et gratia mentibus, id. 5, 11, 37: omni liber metu, Liv. 7, 34: liber invidia, Quint. 12, 11, 7: equus carcere, Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.
          4. (δ) With gen. (poet.): liber laborum, Hor. A. P. 212: fati gens Lydia, Verg. A. 10, 154: curarum, Luc. 4, 384.
            Comp.: liberior campi, having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.
            (ε) Liberum est, with subject-clause: quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est, it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8: dies eligere certos liberum erat, Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.
            So in abl. absol.: libero, quid firmaret mutaretve, Tac. A. 3, 60.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus; also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28: dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify, id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born: quid ea? ingenuan’ an festucā facta e servā liberast? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14: in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est, Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96: si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber, id. Top. 2, 10: quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est, of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43: liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini, Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.
    2. B. Free, in a political point of view; said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people, Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.: ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit, id. ib. 1, 44, 68: liber populus, id. ib. 3, 34, 46: (Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis, democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34: civitates liberae atque immunes, free from service, Liv. 37, 55: provinciae civitatesque liberae, Suet. Vesp. 8: libera ac foederata oppida, id. Calig. 3: Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit, Juv. 8, 244.
    3. C. In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious: quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter), Plaut. Am. prol. 105: adulescens imprudens et liber, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.: sit adulescentia liberior, somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42: amores soluti et liberi, id. Rep. 4, 4, 4: consuetudo peccandi, id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.
      Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly: qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34: animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere, id. Div. 2, 48, 100: respirare, id. Quint. 11, 39: constanter et libere (me gessi), id. Att. 4, 16, 9: consilium dare, id. Lael. 13, 44: aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse, id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176: omnia libere fingimus et impune, Quint. 6, 1, 43: ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare, Cic. Or. 23, 77.
      Comp.: liberius vivendi fuit potestas, Ter. And. 1, 1, 23: loqui, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: fortius liberiusque defendere, Quint. 12, 1, 21: liberius si Dixero quid, Hor. S. 1, 4, 103: maledicere, id. ib. 2, 8, 37: longius et liberius exseritur digitus, Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97: ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat, freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

2. līber, ĕri (gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155; but also: liberorum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

  1. I. Sing. (post-class. and rare): si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat, Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.
  2. II. Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
    1. A. Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.): cum conjugibus et liberis, Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3: eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse, id. ib. 16, 11, 1: liberos procreare, id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109: suscipere liberos, id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161: per liberos te precor, Hor. Epod. 5, 5: dulces, id. ib. 2, 40: parvuli, Quint. 2, 15, 8; opp. parentes, id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one’s twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child: non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est, Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5: neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem) … qui liberos tres haberet, Gell. 1, 12, 8: uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant, Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.
      Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren: liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur, Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.: liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur, ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7: habitus sis in liberum loco, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.
      1. 2. Esp.
          1. (α) Of sons (opp. daughters): procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias, Hyg. Fab. 9.
          2. (β) Of children in gen. = pueri: praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione, Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.
    2. B. Transf., of animals, young: liberis orbas oves, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.
      Comically: quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

3. Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. λείβω, to pour; λοιβή, a drink-offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus: hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item, Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5: Liber et alma Ceres, Verg. G. 1, 7: ex aede Liberi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128; in a pun with 1. liber, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free: quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.: salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc., id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.
Connected with pater: sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19: Romulus et Liber pater, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5: per vestigia Liberi patris, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39: patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus, Col. 3, 21, 3: Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur, Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.

  1. B. Meton., wine: illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60: Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane, Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra: sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc., Hor. C. 4, 12, 14: condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber, id. S. 1, 4, 89.

4. lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. λέπειν, to peel; λέπος, λεπίς; cf. λοβός], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci, Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120: colligatae libris (arundines), Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4: udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro, Verg. G. 2, 77: natam libro et silvestri subere clausam, id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67: quam denso fascia libro, Juv. 6, 263.
    2. B. Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.): antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris, Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.
      Hence,
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.: charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.
    2. B. Most freq. a book, work, treatise: Demetrii liber de concordia, Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6: quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui, id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5: dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi, id. de Sen. 15, 54: libros pervolutare, id. Att. 5, 12, 2: evolvere, id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24: volvere, id. Brut. 87, 298: legere, id. Fam. 6, 6, 8: edere, id. Fat. 1, 1: libri confectio, id. de Sen. 1, 1: tempus ad libros vacuum, id. Rep. 1, 9, 14: cujus (Platonis) in libris, id. ib. 1, 10, 16: in Graecorum libris, id. ib. 2, 11, 21: librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare, Juv. 3, 41: actorum libri, the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.
    3. C. In partic.
      1. 1. A division of a work a look: tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum, Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3: hi tres libri (de Officiis), id. Off. 3, 33, 121: sermo in novem libros distributus, id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1: dictum est in libro superiore, id. Off. 2, 13, 43 sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1: versus de libro Ennii annali sexto, id. 6, 3, 86: liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc., id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al.
        Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted: in T. Livii primo, Quint. 9, 2, 37: in tertio de Oratore, id. 9, 1, 26: legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.
      2. 2. In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute-book, code: decemviris adire libros jussis, i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12: se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11: ut in libris est Etruscorum, id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3: caerimoniarum, rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.
    4. D. A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.
    5. E. A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.
  3. F. A rescript, decree (post-Aug.): liber principis severus et tamen moderatus, Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lībĕra, ae, f. [3. Liber].

  1. I. Proserpine, daughter of Ceres, and sister of Liber: hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36: Ceres et Libera, quarum sacra, etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 72, § 137: signa aënea Cereri, Libero Liberaeque posuerunt, Liv. 33, 25: supplicatio ad Cereris, Liberi Liberaeque fuit, id. 41, 28; for which in full: familia ad aedem Cereris, Liberi Liberaeque venum iret, id. 3, 55, 7.
  2. II. Ariadne (because she was the wife of Bacchus), Ov. F. 3, 512.

Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, v. 3. Liber, II.

1. lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.

  1. I. Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person’s freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.: si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf. 5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa, id. Poen. 4, 2, 84: nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu, I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40: judicium, Quint. 6, 3, 32: liberale conjugium, a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.
    Pleon.: ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.
  2. II. Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).
    1. A. In gen.: ingenium, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41: artes liberales, befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci ἐλευθέρια μαθήματα appellant; rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae, Dig. 50, 13, 1: hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.: omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina, id. Ac. 2, 1, 1: de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, id. Off. 1, 42, 150: liberalissima studia, id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9: spes liberalioris fortunae, of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26: responsum, kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus): liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56: benefici liberalesque, id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.: liberalissimi et beneficentissimi, id. ib. 14, 51: liberalissimus munificentissimusque, id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22: virtus munifica et liberalis, id. Rep. 3, 8, 12: largus, beneficus, liberalis, id. Deiot. 9, 26.
          1. * (β) With gen.: laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant, Sall. C. 7, 6.
          2. (γ) With in and acc.: in omne genus hominum liberalissimus, Suet. Vesp. 7.
        1. b. Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant: largum et liberale viaticum, Cic. Fl. 6, 14: potio, Cels. 3, 6: liberalius alimentum, id. 8, 10, 7.
      2. 2. Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.): illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60: lepidā et liberali formast, id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50: species, id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.
        Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.
      1. 1. In gen.: homo liberaliter educatus, Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57: eruditi, id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6: vivere, id. Lael. 23, 86: servire, i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11: respondere, kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18: oratione aliquem prosequi, id. ib. 2, 5.
      2. 2. In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally: benigne ac liberaliter, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196: large et liberaliter, id. ib. 2, 3, 88, § 204: instructus, Caes. B. C. 3, 61.
        Comp.: vivo paulo liberalius, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3: nec potui accipi liberalius, id. Att. 16, 6, 1: ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus, Quint. 6, 3, 19: ubi liberalius malos odimus, more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.
        Sup.: dotem largiri liberalissime, App. M. 10, p. 250, 13: liberalissime polliceri, Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.

2. Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.
Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713: Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur, Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15: sacra, id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411: Liberalia tu accusas, Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1: Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas, id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.
Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Διονύσια. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.

lībĕrālĭtas, ātis, f. [1. liber], a way of thinking befitting a freeman; a noble, kind, or friendly disposition, noble spirit, kindness, affability.

  1. I. In gen. (rare): liberalitate liberos retinere satius est, quam metu, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 32: qui ita vivunt, ut eorum probetur fides, liberalitas, kindness, Cic. Lael. 5, 19: (L. Cassius) homo, non liberalitate, ut alii, sed ipsa tristitia et severitate popularis, id. Brut. 25, 97.
  2. II. In partic., generosity, liberality (the usual signif. of the word; syn.: bonitas, beneficentia, benignitas): beneficentia, quam eandem vel benignitatem vel liberalitatem appellari licet, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20: liberalitas ac benignitas, id. de Or. 2, 25, 105: magnificentia liberalitatis, id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24: ut ea liberalitate utamur, quae prosit amicis, noceat nemini, id. Off. 1, 14, 43: quid dicam de pietate in matrem, liberalitate in sorores? id. Lael. 3, 11: liberalitatis virtutes, Quint. 6 prooem. § 10: illa quidam catachresis volunt esse, cumpro luxuria liberalitas dicitur; a quibus equidem dissentio, id. 8, 6, 36.
    1. B. Transf. (abstr. pro concr.), a gift, present (post-Aug.): decima parte liberalitatis apud quemque eorum relicta, Tac. H. 1, 20; Suet. Tib. 46: unaque et altera liberalitate locupletavit, id. Vit. Hor.
      Plur.: revocatae liberalitates ejus, gifts, grants, Suet. Claud. 29: liberalitates Neronis revocandas curavit, id. Galb. 15.

lībĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [libero], a freeing or becoming free, a delivering, releasing, release, liberation.

  1. I. In gen.: ipsa liberatione et vacuitate omnis molestiae gaudemus, Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37: malorum, Quint. 5, 10, 33: culpae, Cic. Lig. 1, 1: rempublicam sub obtentu liberationis invadere, of setting it at liberty, Just. 5, 8, 12.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. A discharge in a court of law, an acquittal: libidinosissimae liberationes, Cic. Pis. 36, 87.
    2. B. In jurid. Lat., a discharge or release from debt, a payment: liberationis verbum eandem vim habet quam solutionis, Dig. 50, 16, 47: liberationem debitori legare, i. e. remission, ib. 34, 3, 3; cf.: de liberatione legata, of releasing from a debt by last will or testament, ib. 34, tit. 3.

lībĕrātor, ōris, m. [libero],

  1. I. a freer, deliverer, liberator: patriae liberatores, Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6: urbis, Liv. 1, 60: nostri liberatores, Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2: liberator suus, Liv. 6, 14: scortorum, * Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 14.
    In apposition: liberator populus, Liv. 35, 18 fin.
    So as an epithet of Jupiter (like Ζευς ἐλευθέριος): libare se liquorem illum Jovi liberatori, Tac. A. 15, 64; 16, 35.
    So in eccl. Lat. freq. of God: refugium meum ac liberator meus, Vulg. Psa. 17, 3.
  2. II. Transf.: liberator ille populi Romani animus, Liv. 1, 56.

lībĕrātrix, īcis, f. [liberator], she that releases, Eckhel. D. N. V. T. 6, p. 288.

lībĕrē, adv., v. 1. liber fin. A.

lībĕri, ōrum, children; v. 2. liber.

lībĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old form of the fut. perf. liberasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 66), v. a. [1. liber], to make or set free, to free, liberate (syn. vindico).

  1. I. Lit., to release from slavery, to free, manumil: amicas emite, liberate, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 22: liberem ego te? id. Men. 5, 7, 35: servos, Caes. B. C. 3, 9: sese, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 182: aliquem vindictā liberare, Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 4.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In gen., to free, release, extricate, deliver (cf. levo) a person or thing from something (an obligation, debt, difficulty, etc.); constr.: aliquem (aliquid) ab aliqua re, with simple abl.; less freq. with gen.
        1. a. With personal objects.
          1. (α) With ab: teque item ab eo vindico ac libero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1: se a Venere, to release one’s self from one’s duty to Venus, id. Div. in Caecil. 17, 53.
          2. (β) With abl.: divortio te liberabo incommodis, Poët. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38: defensionum laboribus senatoriisque muneribus liberatus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 1: aliquem culpā, id. Att. 13, 22, 3: aliquem invidiā, id. N. D. 1, 6, 13: aliquem suspicione crudelitatis, id. Fam. 1, 2, 3: aliquem magnā sollicitudine, id. Att. 6, 1, 10; cf.: populum metu, id. Rep. 1, 16, 25: liberatus omni perturbatione animi, id. ib. 1, 17, 28: aliquem periculo, Caes. B. C. 3, 83: obsidione, id. B. G. 4, 19: se aere alieno, to pay a debt, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 4.
          3. (γ) With gen.: aliquem culpae, Liv. 41, 19: voti liberari, id. 5, 28.
          4. * (δ) With ex: multos ex incommodis pecuniā, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 23.
            (ε) With simple acc.: vectigales multos ac stipendiarios liberavit, exempted from taxes, Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10: Volusii liberandi, meum fuit consilium, to release from obligation, id. Fam. 5, 20, 4: Buthrotios cum Caesar decreto suo liberavisset, viz., from a division of their lands, id. Att. 16, 16, C, 11: amotusque post triumphum abdicatione dictaturae terror et linguam et animos liberaverat hominum, Liv. 6, 16, 8: (debitores) capitis deminutione liberantur, i. e. from debt, Gai. Inst. 3, 84 al.
        2. b. With inanim. and abstr. objects: eum (mundum) ab omni erratione liberavit, Cic. Univ. 6; cf. below, at the end of this number: quorum linguae sic inhaererent, ut loqui non possent, eae scalpello resectae liberarentur, would be set free, id. Div. 2, 46, 96: liberare agros, to free or exempt from taxes, id. Agr. 1, 4, 10: publica liberare, id. ib. 2, 21, 57; cf.: liberari omnia Asiae emporia portusque, Liv. 32, 33: liberata vectigalia, id. 41, 28: fundum alii obligatum liberare, Dig. 18, 1, 41: liberare fidem, to discharge one’s promise, keep one’s word, Cic. Fl. 20, 47: liberare promissa, to cancel promises, to make them void and of no effect, id. Off. 1, 10, 33: nomina, to settle debts, Liv. 7, 21: impensam, to clear or repay expenses, Col. 3, 3.
          Of an abstr. object: divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To absolve or acquit in a court of justice (syn.: absolvo, solvo): aliquem, opp. condemnare, Cic. Clu. 22, 60: aliquem crimine aliquo, id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 71: liberatur Milo, non eo consilio profectus esse, is acquitted of the charge of having undertaken a journey with the design, etc., id. Mil. 18, 47: reum a judicibus hoc defensionis modo liberari non posse, Quint. 7, 4, 20.
        Very rarely with acc. of the charge: crimen libidinis confessio intemperantiae liberavit, Val. Max. 8, 1, 12.
      2. 2. To clear, i. e. to pass, traverse, cross over a place without hinderance (post-Aug.): flumen, Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3; 4, 7, 28; Hyg. Fab. 257: angustias freti, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 13: limen, Petr. 136.
      3. 3. Templa liberata, freed from buildings that obstructed the view, i. e. having a free prospect, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21.

līberta, ae, v. libertus, B.

lībertas (old form, loebertas; v. 1. liber init.), ātis, f. [1. liber], the state or condition of a freeman, a being free, freedom, liberty, freedom from restraint or obligation, free will, etc.

