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dēbĕo (dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. ὀφείλω; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
- I. Lit., of money and money’s worth.
- a. Act.,
- (α) with acc.: quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43: Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent, Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so, pecuniam alicui, id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.: qui dissolverem quae debeo, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51: appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas, Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so, grandem pecuniam, Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37: talenta CC, id. Att. 5, 21, 12: quadruplum, duplum, Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.
- (β) Without acc.: illis quibus debeo, Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30: ut illi quam plurimi deberent, Sall. J. 96, 2: nec ipsi debeo, Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit; adhuc non solvit, Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.
Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.
- b. Pass.: dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.: quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat, Caes. B. G. 6, 33: a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat, id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117: quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi? Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.: quaeretur an debeatur, Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.
Hence,
- (β) Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.: ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10: tamquam debito fraudetur, id. Or. 53, 178: ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet, will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10: reddere, to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
- 2. Prov.: animan debere, to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ὀφείλει," Don.).
- II. Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
- A. To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum … alicujus est).
- 1. In gen.
- a. Act.
- (α) with acc.: ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo, Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51: quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet, Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so, gratiam, Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b: videris patriae hoc munus debere, Cic. Leg. 1, 25: si fidem debet tutor, Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b: dies longa videtur opus debentibus, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21: quos mundo debes oculos, Ov. M. 4, 197: debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum, Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648: juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem, Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.: Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra, Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179: isti tibi quid homines debent? i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin.
- (β) With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est): debetis velle quae velimus, Plaut. Am. prol. 39: num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt? Cic. Lael. 11: multo illa gravius aestimare debere, Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.: Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat, id. B. C. 1, 30: debes hoc etiam rescribere, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.: ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc., id. ib. 7, 19 fin.: scriptor … inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini; dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet, Ov. M. 3, 137): ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici, Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.
Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.): omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc., Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.
- b. Pass., to be due or owing: Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11: quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur, id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.: honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere, Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.: persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita! Verg. A. 2, 538: debita quam sulcis committas semina, id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.): debitae Nymphis opifex coronae, Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30: calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam, id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.): soli mihi Pallas debetur, Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.: quid tibi istic debetur? what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
- (α) .
Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare): velut omni vitae debito liberatus, Curt. 10, 5, 3: nepotum nutriendorum, Val. Max. 2, 9, 1: non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum, Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3: solvere debito, to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.
- 2. Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. ὀφείλω and ὀφλισκάνω.
- a. To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. ὀφείλω, no. 3).
- (α) Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444: debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes, Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.
More usually,
- (β) pass., to be due i. e. to be destined: cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur, Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120; 145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo, id. ib. 12, 795: animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur, id. ib. 6, 714: sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae, id. ib. 11, 166: fatis debitus Arruns, i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759: dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces, id. ib. 8, 375 ("fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.: tempora Parcae debita complerant, id. ib. 9, 108: morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt, Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453; and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT, id. ib. no. 4482.
- b. So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ὀφλισκάνειν γέλωτά τινι): tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave, Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
- B. To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
- (α) With acc.: ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12; qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3: me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum, id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28; and quantum cuique deberet, Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.: o cui debere salutem Confiteor, Ov. M. 7, 164; so vitam, id. Pont. 4, 5, 31; and in a like sense: se, id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so, in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus, id. Fast. 2, 825.
- (β) Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one: verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc., Cic. Planc. 28; cf. with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc., Ov. M. 4, 76.
- C. To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back: quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui, Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init.
So pass.: sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere, id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.
dĕ-hăbĕo, ēre, v. a., not to have, to lack (late Lat.), Hier. Ep. 22, no. 35.
dĕ-haurĭo (also written dehōrio, like clodo, codex, clostrum, plostrum, etc.), hausi, haustum, 4, v. a.—
- * I. To skim off: amurcam, Cato R. R. 66 fin.
- II. To swal low down, to swallow (late Lat.): margarita pretiosa, Tert. Pall. 5 fin.: carnem, id. Resurr. carn. 11 fin.
dĕ-hĭbĕo, v. debeo init.
dĕ-hinc (in the poets freq. monosyllabic, e. g. Verg. A. 1, 131; 1, 256; Ov. F. 6, 788 al.; cf. App. Orth. 45. Dissyllabic in Verg. G. 3, 167; id. A. 3, 464; 5, 722; id. Hor. S. 1, 3, 104; id. A. P. 144; Sil. 8, 473 al.).
Adv., from this place forth, from here, hence.
- I. In space.
- A. Lit. (not ante-Aug. and rare): interiora Cedrosii, dehinc Persae habitant, Mel. 3, 8, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38: dehinc ab Syria usque ad, etc., Tac. A. 4, 5.
- B. Transf.
- 1. In the order of succession (poet.): ex fumo dare lucem Cogitat ut speciosa dehinc miracula promat, Hor. A. P. 143; Sil. 8, 473.
- 2. Like our hence, to indicate a consequence (only in the foll. places): sequi decretum’st, dehinc conjicito ceterum, Plaut. Casin. 1, 6; Ter. And. 1, 2, 19.
- II. In time, with or without respect to the terminus a quo (freq. in Plaut. and Ter. and since the Aug. period; not in Cic., Caes., or Quint.).
