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‡ fircus, i, m., v. hircus init.

firmāmen, ĭnis, n. [firmo], poet. for firmamentum, a prop, support: trunci, Ov. M. 10, 491; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1251.

firmāmentum, i, n. [firmo], a strengthening, support, prop (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense and in Cic.).

  1. I. Lit.: transversaria tigna iniciuntur, quae firmamento esse possint, Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 2: ossa nervique et articuli, firmamenta totius corporis, Sen. de Ira, 2, 1, 2: vincula et firmamenta membrorum, Gell. 13, 22, 9.
    1. B. Transf., the sky fixed above the earth, the firmament (late Lat.), Tert. Bapt. 3; Aug. de Genes. ad lit. 2 et saep.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., a support, prop, stay: eum ordinem, qui exercet vectigalia, firmamentum ceterorum ordinum recte esse dicemus, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 17: firmamentum ac robur totius accusationis, id. Mur. 28, 58; cf.: multo plus firmamenti ac roboris, id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 10: parum firmamenti et parum virium, id. Clu. 2, 5: rei publicae, id. Planc. 9, 23; cf.: imperii populi Romani, id. Phil. 3, 5, 13: stabilitatis constantiaeque fides est, id. Lael. 18, 65: dignitatis, id. Tusc. 4, 3, 7: honor sacerdotii firmamentum, potentiae adsumebatur, Tac. H. 5, 8: si ullum firmamentum in illo teste posuisses, Cic. Fl. 37, 92: legionem ex subsidiis in primam aciem firmamentum ducit, as a support, Liv. 29, 2, 9.
      In plur.: Romulus cum haec egregia duo firmamenta rei publicae peperisset, auspicia et senatum, Cic. Rep. 2, 10.
    2. B. In partic., rhet. t. t., the chief support of an argument, the main point, τὸ συνέχον, Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19; id. Part. 29, 103; Auct. Her. 1, 16, 26; Quint. 3, 11, 1; 9; 12 sq.

Firmāni, ōrum, m., v. Firmum, II.

Firmānus, a, um, v. Firmum, II.

firmātor, ōris, m. [firmo], a confirmer, establisher (post-Aug. and very rare): missus Drusus paci firmator (so acc. to Cod. Med., not pacis), Tac. A. 2, 46: disciplinae militaris, Plin. Ep. 10, 38, 1.

firmē, adv., v. firmus fin.

Firmĭānus, a, um, v. Firmius.

Firmĭcus, i, m., Julius F. Maternus, a Roman mathematician in the time of Constantine the Great, author of a work entitled Matheseos libri octo; cf. Bernhardy, Rom. Lit. pp. 645, 648.

firmĭtas, ātis, f. [firmus], firmness, durability, strength (class.; syn.: constantia, firmitudo, perseverantia).

  1. I. Lit.: ea, quae ille (Epicurus) propter firmitatem στερέμνια appellat, Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 49: age specta, postes cujusmodi! Quanta firmitate facti, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 134: materiae, * Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 1: amphorarum, Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 161: Aegyptii lini, id. 19, 1, 2, § 14: fastigiorum templorum, id. 35, 12, 46, § 158: uvae contra frigora, etc., id. 14, 3, 4, § 40: vini, id. 14, 2, 4, § 21: gladiatoria totius corporis, vigor, Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 63; cf. Quint. 8, 4, 16: corporis, id. 11, 3, 19; 2, 16, 13; Plin. Pan. 4, 7; 15, 1: capitis, lateris pecorisve, Quint. 11, 3, 16; 40: firmitas et vigor vocis, Gell. 2, 3, 4: valetudinis, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42.
    In plur.: pulvis Puteolanus aedificiis praestat firmitates, Vitr. 2, 6.
  2. II. Trop., firmness, steadfastness, stability, endurance, constancy, power: firmitas et constantia, Cic. Fam. 9, 11, 1: animi, id. Sest. 44, 95; id. Att. 12, 38, 3; id. Tusc. 5, 26, 74: sapientis, id. Ac. 2, 20, 66: exercitus numero amplissimus, firmitate exiguus, Planc. in Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3: ut quisque minimum firmitatis haberet minimumque virium, ita amicitias appetere maxime, Cic. Lael. 13, 46; cf.: ea (amicitia) non satis habet firmitatis, id. ib. 5, 19: si aliquid firmitatis nactus sit Antonius, id. Fam. 11, 12, 1: imperii, Suet. Vesp. 7.

firmĭter, adv., v. firmus fin.

firmĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [firmus], firmness, durability, strength (less freq. than firmitas, but class.).