  1. I. In gen.: quid est enim libertas? potestas vivendi, ut velis, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34: ne majorem largiar ei, qui contra dicturus est, libertatem et licentiam, id. Ac. 2, 10, 30: praecidere sibi libertatem vivendi, id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3: tabella dat populo eam libertatem, ut, quod velint, faciant, id. Planc. 6, 16: libertas in ridendo, in plorando, id. ib. 14, 33: omnium rerum impunitam libertatem tenere, id. de Or. 1, 52, 226: libertas est naturalis facultas ejus quod cuique facere libet, nisi si quid vi aut jure prohibetur, Just. Inst. 1, 3, 1.
    With gen.: feminae omnium rerum libertatem desiderant, Liv. 34, 2 fin: testamentorum, Quint. 3, 6, 84: verborum (with licentia figurarum), id. 10, 1, 28: dialogorum, id. 10, 5, 15: caeli, the open air, id. 10, 3, 22.
    Poet. with inf sit modo libertas, quae velit ira, loqui, Prop. 1, 1, 28: nec mihi libertas imis freta tollere arenis, Val. Fl. 1, 601.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Civil freedom, liberty, opp. to slavery: Scaevae, servo Q. Crotonis, libertas data est, Cic. Rab. Perd. 11, 31: alicujus libertati parcere, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): omnes homines naturā libertati studere et condicionem servitutis odisse, Caes. B. G. 3, 10 fin.: patriam et libertatem perdidi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 50: libertas paenulast tergo tuo, id. Most. 4, 2, 74: haruspex his promisit libertatem, id. Poen. 5, 4, 54: aliquem in libertatem asserere, Suet. Vit. 10: petitur puer in libertatem, id. Rhet. 1: libertatis condicio, Ulp. Fragm. 2, 3: favor libertatis, Gai. Inst. 1, 21; Paul. Sent. 2, 23, 2: libertatem dare, Gai. Inst. 2, 200: amittere, id. ib. 1, 160 sq.
          1. (β) In plur. (anteand post-class.): tribus non conduci possim libertatibus, Quin, etc., Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 70: pecunias et libertates servis et ante dono datas, Tac. A. 15, 55: in libertatibus dandis, Gai. Inst. 2, § 228: libertatium conservandarum causa, Dig. 38, 1, 13, § 1: lex (Fufia Caninia) cavet ut libertates servis testamento nominatim dentur, Ulp. Fragm. 1, 25.
      1. 2. Trop.: se in libertatem vindicare, Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 145; cf.: in libertatem vindicati, id. N. D. 1, 20, 56.
    2. B. Political freedom, liberty, or independence of a people not under monarchical rule, or not subject to another people (opp. servitus and dominatus): aut exigendi reges non fuerunt: aut plebi re, non verbo danda libertas, Cic. Leg. 3, 10 fin.: aliae nationes servitutem pati possunt: populi Romani est propria libertas, id. Phil. 6, 7 fin.; cf. id. ib. 3, 11 fin.: in optimatium dominatu vix particeps libertatis potest esse multitudo, id. Rep. 1, 27, 43: et a regum et a patrum dominatione solere in libertatem rem populi vindicari, etc., id. ib. 1, 32, 48: alicui eripere libertatem, id. ib. 1, 17, 28: in libertate permanere, Caes. B. G. 3, 8: libertatem accipere, recuperare, id. ib. 7, 1 fin.: plus communi libertati tribuere, id. ib. 7, 37: per dolum ac proditionem prope libertas amissa est, Liv. 2, 3, 1: conditor Romanae libertatis, id. 8, 34.
    3. C. The spirit of liberty, consciousness of freedom: dolor animi, innata libertas, prompta excellensque virtus, Cic. Sest. 41, 88: timefacta libertas, id. Off. 2, 7, 24.
    4. D. Freedom of speech or thought, frankness, boldness, candor (mostly post-Aug.): hoc mihi libertas, hoc pia lingua dedit, Ov. H. 15, 68: vera de exitu ejus magna cum libertate ominatus est, Vell. 2, 71, 2: quae in aliis libertas est, in aliis licentia vocatur, Quint. 3, 8, 48: affectatores libertatis, id. 6, 2, 16; 10, 1, 94: antiqua comoedia facundissimae libertatis, id. 10, 1, 65: vox honestissimae libertatis, id. 11, 1, 37: libertas ingenii, Sall. J. 30, 3.
    5. E. Freedom from taxation, exemption: aedium, Dig. 8, 6, 18.
  3. F. Personified: Līber-tas, tatis, f., the goddess of Liberty, whose temple on the Aventine Hill was founded by the father of Tiberius Gracchus in the second Punic war; in the atrium of this temple the census-tables were preserved, Ov. F. 4, 624; Liv. 24, 17; 25, 7; 34, 44; 45, 15; Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Att. 4, 16, 14; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61. A statue of Libertas was erected by Clodius on the site of Cicero’s house after it was pulled down, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 3.

lībertīna, ae, v. 1. libertinus, II. B.

lībertīnĭtas, ātis, f. [libertinus], the condition of a freedman (jurid. Lat.), Dig. 22, 3, 14; 4, 8, 32; 49, 4, 2 med. al.

* lībertīnĭum, ii, n. [libertinus], the property obtained by a freedman on the death of his patron: tenue, Calp. Decl. 14 fin. dub.

1. lībertīnus, a, um, adj. [libertus],

  1. I. of or belonging to the condition of a freedman (opp. ingenuus, of the condition of a freeborn person; cf. in the foll. the passage Tac. A. 15, 57, and under II. A. the passage from Gai. Inst. 1, 10 and 11): homo liber, qui se vendidit, manumissus non ad suum statum revertitur, quo se abdicavit, sed efficitur libertinae condicionis, enters into the condition of a freedman, becomes a freedman, Dig. 1, 5, 21: in classem mille socii navales cives Romani libertini ordinis scribi jussi, Liv. 43, 12, 9; 42, 27, 3 (for which: navales socii cives Romani, qui servitutem servissent, id. 40, 18, 7); Suet. Gram. 18: Atilius quidam libertini generis, Tac. A. 4, 62; 2, 85; Suet. Aug. 44: libertinus homo, a freedman, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; id. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124; cf.: mulieris libertinae sermo, of a freedwoman, Liv. 39, 13, 2: libertina mulier, Tac. A. 15, 57; Suet. Calig. 16: ut me libertino patre natum, of a father who was a freedman, Hor. S. 1, 6, 6; so, id. ib. 45; 46; id. Ep. 1, 20, 20: sunt etiam libertini optimates, Cic. Sest. 45, 97: miles, Suet. Aug. 25: plebs, Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 48: opes, Mart. 5, 13, 6: homines libertini ordinis, Gell. 5, 19, 12.
    Hence,
  2. II. Subst.
    1. A. lībertīnus, i, m., a freedman (in reference to his status in society or the state; whereas a freedman was called libertus in reference to the manumitter): qui servus est, si manumittatur, fit libertinus, Quint. 5, 10, 60; cf.: servus cum manumittitur, libertinus: addictus recepta libertate ingenuus, id. 7, 3, 27: liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini. Ingenui sunt, qui liberi nati sunt: libertini sunt, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt, Gai. Inst. 1, §§ 10 and 11; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 10: sed ita pars libertinorumst, nisi patrono qui advorsatust, ni illi offecit, etc., id. Pers. 5, 2, 57: Ti. Gracchus libertinos in urbanas tribus transtulit, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Phil. 3, 6 fin.: libertini centuriati, Liv. 10, 21, 4: libertinis detrahenda est auctoritas, Quint. 11, 1, 88: neminem libertinorum adhibitum ab eo cenae, Suet. Aug. 74: primus omnium libertinorum scriberehistoriam orsus, id. Rhet. 3: quae deberetur cuidam libertino, clienti tuo, id. Caes. 2; cf. id. Claud. 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281: unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste, id. ib. 2, 7, 12: libertinis nullo jure uti praetextis licebat, Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.
      1. 2. Transf., the son of a freedman, opp. libertus, the freedman himself (only acc. to a statement of Suetonius and of Isidore; v. the foll.): ignarus, temporibus Appii et deinceps aliquandiu libertinos dictos non ipsos, qui manumitterentur, sed ingenuos ex his procreatos, Suet. Claud. 24: libertorum filii apud antiquos libertini appellabantur, quasi de libertis nati. Nunc vero libertinus aut a liberto factus aut possessus, Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 47: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari jure posse, Mas. Sab. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.
    2. B. lībertīna, ae, f., a freedwoman, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 16: ingenuamne an libertinam? id. ib. 3, 1, 189: amore libertinae perinfamis, Suet. Vit. 2: aulica, id. Oth. 2; Gai. Inst. 3, § 51: tutior merx est Libertinarum, Hor. S. 1, 2, 48: Myrtale, id. C. 1, 33, 15: Phryne, id. Epod. 14, 15: libertinas ducere, Ulp. Fragm. 13, 1: libertinae quae longa veste uterentur, Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.

2. lībertīnus, i, v. 1. libertinus, II. A.

lībertus, a, um, adj. [= liberatus, from libero], made free, set free, only as subst., one made free, a freedman, an emancipated person (so called in reference to the manumitter; cf. libertinus, II., and on the several classes of freedmen, v. Sanders ad Just. Inst. 1, 5, 3).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. līber-tus, i, m.: tibi servire mavelim Multo, quam alii libertus esse, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 47: nec mihi quidem libertus ullus est, id. Curc. 4, 3, 15: feci, e servo ut esses libertus mihi, Ter. And. 1, 1, 10: libertus Cossinii, Cic. Fam. 13, 23: Ciceronis libertus Tiro, Quint. 10, 7, 31: Claudii Caesaris libertus, id. 6, 3, 81: servos nostros libertos suos fecisset, Cic. Mil. 33, 90; Suet. Claud. 27; Cic. Fam. 13, 21, 2; id. Sest. 35, 76: patrono in libertum manus injectio sit, Quint. 7, 7, 9; cf. id. 11, 1, 66.
    2. B. In fem.: lī-berta, ae (dat. and abl. libertis, Tac. A. 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 4, 2), a freedwoman: jam libertā auctus es? Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 15: tua, id. ib. 4, 8, 7: mea, id. Ep. 3, 4, 29: matris meae liberta, Suet. Claud. 40: Anto niae liberta, id. Vesp. 3: si neque ipsa patrona neque liberta capite deminuta sit, Gai. Inst. 3, § 51: libertis libertabusque meis, Dig. 50, 16, 105; so esp. freq. in inscriptions: LIBERTIS LIBERTABVSQVE POSTERISQVE EORVM, etc., Inscr. Orell. 3006; 3026 sq.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a freedman, without reference to the manumitter; for the usual libertinus (only in late Lat.): de libertis et eorum liberis, Cod. Just. 6, 7 (for which: de libertinis, Just. Inst. 1, 5; Cod. Just. 10, 56).

lĭbet or lŭbet, libuit (lub-) and libitum (lub-) est (in Cic. perh. only in the latter form), 2, v. n. and impers. (libeo, es, etc., as a personal verb acc. to Caper ap. Prisc. p. 922 P.) [Sanscr. root lubh, cupere, desiderare; Gr. root λιφ- in λίπτω, λιψ; cf. Goth. liub-s; Germ. lieb, dear; Lat. līber], it pleases, is pleasing, is agreeable: mihi, I am disposed, I like, I please, I will.
Constr. with nom. of a demonstr. or rel. pronoun, with inf. or a subject-clause as subject, or impers. without a subject, and with or without a dat.

        1. (α) Id (quod) libet (mihi): quod tibi lubet, idem mihi lubet, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 138: facite, quod vobis lubet, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34: cui facile persuasi, mihi id, quod rogaret, ne licere quidem, non modo non libere, Cic. Att. 14, 19, 4; cf.: sin et poterit Naevius id quod libet et ei libebit quod non licet, quid agendum est? id. Quint. 30, 94: quodcumque homini accidit libere, posse retur, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 17: ubi peregre, tibi quod libitum fuit, feceris, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 77.
          Once in plur.: cetera item, quae cuique libuissent, dilargitus est, Suet. Caes. 20.
          Without a dat.: rogita quod lubet, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 31: faciat quod lubet, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 55: nihil vident, nisi quod lubet, id. ib. 4, 1, 30: si quid lubet, id. Phorm. 5, 7, 88: quae (senectus) efficeret, ut id non liberet quod non oporteret, Cic. de Sen. 12, 42: illa priorum scribendi, quodcumque animo flagrante liberet, simplicitas, Juv. 1, 152.
        2. (β) With inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat.: concedere aliquantisper hinc mihi intro lubet, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 158: mihi lubet nunc venire Pseudolum, id. ib. 4, 5, 3; Ter. And. 5, 5, 2: Qui lubitumst illi condormiscere? Lu. Oculis, opinor, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 13: non libet mihi deplorare vitam, Cic. de Sen. 23, 84: quarum (orationum) alteram non libebat mihi scribere, id. Att. 2, 7, 1: de quo genere libitum est mihi paulo plura dicere, id. de Or. 2, 85, 348; id. Leg. 2, 27, 69; Ter. And. 1, 5, 28.
          Without a dat.: cum illuc ventum est, ire illinc lubet, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 258 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 5, 21: de C. Gracchi tribunatu quid exspectem non libet augurari, Cic. Lael. 12, 41: qui in foro, quicum colloqui libeat, non habeant, id. Rep. 1, 17, 28: incoharo haec studia, vel non vacabit, vel non libebit, Quint. 1, 12, 12; 10, 1, 13; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 4: ultra Sauromatas fugere hinc libet, Juv. 2, 1: libet expectare quis impendat, etc., I should like to see who, etc., id. 12, 95.
        3. (γ) Absol., with or without a dat.: ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10: ubiquomque libitum erit animo meo, id. As. 1, 1, 97: adi, si libet, id. Pers. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45; Ter. And. 1, 3, 8: age, age, ut libet, id. ib. 2, 1, 10: ut libet, as an expression of assent, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 16; 4, 5, 32; 5, 1, 61; id. Ad. 2, 2, 38: Ch. Quid in urbe reptas villice? Ol. Lubet, Plaut. Cas. 1, 11; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 79: Pe. Qua fiducia aususdicere? Ep. Libuit, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 33; cf. id. Ps. 1, 3, 114.
          Hence,
    1. 1. lĭbens (lŭbens; LIBES, Inscr. R. N. 2598 Mommsen), entis, P. a., that does a thing willingly or with readiness, willing, with good will, with pleasure (class.).
  1. A. Lit.
    1. 1. In gen.: studen hercle audire, nam ted ausculto lubens, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 108: Ph. Complectere. An Facio lubens, id. As. 3, 3, 25: ego illud vero illud feci, ac lubens, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 43; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15; id. And. 2, 1, 37: cum totius Italiae concursus facti illius gloriam libens agnovisset, Cic. Mil. 14, 38.
      Freq. (esp. in Cic.; Cæs. and Quint. do not use libens as an adj. at all) in the abl. absol.: me, te, etc., and animo libente or libenti, with pleasure, gladly, very willingly: edepol me lubente facies, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 218: me libente eripies mihi hunc errorem, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 6; id. de Or. 2, 73, 295: libente me vero, id. Rep. 1, 9 fin. Mos. N. cr.: quae (res nostrae) tam libenti senatu laudarentur, id. Att. 1, 14, 3: cum Musis nos delectabimus animo aequo, immo vero etiam gaudenti ac libenti, id. ib. 2, 4, 2.
      Sup.: cunctae praefecturae libentissimis animis eum recipiunt, Caes. B. C. 1, 15, 1: illam porticum redemptores statim sunt demoliti libentissimis omnibus, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5: libentissimis Graecis, id. Fam. 13, 65, 1: lubentissimo corde atque animo, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 22: fecit animo libentissimo populus Romanus, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 25.
    2. 2. In partic.: libens or libens merito (abbreviated L. M.), a formula used in paying a vow: Jovi lubens meritoque vitulor, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1: EX VOTO L. M., Inscr. Orell. 1412: V. S. L. M., i. e. votum solvit libens merito, or V. L. S., i. e. votum libens solvit, very freq. in inscriptions.
  2. B. Transf., glad, happy, joyful, cheerful, merry (ante-class.): uti ego illos lubentiores faciam, quam Lubentia’st, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 2: ego omnes hilaros, lubentes, laetificantes faciam ut fiant, id. Pers. 5, 1, 8: hilarum ac lubentem fac te in gnati nuptiis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 38.
    Hence, adv.: lĭbenter or lŭbenter, willingly, cheerfully, gladly, with pleasure, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 15, 12 (Trag. v. 379 ib.): cenare lubenter, Cato, R. R. 156: ecastor frigida non lavi magis lubenter, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 1: ut homines te libenter studioseque audiant, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 12, 39; id. Rep. 1, 18, 30: libenter verbo utor Catonis, id. ib. 2, 1, 3; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Rep. 2, 38, 64: ego tuas litteras legi libenter, id. Fam. 3, 5, 1; id. Att. 2, 1, 1: libenter homines id, quod volunt, credunt, Caes. B. G. 3, 18.
    Comp.: ille adjurans, nusquam se umquam libentius (cenavisse), with a better appetite, Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1; id. Lael. 19, 68: nihil libentius audiunt, Quint. 7, 1, 63; 8, 2, 11: nil umquam hac carne libentius edit, Juv. 15, 88.
    Sup.: cui ego quibuscumque rebus potero libentissime commodabo, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 275, 18: cum lubentissime edis, Favorin. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2: libentissime dare, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63; id. Leg. 2, 1, 1; Sen. Ep. 30, 9.
    Hence also,
    1. 2. lĭbĭtus, a, um, P. a.; only plur. as subst.: lĭbĭta, ōrum, n., lit., the things that please, one’s pleasure, will, liking, humor (Tacitean): sua libita exercebant, Tac. A. 6, 1: ad libita Caesarum, id. ib. 12, 6: ad libita Pallantis, id. ib. 14, 2.