  1. I. Lit.: tanta in eis (navibus) erat firmitudo, Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 8; cf.: tanta erat operis (i. e. pontis) firmitudo, id. ib. 4, 17, 7: vocis, Auct. Her. 3, 11, 20.
  2. II. Trop., firmness, constancy, stability, strength of mind: animi, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54; cf.: quod firmitudinem gravitatemque animi tui perspexi, Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3: quantum esset hominibus praesidii in animi firmitudine, Caes. B. C. 3, 28, 4: animi, Tac. A. 4, 8: in patientia firmitudinem simulans, id. ib. 6, 46 fin.; cf. ib. 15, 62: non quod salus ab isto data quicquam habitura sit firmitudinis, Cic. Att. 11, 14, 2: haec constitutio habet firmitudinem, id. Rep. 1, 45: (translationes) per se minus habeant firmitudinis, id. Inv. 2, 19, 58.

Firmĭus, ii, m., a Roman proper name, e. g. Firmius Catus, Tac. A. 2, 27; 4, 31.
Hence, Firmĭānus, a, um, adj., of Firmius, an unknown silver-worker of that name: Firmiana vasa, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139 (Jan. Furniana).

firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [firmus], to make firm or fast, to strengthen, fortify, support (freq. and class.).

  1. I. Lit.: lacertos, Lucr. 6, 397: corpora juvenum firmari labore voluerunt, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36: corpora cibo, Liv. 27, 13 fin.: vexatos milites quiete, Curt. 9, 10: praegnantes largo pascuo, Col. 6, 27, 10: bitumen aeramentis illinitur firmatque ea contra ignes, Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 182: remedium ad dentium mobilĭs firmandos, id. 21, 31, 105, § 180: aestuaria aggeribus et pontibus, Tac. A. 4, 73: vestigia, Verg. A. 3, 659: gradum, Quint. 9, 4, 129: alvum solutam, to bind, Cels. 1, 3; Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to fortify, strengthen, secure; to make lasting, durable, permanent: (Romulus) urbem auspicato condere, et firmare dicitur primum cogitavisse rem publicam, Cic. Rep. 2, 3; cf.: urbem colonis firmare, id. ib. 2, 18; so, novam civitatem, id. ib. 2, 7: provinciam pace praesidiisque, id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: locum magnis munitionibus, Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3: turres praesidiis, Sall. J. 23, 1: aditum urbis, Verg. A. 11, 466: aciem subsidiis, Liv. 9, 17, 15: latronum opes firmare atque augere, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40; in aliquos imperium, id. Sull. 11, 32: vocem, id. de Or. 3, 61, 227: firmari consuetudine, Quint. 11, 3, 24: quorum (hominum) cum adolescentiae cupiditates defervissent, eximiae virtutes firmata jam aetate exstiterunt, Cic. Cael. 18, 43; cf.: animus adolescentis nondum consilio ac ratione firmatus, id. Clu. 6, 13: firmata stirpe virtutis, id. Cael. 32, 79: pacem amicitiamque, Liv. 9, 3, 10: memoria praecipue firmatur atque alitur exercitatione, Quint. 1, 1, 36; so, memoriam, id. 2, 4, 15: opinio omnium gentium firmata consensu, Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1: non tamen pro firmato stetit magistratus ejus jus, Liv. 4, 7, 3.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To strengthen in resolution, to encourage, animate: cujus adventus Pompeianos compressit nostrosque firmavit, ut, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 65, 2: donec firmaret consilio patres auctor, Hor. C. 3, 5, 46: suos, Just. 2, 11: plebem hinc provocatione, hinc tribunicio auxilio, Liv. 3, 55: cunctos alloquio et cura sibique et proelio, Tac. A. 1, 71: animum exemplis, id. ib. 16, 35: animum praesenti pignore, Verg. A. 3, 611: firmatus animi, Sall. Hist. Fragm. 3, 24, p. 236 ed. Gerl. (ap. Arus. Mess. p. 232 ed. Lindem.).
      2. 2. In fidelity, to make sure of, secure: civitates obsidibus, Hirt. B. G. 8, 27.
      3. 3. to confirm, show, prove; to affirm, assert, declare, promise the correctness or truth of a circumstance, statement, etc. (less freq. than confirmo, affirmo): cum intelligat, quam multa firmentur jure jurando, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16: si vis et natura fati ex divinationis ratione firmabitur, id. Fat. 5, 11: firmatam dare fidem, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 45; so, fidem, Ter. And. 3, 1, 4; id. Hec. 4, 2, 5: vix quidquam firmare ausim, Tac. A. 1, 81; 6, 6; id. H. 2, 9: hoc genus in rebus firmandum est multa prius quam Ipsius rei rationem reddere possis, to prove, Lucr. 6, 917: da augurium, atque haec omina firma, Verg. A. 2, 691; so, numina, id. ib. 8, 78.
          1. (β) With object-clauses: seque et ibi futurum, ubi praescripserit et ea facturum, quae imperarit obsidibus datis firmat, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 9; cf.: paratis omnium animis reversuros firmaverunt, Tac. H. 2, 9: firmare necesse est, nil esse in promptu, etc., Lucr. 6, 940.
            In pass. with a subject-clause: sata bene provenire firmantur, Pall. 11, 12.

Firmum, i, n.,

  1. I. a fortified sea-port of Picenum, now Fermo, Mel. 2, 4, 6; Vell. 1, 14, 8; Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, B. 1.
  2. II. Deriv.: Firmānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Firmum, Firmian: cohors, Liv. 44, 40: L. Tarutius Firmanus, of Firmum, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98: audivi ex Gavio hoc Firmano, id. Att. 4, 8, b, 3: fratres, id. ib.
    Subst.: Firmāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Firmum, Firmians, Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 23.
    Castellum Firmānōrum, the port of Firmum, regarded as a separate place, now Porto di Fermo, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 111.

firmus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. dhar-, dharā-mi, hold, support; Gr. θρᾶ-, θρή-σασθαι, to sit down, θρῆνυς, θρόνος; cf.: frētus, frēnum], firm (in opp. to frail, destructible), steadfast, stable, strong, powerful (freq. and class.; esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: constans, stabilis, solidus).

  1. I. Lit.: nos fragili vastum ligno sulcavimus aequor: Quae tulit Aesoniden, firma carina fuit, Ov. P. 1, 4, 35: robora, Verg. A. 2, 481: arbor, Ov. A. A. 2, 652: vincula, id. F. 1, 370: janua, i. e. shut fast, id. Am. 2, 12, 3; cf. sera, id. P. 1, 2, 24: solum, Curt. 5, 1: firmioris testae murices, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: sunt et Amineae vites, firmissima vina. Verg. G. 2, 97: firmo cibo pasta pecus, strengthening, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2: firmius est triticum quam milium: id ipsum quam hordeum: ex tritico firmissima siligo, Cels. 2, 18: effice ut valeas, et ut ad nos firmus ac valens quam primum venias, Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1 and 2; cf.: mihi placebat, si firmior esses, etc., id. ib. 16, 5, 1: nondum satis firmo corpore, id. ib. 11, 27, 1: hinc remiges firmissimi, illinc inopia affectissimi, Vell. 2, 84, 2.
    With dat.: area firma templis sustinendis, Liv. 2, 5, 4: testa in structura oneri ferendo firma, Vitr. 2, 8, 19: adversis, Tac. Agr. 35 fin.
  2. II. Trop., firm in strength or durability, also in opinion, affection, etc., fast, constant, steadfast, immovable, powerful, strong, true, faithful: quae enim domus tam stabilis, quae tam firma civitas est, quae non odiis et discidiis funditus possit everti? Cic. Lael. 7, 23: res publica firma atque robusta, id. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf.: civitas imprimis firma, Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 2: Trinobantes prope firmissima earum regionum civitas, id. ib. 5, 20, 1; cf. also: Mutina firmissima et splendidissima colonia, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 24: tres potentissimi ac firmissimi populi, id. ib. 1, 3 fin.; and: evocatorum firma manus, id. Fam. 15, 4, 3: Antonius ab equitatu firmus esse dicebatur, strong in cavalry, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 2.
    With ad and acc.: satis firmus ad castra facienda, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 1: Chrysippi consolatio ad veritatem firmissima est, Cic. Tusc. 3, 33, 79: exercitus satis firmus ad tantum bellum, Liv. 23, 25, 6; cf.: cohortes minime firmae ad dimicandum, Caes. B. G. 7, 60, 2; Sall. H. 4, 62, 16.
    With contra: Jugurtha nihil satis firmum contra Metellum putat, Sall. J. 80, 1.
    With adversus: firmus adversus militarem largitionem, Tac. H. 2, 82: firmior adversus fortuita, id. ib. 4, 51: adversus convicia malosque rumores, Suet. Tib. 28.