Lībēthra, ae, f. (or ōrum, n.; Lībē-thros or -us, i, m., Serv. Verg. E. 7, 21), = Λείβηθρα,

  1. I. a fountain near Magnesia, in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses, Mel. 2, 3, 2; Plin. 4, 9, 16, § 32.
    Hence,
  2. II. Lībēthris, ĭdis, f., = Λειβηθρίς, Libethrian: fons, Mart. Cap. 6, § 654.
    Plur. subst.: Lībēthrĭ-dĕs, the Muses: nymphae Libethrides, Verg. E. 7, 21.

Lībēthrum, i, n., = Λείβηθρον, a city of Macedonia, near the fountain of Libethra, Liv. 44, 5, 12.

Libĭci, ōrum, m., a people of Gallia Transpadana, Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124; perh. identical with the Libui, v. Liv. 5, 35; 21, 38; 33, 37.

lĭbīdĭnĭtas (lŭbīd-), ātis, f. [libido], desire, Laber. ap. Non. 491, 5.

lĭbīdĭnor (lŭbīd-), āri, v. dep. [id], to indulge or gratify lust (post-Aug.): cum libidinatur, Mart. 7, 67, 13: inceste libidinari, Suet. Ner. 28 fin.: abeunt libidinatum ad filias Moab, Tert. ad Gnost. 3; Petr. 138, 7.

lĭbīdĭnōsē, adv., v. libidinosus fin.

lĭbīdĭnōsus (lŭbīd-), a, um, adj. [libido], full of desire, passion, or lust, selfwilled, licentious, sensual, lustful, voluptuous, libidinous.

  1. I. Lit. (in a bad sense), Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. 491, 16 (Rep. 2, 41, 68 Mos.): homo libidinosissimus, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192: nihil (isto) luxuriosius, nihil libidinosius, id. Pis. 27, 66: libidinosior es quam ullus spado, Quint. 6, 3, 64: caper, lecherous, Hor. Epod. 10, 23.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things: libidinosissimae liberationes, arbitrary, self-willed, Cic. Pis. 36, 87: libidinosae voluptates, id. Fin. 1, 18, 59: libidinosa et intemperans adulescentia, id. de Sen. 9, 29: fortuna varia et libidinosa, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 10: pretia, extravagant, Col. 10 praef. § 2: libidinosam liberalitatem debiti nomine colorare, Val. Max. 8, 2, 2.
    Of speech, licentious, wanton: eloquentia, Quint. 5, 12, 20.
  2. II. In a good sense, eager, longing for a thing (post-class.): libidinosus eloquentiae et gloriae, Tert. Apol. 48; id. Virg. Vel. 13: suae sapientiae, id. Res. Carn. 32.
    Hence, adv.: lĭbīdĭ-nōsē, according to one’s pleasure or caprice, wilfully, wantonly: quae ille libidinose, quae nefarie, quae crudeliter fecerit, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 12, 38: ne quid libidinose aut facias aut cogites, id. Off. 1, 4, 14; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63: libidinose crudeliterque consulere in aliquem, Liv. 3, 63.
    Comp.: libidinosius saevire, Tert. Monog. 16 fin.

lĭbīdo or lŭbīdo, ĭnis, f. [libet], pleasure, desire, eagerness, longing, fancy, inclination (cf.: appetitio, optatio, cupiditas, cupido, studium).

  1. I. In gen.: ubilubido veniet nauseae, Cato, R. R. 156, 4; Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 26; Lucr. 4, 779: ex bonis (perturbationibus) libidinem et laetitiam, ut sit laetitia praesentium bonorum, libido futurorum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 11: ipsa iracundia libidinis est pars: sic enim definitur iracundia, ulciscendi libido, id. ib. 3, 5, 11; id. Fin. 3, 9, 32: non omnibus delendi urbem libido erat, Liv. 5, 42: juventus magis in decoris armis et militaribus equis quam in scortis atque conviviis libidinem habebat, delighted in, Sall. C. 7: tanta libido cum Mario eundi plerosque invaserat, id. J. 84; id. ib. 86: tanta libidine vulgi auditur, Juv. 7, 85: rarus sermo illis, et magna libido tacendi, id. 2, 14: urinae lacessit, Gell. 19, 4: est lubido with inf. ( = libet, ante-class.): est lubido orationem audire, Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 25; 4, 2, 23: est lubido homini suo animo opsequi, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 11; id. Men. 1, 1, 7; id. Ep. 2, 2, 56 al.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Unlawful or inordinate desire, passion, caprice, wilfulness, wantonness: ingenium est omnium hominum ab labore proclive ad libidinem, Ter. And. 1, 1, 51: ad libidinem suam vexare aliquem, Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 141: fortuna res cunctas ex lubidine magis, quam ex vero celebrat obscuratque, arbitrarily, according to pleasure or caprice, Sall. C. 8: quod positum est in alterius voluntate, ne dicam libidine, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 3: ad libidinem aliorum judicare, id. Font. 12, 26; id. Fin. 1, 6, 19: instruitur acies ad libidinem militum, Liv. 25, 21.
    2. B. Sensual desire, lust (the usual meaning in plur.): procreandi, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53: libidinis ministri, id. Lael. 10, 35: commiscendorum corporum mirae libidines, id. N. D. 2, 51, 128: qui voluptatum libidine feruntur, id. Tusc. 3, 2, 4: qui feruntur libidine, id. ib. 3, 5, 11: libidine accendi, Sall. C. 28: mala libido Lucretiae per vim stuprandae, Liv. 1, 57; Suet. Aug. 69; id. Galb. 22; Col. 8, 11, 6: eadem summis pariter minimisque libido, Juv. 6, 349: saltante libidine, i. e. passion goading on, id. 6, 318.
      Esp., of unnatural lust, Suet. Aug. 71; Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 13.
      Of unbridled indulgence: vinulentiam ac libidines, grata barbaris, usurpans, Tac. A. 11, 16.
      Hence,
      1. 2. Transf. (abstr. pro concreto): libidines, voluptuous or obscene representations in painting and sculpture, Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31: in poculis libidines caelare juvit, Plin. 33 praef. § 4: pinxit et libidines, id. 35, 10, 36, § 72.

lĭbĭta, ōrum, n., v. libet fin. 2.

Lĭbĭtīna, ae, f. [libet, līber], the goddess of corpses, in whose temple everything pertaining to burials was sold or hired out, and where the registers of deaths were kept.