    Absol.: cum neque magnas copias neque firmas haberet, Nep. Eum. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 8; Sall. J. 56, 2: concordi populo nihil esse immutabilius, nihil firmius, Cic. Rep. 1, 32: praesidia firmissima, id. Fin. 1, 10, 35: fundamenta defensionis firmissima, id. Cael. 2, 7: firmior fortuna, id. Rep. 1, 17: constitutio Romuli, id. ib. 2, 31 (ap. Non. 526, 10): illud ratum, firmum, fixum fuisse vis, Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141: officii praecepta firma, stabilia, id. Off. 1, 2, 6; cf.: opinio, firma et stabilis, id. Brut. 30, 114: firma et constans assensio, id. Ac. 1, 11, 42: ne in maximis quidem rebus quicquam adhuc inveni firmius, id. Or. 71, 237: spem firmissimam habere, id. Fam. 6, 5, 4; cf., transf.: firmior candidatus, i. e. who has stronger, greater hopes of being elected, id. Att. 1, 1, 2: litterae, i. e. containing news that may be relied upon, id. ib. 7, 25; cf. id. ib. 16, 5: senatum sua sponte bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; cf.: vir in suscepta causa firmissimus, id. Mil. 33, 91: accusator firmus verusque, id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29; with this cf.: vir pro veritate firmissimus, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 19: sunt fortasse in sententia firmiores, id. Balb. 27, 61: firmus in hoc, Tib. 3, 2, 5: non firmus rectum defendis et haeres, Hor. S. 2, 7, 26: firmus proposito, Vell. 2, 63 fin.; so, firmissimus irā, Ov. M. 7, 457: firmo id constantique animo facias licet, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2: nunc opus pectore firmo, Verg. A. 6, 261: firmi amici sunt (opp.: amici collabascunt), Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16: firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), Cic. Lael. 17, 62: ex infidelissimis sociis firmissimos reddere, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14: non brevis et suffragatoria, sed firma et perpetua amicitia, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 26: firmissimae amicitiae, Quint. 1, 2, 20: fides firma nobis, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 6.
          1. * (β) Poet. with inf.: fundus nec vendibilis nec pascere firmus, able, capable, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 47.
            Hence, adv., firmly, steadily, lastingly, powerfully; in two (equally common) forms: firme and firmĭter.
          1. (α) Form firme, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 24; id. Trin. 2, 2, 54: insistere, Suet. Calig. 26: firme graviterque aliquid comprehendere, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; cf.: satis firme aliquid concipere animo, id. ib. 2, 2, 6: continere multa, Quint. 11, 2, 2: sustinere assensus suos, Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 31: graviter et firme respondere, Plin. Ep. 6, 13, 3.
          2. (β) Form firmiter: firmiter hoc tuo sit pectore fixum, Lucil. ap. Non. 512, 20: nisi suffulcis firmiter, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77: insistere, Caes. B. G. 4, 26, 1: in suo gradu collocari, Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.: stabilita matrimonia, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 512, 23 (Rep. 6, 2 ed. Mos.): promisisse, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2 111: meminisse, Gell. 13, 8, 2.
        1. b. Comp.: firmius durare, Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 165: firmius coire, Ov. H. 19, 67.
        2. c. Sup.: asseverare, Cic. Att. 10, 14 fin.: pulvinus quam firmissime statuatur, Vitr. 5, 12.