  1. I. Lit.: triginta funerum milia in rationem Libitinae venerunt, were registered, Suet. Ner. 39.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. The requisites for burial, the apparatus of funerals: pestilentia tanta erat ut Libitina vix sufficeret, i. e. it was hardly possible to bury all the dead, Liv. 40, 19, 3: ne liberorum quidem funeribus Libitina sufficiebat, id. 41, 21, 6.
      1. 2. Esp., a bier, a funeral pile: dum levis arsura struitur libitina papyro, Mart. 10, 97; Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 45.
      2. 3. The undertaker’s business, the disposal of corpses: Libitinam exercere, Val. Max. 5, 2, 10.
    2. B. Death (poet.): multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinam, Hor. C. 3, 30, 6; cf. id. S. 2, 6, 19: Libitinam evadere, Juv. 14, 122; Phaedr. 4, 18 fin.

lĭbĭtīnārĭus, ii, m. [Libitina], an undertaker (post-Aug.): designatores et libitinarii, Sen. Ben. 6, 38; cf.: si libitinarius, quos Graece νεκροθάπτας vocant, etc., Dig. 14, 3, 5, § 8.

Lĭbĭtīnensis, e, adj. [Libitina], of Libitina: porta, the gate at which the bodies of slain gladiators were carried out, Lampr. Commod. 16, 7.

lĭbĭtus, a, um, Part., from libet.

1. lībo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [root λιβ-, λειβω, λοιβή; cf. Līber, delibutus, etc.], to take a little from any thing.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: libare gramina dentibus, to crop, Calp. Ecl. 5, 51.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To take a taste of a thing, to taste: jecur, Liv. 25, 16: pocula Bacchi, Verg. A. 3, 354: flumina libant Summa leves, to sip, id. G. 4, 54.
        1. b. Poet., to touch a thing: cibos digitis, Ov. A. A. 1, 577: summam celeri pede libat harenam, id. M. 10, 653: cellulae limen, Petr. 136: oscula alicujus, to kiss, Verg. A. 1, 256.
      2. 2. To pour out in honor of a deity, to make a libation of any thing: duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho, Verg. A. 5, 77: carchesia patri, Val. Fl. 5, 274: Oceano libemus, Verg. G. 4, 381: in mensam laticum libavit honorem, id. A. 1, 740: pateris altaria libant, sprinkle, id. ib. 12, 174: sepulcrum mei Tlepolemi tuo luminum cruore libabo, App. M. 8, p. 206 fin.
        1. b. To pour out or forth: rorem in tempora nati, Val. Fl. 4, 15.
      3. 3. To pour out as an offering, to offer, dedicate, consecrate: certasque fruges certasque bacas sacerdotes publice libanto, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: diis dapes, Liv. 39, 43: uvam, Tib. 1, 11, 21: frugem Cereri, Ov. M. 8, 274: noluit bibere, sed libavit eam (aquam) Domino, Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 16.
        Absol., to offer libations: libant diis alienis, Vulg. Jer. 7, 18: Domino, id. 2 Reg. 23, 16: cum solemni die Jovi libaretur, Gell. 12, 8, 2.
        So poet.: carmen aris, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 8: Celso lacrimas libamus adempto, Ov. P. 1, 9, 41.
      4. 4. To lessen, diminish, impair by taking away: ergo terra tibi libatur et aucta recrescit, Lucr. 5, 260; id. 5, 568: virginitatem, Ov. H. 2, 115: vires, Liv. 21, 29.
  2. II. Trop., to take out, cull, extract from any thing (rare but class.): ex variis ingeniis excellentissima quaeque libavimus, Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 4; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 29, 82: qui tuo nomini velis ex aliorum laboribus libare laudem, Auct. Her. 4, 3, 5: libandus est etiam ex omni genere urbanitatis facetiarum quidem lepos, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 159: a qua (natura deorum) haustos animos et libatos habemus, id. Div. 1, 49, 110: unde (i. e. ex divinitate) omnes animos haustos, aut acceptos, aut libatos haberemus, id. ib. 2, 11, 26: neque ea, ut sua, possedisse, sed ut aliena libāsse. id. de Or. 1, 50, 218.
    1. B. To learn something of, acquire superficially: sed eum (informamus) qui quasdam artes haurire, omnes libare debet, Tac. Dial. 31 fin.

2. Lĭbo, ōnis, m., a Roman surname in the gens Marcia and Scribonia, Cic. Att. 12, 5, 3; id. Brut. 23, 89; id. de Or. 2, 65, 263; id. Ac. 1, 1, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.

lĭbŏnŏtus or -tos, i, m., = λιβόνοτος, a wind between south and south-west, pure Lat. austro-africus, Vitr. 1, 6, 10; Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 6 Fick. (dub.; Haase, leuconotus); Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 120; Isid. 13, 11, 7.

lībra, ae, f. [cf. λίτρα; root cli-, clino], the Roman pound, of twelve ounces: as erat libra pondus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 Müll.: coronam auream libram pondo ex publica pecunia in Capitolio Iovi donum posuit, Liv. 4, 20: mulli binas libras ponderis raro exsuperant, Plin. 9, 17, 30, § 64: expende Hannibalem, quot libras in duce summo invenies? Juv. 10, 147: neque argenti in convivio plus pondo quam libras centum inlaturos, Gell. 2, 24, 2: dipondii pondo duas erant libras, Gai. Inst. 1, 122.

  • II. Transf.
    1. A. A measure for liquids: frumenti denos modios et totidem olei libras, Suet. Caes. 38.
  • B.
    1. 1. A balance, pair of scales: cum in alteram librae lancem animi bona imponebat, in alteram corporis, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 51; cf. id. Fin. 5, 30, 91.
      1. 2. A water-poise, plummet-level, level, line: sin autem locuspari libra cum aequore maris est, Col. 8, 17, 4: libratur autem dioptris aut libris aquariis aut chorobate, Vitr. 8, 6, 1.
        Hence, ad libram: alteram navem pluribus aggressus navibus in quibus ad libram fecerat turres, of equal height or of equal weight, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 1.
      2. 3. Counterpoise, balance: contra flatus quoque pervicax libra Bononiensibus calamis, Plin. 16, 36, 65, § 161: aes et libra, v. aes.
      3. 4. The constellation Libra, The Balance, Verg. G. 1, 208; Ov. F. 4, 386; Plin. 18, 25, 59, § 221: felix aequato genitus sub pondere Librae, Manil. 4, 545.
      4. 5. Trop., a balance (poet.), Pers. 4, 10: animi cunctantis libra, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 75.

    lībrālis, e, adj. [libra], of or containing a pound, of a pound weight: pondus, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 34: offae, Col. 6, 2, 7: veluti asses librales erant, Gai. Inst. 1, 122.

  • lībrāmen, ĭnis, n. [libro], a balance, poise (late Lat.).
    Trop.: judicii, Claud. Mam. Stat. Anim. 3, 13.

    lībrāmentum, i, n. [libro], that which gives to any thing a downward pressure; weight, gravity.

    1. I. Lit.: plumbi, Liv. 42, 63, 4.
      1. B. A fall, descent of water: libramentum aquae, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57: quod libramentum cum exinanitum est, suscitat et elicit fontem, cum repletum, moratur et strangulat, of a spring that alternately rises and falls, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 10: inferiore labro demisso ad libramentum modicae aquae receptae in fauces, palpitante ibi lingua ululatus elicitur, of the croaking of frogs, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173.
    2. II. Transf.
      1. A. A level surface, horizontal plane: extremitatem et quasi libramentum, in quo nulla omnino crassitudo sit, * Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 116: sub eodem libramento stare, Sen. Q. N. 1, 12, 1: usque ad libramentum summi fornicis, Ael. Gall. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 206 Müll.
      2. B. Evenness, equality: ventorum hiemalium et aestivorum, Col. 1, 5, 8
      3. C. A straight line: si recto libramento inter solem terrasque media (luna) successit, Sen. Ben. 5, 6, 4: libramentum finale, a boundary line, Amm. 15, 4, 4.
      4. D. A weight for balancing or giving motive power (ballista): ferrea manus cum injecta prorae esset, gravique libramento plumbi recelleret ad solum, Liv. 24, 34, 10: arietem admotum nunc saxis ingentibus nunc libramento plumbi gravatum ad terram urguebant, id. 42, 63, 4 Weissenb.: late cladem intulisset, ni duo milites vincla ac libramenta tormento abscidissent, Tac. H. 3, 23.

    lĭbrārĭa, ae, f., v. 1. librarius, II., and 2. librarius, II. B.

    lĭbrārĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [2. librarius], a copyist, transcriber; a scribe, secretary, Cic. Att. 4, 4, 6; id. Balb. 6, 14: ex librariolis Latinis, id. Leg. 1, 2, 7.

    lĭbrārĭum, v. 2. librarius, II. C.

    1. lībrārĭus, a, um, adj. [libra].

    1. I. Of or containing a pound, of a pound weight (post-Aug.): frusta, Col. 12, 53, 4: as, Gell. 20, 1, 31.
    2. II. Subst.
      1. A. lībrārĭus, ii, m., a weight, the sixteenth part of a modius, = sextarius: sextarius aequus aequo cum librario siet, sexdecimque librarii in modio sient, Plebisc. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 246 Müll.
      2. B. lībrārĭa, ae, f., she that weighed out the wool to the female slaves, a forewoman, head-spinner, called also lanipendia, Juv. 6, 475 (by others referred to 2. librarius); Inscr. Orell. 4212.

    2. lĭbrārĭus, a, um, adj. [3. liber],

    1. I. of or belonging to books: scriba librarius, a copyist, transcriber of books, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 32: libraria taberna, a bookseller’s shop, Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 21: scriptor, a transcriber of books, Hor. A. P. 354: atramentum, ink for writing books, Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 52.
      Hence,
    2. II. Subst.
      1. A. lĭ-brārĭus, i, m.
        1. 1. A transcriber of books, a copyist, scribe, secretary, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13: librum ut tuis librariis daret, id. Att. 12, 40, 1: librarii mendum, Liv. 38, 55, 8: legionis, the secretary of the legion, Inscr. ap. Grut. 365, 1; cf. Sen. Contr. 1, 7, 18; Juv. 9, 109.
        2. 2. A bookseller, Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1; Gell. 5, 4, 2; 18, 4, 1; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 23, 4.
        3. 3. (Sc. doctor.) An elementary teacher, Hier. Ep. 107, 4.
      2. B. lĭbrārĭa, ae, f.
        1. 1. A female scribe: (Parcae) utpote librariae Superum archivumque custodes, Mart. Cap. 1, § 65 (perh. also Juv. 6, 476; cf. sub 1. librarius).
        2. 2. A bookseller’s shop; in libraria, ego et Julius Paulus poëta consederamus, Gell. 5, 4, 1: quispiam in libraria sedens, id. 13, 30, 1.
      3. C. lĭbrārĭum, ii, n., a place to keep books in, a bookcase, bookchest: exhibe librarium illud legum vestrarum, Cic. Mil. 12, 33: libraria omnia exurerent, Amm. 29, 2, 4.

    lībrātē, adv., v. libro, P. a. fin.

    lībrātĭo, ōnis, f. [libro].

    1. I. A making level, levelling: fortasse qui Archimedis libros legit, dicet non posse fieri veram ex aqua librationem, Vitr. 8, 6, 3.
    2. II. A horizontal position, level: circa terrae librationem, Vitr. 6, 1, 5.
    3. III. A hurling off, hurling, slinging, Diom. p. 473 P.

    lībrātor, ōris, m. [libro].

    1. I. A leveller, esp. by means of a water-level, a surveyor, Cato, R. R. 22, 1; Front. Aquaed. 105: superest ut tu libratorem vel architectum mittas, qui diligenter exploret, sitne lacus altior mari, Plin. Ep. 10, 50, 3.
    2. II. One who throws or hurls weapons by hand (cf. funditor, a slinger): funditores libratoresque excutere tela et proturbare hostem jubet, Tac. A. 2, 20: libratoribus funditoribusque attributus locus, id. ib. 13, 39; Inscr. ap. Kellerm. Vigil. p. 55, n. 127.

    lībrātūra, ae, f. [libro], a making even: cutis, Veg. 2, 22, 3.

    lībrātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from libro.

    * lĭbrĭger, gĕri, m. [4. liber-gero], one who carries books, a book-carrier, colporteur, Paul. Nol. Ep. 28, 4.

    lībrīle, is, v. the foll. art.

    lībrīlis, e, adj. [libra].

    1. I. Of a pound, weighing a pound: tunica, Vop. Bonos. 15, 8: fundis librilibus sudibusque, Gallos proterrent, throwing stones of a pound each, Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 4.
    2. II. Of or pertaining to weighing.
      Hence, subst.: lībrīle, is, n.
      1. A. A balance, pair of scales: in librili perpendere, Gell. 20, 1, 34.
      2. B. A scale-beam: librile scapus librae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.

    librilla appellantur instrumenta bellica saxa scilicet ad bracchii crassitudinem in modum flagellorum loris revincta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Scalig. prefers to read ‡ librilia; v. librilis, I.).

    lībrĭpens, pendis, m. [libra-pendo].

    1. I. One who weighed or counted out the pay to soldiers, a paymaster, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43: impubes libripens esse non potest, Ael. ap. Prisc. 892 P.
    2. II. One who held the balance, as if to weigh out money, at nominal sales: adhibitis non minus quam V. testibus civibus Romanis puberibus, item libripende, Gai. Inst. 1, § 113; Ulp. Fragm. 19, 3; cf. Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43.

    lībro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [libra].

    1. I. To balance, make even, level, to determine a level: aquam, to level water, i. e. to ascertain the fall of water by means of a level, Vitr. 8, 6, 3: collocationem libratam indicare, id 8, 6, 1.
      Pass. impers.: libratur autem dioptris, Vitr. 8, 6, 1.
      1. B. Transf., to make even or level: pavimenta, Cato, R. R. 18, 7.
    2. II. To hold in equilibrium, to poise, balance: terra librata ponderibus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69: columnarum turbines ita librati perpenderunt, ut puero circumagente tornarentur, Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 91: librati pondera caeli orbe tene medio, Luc. 1, 58.
      1. B. To cause to hang or swing, to keep suspended, keep in its place: vela cadunt primo et dubia librantur ab aura, are waved to and fro, Ov. F. 3, 585: et fluctus supra, vento librante, pependit, Sil. 17, 274: aëris vi suspensam librari medio spatio tellurem, Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.
      2. C. To cause to swing, to swing, sway, brandish, set in motion, hurl, dash, cast, launch, fling, throw: summā telum librabat ab aure, Verg. A. 9, 417: ferro praefixum robur, id. ib. 10, 479: caestus, id. ib. 5, 478: tum librat ab aure intorquens jaculum, Sil. 5, 576: dextra libratum fulmen ab aure misit, Ov. M. 2, 311; 5, 624; 7, 787; Luc. 3, 433: librata cum sederit glans, Liv. 38, 29: librare se, to balance or poise one’s self, to fly: cursum in aëre, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 11: saepe lapillos Tollunt; his sese per inania nubila librant, Verg. G. 4, 196: haliaeetos librans ex alto sese, Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 8: corpus in herba, to stretch one’s self out on the grass, Ov. F. 1, 429: incidentis manus libratur artifici temperamento, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 115: librare iter, to take one’s way, Sen. Oed. 899.
    3. III. Trop.
      1. A. To make of even weight, to balance, make equal (poet.): orbem horis, Col. 10, 42: crimina in antithetis, Pers. 1, 85.
      2. B. To weigh, ponder, consider (poet. and in post-class. prose): librabat metus, Stat. Th. 9, 165: quae omnia meritorum momenta perpendit, librat, examinat, Naz. Pan. ad Const. 7: praescriptiones, Cod. Th. 8, 4, 26.
        Hence, lībrātus, a, um, P. a.
      1. A. Level, horizontal: aquam non esse libratam, sed sphaeroides habere schema, Vitr. 8, 6.
      2. B. Poised, balanced, swung, hurled, launched; forcible, powerful: librata cum sederit (glans), Liv. 38, 29: librato magis et certo ictu, violent, powerful, Tac. H. 2, 22: malleus dextra libratus ab aure, Ov. M. 2, 624: per nubes aquila librata volatu, Sil. 15, 429.
        Comp.: libratior ictus, Liv. 30, 10; cf. id. 42, 65.
        Hence, * adv.: lībrātē, deliberately: aliquid eligere, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 713.

    Libs (Lips), ĭbis, adj., = Λίψ,

    1. I. Libyan; subst., a Libyan; of Antæus, Sid. Carm. 9, 94.
    2. II. The west-south-west wind: ab occasu brumali Africus: Noton et Liba nominant, Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119: velivolique maris constrator leuconotos libs, Aus. Technopaegn. de Deis, 12.
      Form Lips: Africus furibundus apud Graecos Lips dicitur, Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 5; cf. Suet. Fragm. § 151 (p. 231 Reiffersch.).

    Lĭbŭi, ōrum, m., a people of Gallia Transpadana, Liv. 5, 35; 21, 38; 33, 37; perh. identical with Libici, Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.

    lībum (lībus, m., Nigid. ap. Non. 211, 31), i, n. [libo; cf. Varr. L. L. 4, 22], a cake, pancake of meal, made with milk or oil, and spread with honey, Cato, R. R. 75: rustica liba, Ov. F. 3, 670: adorea liba per herbam Subiciunt epulis, Verg. A. 7, 109; Ov. F. 3, 761: plena domus libis venalibus, Juv. 3, 187.
    Often used in offerings to the gods: liba absoluta esse et rem divinam paratam, Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 1: suum Baccho dicemus honorem, … et liba feremus, Verg. G. 2, 394; Tib. 1, 7, 54; 1, 10, 23; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 10: melle pater (Bacchus) fruitur, liboque infusa calenti Jure repertori candida mella damus, Ov. F. 3, 761: haec te liba, Priape, quot annis Exspectare sat est, Verg. E. 7, 33. It was customary to offer a cake to the gods on one’s birthday, Juv. 16, 38.
    Hence, quinquagesima liba, a cake offered to the gods on one’s fiftieth birthday, Mart. 10, 24, 4.
    In masc.: faciat libos quatuor, Nigid. ap. Non. 211, 31.

    Lĭburni, ōrum, m.,

    1. I. the Liburnians, an Illyrian people, between Istria and Dalmatia, in the mod. Croatia, Mel. 2, 3, 12 and 13; Liv. 10, 2: regna Liburnorum, Verg. A. 1, 244.
      In sing.: Lĭburnus, i, m., a Liburnian; esp., a Liburnian slave, such as were used in Rome as sedan-bearers, Juv. 3, 239; 4, 75.
    2. II. Hence,
      1. A. Lĭburnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Liburnians, Liburnian: terrae, Luc. 8, 38: rostra, Liburnian ships, Prop. 3, 9 (4, 10), 44.
        Hence,
        1. 2. Subst.: Lĭburna, ae, f., a light, fast-sailing vessel, a Liburnian galley, a brigantine, Caes. B. C. 3, 9; Hor. C. 1, 37, 30; id. Epod. 1, 1; Sil. 13, 240; Luc. 3, 534; Tac. G. 9.
      2. B. Lĭbur-nĭa, ae, f., the country of Liburnia, Plin. 3, 22, 26, § 141; 8, 48, 73, § 191.
    3. III. Lĭ-burnĭcus, a, um, adj., Liburnic, Liburnian: Liburnicae insulae, Plin. 3, 25, 30, § 152: oleum, Pall. 12, 18.
      Hence,
        1. 2. Subst.: Lĭburnĭca, ae, f., like Liburna, a fast-sailing vessel, a brigantine: parte Liburnicarum demersa, Suet. Aug. 17; id. Calig. 37; Plin. 10, 23, 32, § 63.

    1. Lĭburnus, a, um, v. Liburni, I.

    2. Lĭburnus, i, m. [libet], the god of lustful enjoyment, Arn. 4, 9.

    lībus, i, v. libum init.

    Lĭbya (Lĭbŭa, Plaut. Curc. 3, 76), ae, and Lĭbyē, ēs, f., = Λιβύη,

    1. I. Libya, Plin. 5, 6, 6, § 39; Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101: Graecus Aristippus, qui servos proicere aurum In media jussit Libya, Hor. S. 2, 3, 100.
      1. B. Transf., Africa.
        Form Libya: munduspremitur Libyae devexus in Austros. Verg. G. 1, 240; Juv. 11, 25.
        Form Libye: Libye torretur, Sil. 1, 194: tibi habe frumentum, O Libye, dum tubera mittas, Juv. 5, 119.
    2. II. Hence,
      1. A. Lĭbycus, a, um, adj., = Λιβυκός, of Libya, Libyan: fines, Verg. A. 1, 339: cursus, id. ib. 6, 338: gentes, id. ib. 4, 320: lapilli, Numidian marble, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 19: Libyca succensae lampade Cannae, the funeral pile on which Hannibal, after the battle of Cannæ, caused the bodies of the slaughtered Romans to be burned, Luc. 7, 880: orbes, a table-top of citrus, Mart. 2, 43, 9: Libycus campus in agro Argeo (i. e. Argivo) appellatus, quod in eo primum fruges ex Libya allatae sunt. Quam ob causam etiam Ceres ab Argeis Libyssa vocata est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.
        Plur. subst.: Lĭbyci, ōrum, m., the Libyans, Macr. S. 1, 17.
        1. 2. Transf., African, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 16: mare Libycum, the Egyptian Sea, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1: fera, the lion, Ov. F. 5, 178: arenae, id. M. 4, 616: axis, the African sky, Afríca, Sen. Herc. Oet. 908: uvae, Col. 3, 2: crines, frizzly, woolly hair, Luc. 10, 129: pestes, i. e. snakes, id. 9, 805.
      2. B. Lĭbys, yos and ys, and Libs, ĭbis, adj., = Λίβυς, Líbyan: Libys lectulus, of citrus, Verg. Cir. 440: mons, Stat. S. 4, 2, 27.
        Subst.
        1. 1. Form Lĭbys, yos, m., a Libyan: Africam initio habuere Gaetuli et Libyes, Sall. J. 18 init.: Cancro (subditus) Libys, Sen. Herc. Oet. 24.
        2. 2. Form Libs.
            1. (α) A Libyan, Sid. Carm. 9, 94.
            2. (β) = Africus (sc. ventus), the south-west wind (acc. Liba), Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119.
      3. C. Lĭbyssus, a, um, adj., Libyan: Libyssa arena, Cat. 7, 3: gens, Sil. 8, 206: ficus, Col. 10, 418: Libyssa Ceres, a surname of Ceres among the Argives, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 (v. the passage under Libycus).
      4. D. Lĭbystīnus, a, um, adj., = Λιβυστῖνος, Libyan: montes Libystini, Cat. 60, 1: Apollo, a name given to Apollo by the Sicilians, because he had delivered them by a pestilence from an attack of the Carthaginians, Macr. S. 1, 17.
      5. E. Lĭby-stis, ĭdis, f., = Λιβυστίς, Libyan: Libystis ursa, Verg. A. 5, 37.
    3. F. Lĭbyus, a, um, adj., Libyan: Libya citrus, Varr. ap. Non. 86, 10: terra, Libya, Tac. A. 2, 60.

    Lĭby-aegyptĭi, ōrum, m., a people in the west of Libya interior, Mela, 1, 4, 3; Plin. 5, 8, 8, § 43 (al. Libyes Aegyptii).

    Lĭby-phoenīces, um, m., = Λιβυφοίνικες, Libyphœnicians: a Libyan people in the territory of Byzacium, descended from Phœnicians, Liv. 21, 22, 3; 25, 40, 5; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.

    Lĭbystĭcae fābŭlae, v. Aesopicus.

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