- A. With respect to the term. a quo, from this time forth, henceforth, henceforwards (in the future, opp. abhinc).
- (α) Cum futuro: si ante quidem mentitus est, nunc jam dehinc erit verax tibi, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 161; cf.: at ut scias, nunc dehinc latine jam loquar, id. ib. 5, 2, 69; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33.
- (β) Cum praes.: profecto nemo est, quem jam dehinc metuam, Plaut. Asin. 1, 1, 98; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5; so, ut quiescant, id. And. prol. 22: ne exspectetis, id. Ad. prol. 22: cf.: juro me L. Tarquinium Superbum ferro, igni, quacunque dehinc vi possim, exsecuturum, Liv. 1, 59.
- (γ) With imperat.: at nunc dehinc scito, illum, etc., Plaut. Asin. 5, 2, 8; cf. id. Poen. prol. 125.
- b. Referring to a point of time in the past, thenceforwards, since then: cum ex instituto Tiberii omnes dehinc Caesares beneficia … aliter rata non haberent, Suet. Tit. 8: duplex dehinc fama est, id. Calig. 58.
- B. Without respect to the term. a quo, pointing to a future time.
- 1. Hereupon, afterwards, next, then (not anteAug.): Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur, Verg. A. 1, 131; 1, 256; 5, 722; 6, 678; Hor. S. 1, 3, 104: dehinc audito legionum tumultu raptim profectus, etc., Tac. A. 1, 34; 13, 35; 15, 36; Suet. Caes. 35: post-positum, Tac. A. 4, 14; 13, 23; 13, 38: quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, Dona dehinc … imperat ad naves ferri, Verg. A. 3, 464: de qua dehinc dicam, Suet. Aug. 97; id. Ner. 19.
- 2. In enumerations ( = deinde), then (rare, and, excepting once in Sall., not anteAug.): arduum videtur res gestas scribere: primum quod … dehinc quia, etc., Sall. C. 3, 2; so after primum, Verg. G. 3, 167; after primo, Suet. Aug. 49 fin.: incipiet putrescere, dehinc laxata ire in humorem … tunc exsilient flumina, inde, etc., Sen. Q. N. 3, 29.
Cf. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 229-232.
dĕ-hisco, hīvi (in the inf. dehisse, v. the foll.), ĕre, v. n., to part, divide, go apart; to split open; to gape, to yawn (excepting once in Varr., not ante-Aug.): dehisse terram, Varr. L. L. 5, § 148 Müll.; so of the yawning earth, Verg. G. 1, 479; 3, 432; id. A. 4, 24 al.: unda dehiscens, id. ib. 1, 106: neque enim ante dehiscent Attonitae magna ora domus, id. ib. 6, 52: ex intervallo os paulum dehiscit, Cels. 7, 29 init.: cymba rimis, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 27; cf.: navigium, springs aleak, Sen. Ep. 30: dehiscens intervallis acies, Liv. 29, 2: dehiscere ingentibus rimis, id. 91 Fragm. init.: rosa paullatim rubescens dehiscit ac sese pandit, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14; cf. ib. § 18 fin.: thynni pinguescunt in tantum ut dehiscant, burst open, id. 9, 15, 20, § 53.
dĕhŏnestāmentum, i, n. [dehonesto], that which disfigures or dishonors; a blemish, deformity, disgrace, dishonor (excepting once in Sallust, only post-Aug. for dedecus, ignominia).
- (α) With gen.: corporis, Sall. Hist. Fragm. ap. Gell. 2, 27, 2; cf. oris, Tac. H. 4, 13: originis, Just. 28, 2: amicitiarum (sc. scurrae, histriones, etc.), Tac. H. 2, 87: vitiorum, Arn. 2, 16.
- (β) Without gen.: ignominiae et cetera dehonestamenta, Sen. Const. sap. 19 fin.; Tac. A. 14, 21; 12, 14.
dĕhŏnestātĭo, ōnis, f. [dehonesto], disgrace, dishonor (late Lat.), Tert. Pudic. 18.
dĕ-hŏnesto, āre, v. a., to disgrace, disparage, dishonor (once in Liv., otherwise post-Aug.; cf. dehonestamentum): famam maculari dehonestarique, Liv. 41, 6; Tac. A. 16, 24; Suet. Claud. 30; cf.: proavum infami opera, Tac. A. 3, 66; 3, 70 fin.; 4, 74 al.; Sen. Ben. 1, 6, 2; id. adv. Marc. 22, 2; Just 7, 3, 4; cf.: Romanum imperium, Treb. Gall. 16: amicum, Vulg. Prov. 25, 8.
dĕ-hŏnestus, a, um, adj., unbecoming, improper: verbum, Gell. 19, 10, 10.
dĕ-hŏnōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to dishonor (late Lat.), Salv. 3, p. 106: dehonorata Babylon, Oros. 2, 2.
* dĕhortātĭo, ōnis, f. [dehortor], a dissuading, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 15 fin.
dĕhortātīvus, a, um, adj. [dehortor], fit for dissuading, likely to dissuade, Prisc. p. 1020 P.; Isid. 2, 21, 21.
dĕhortātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [dehortor], dissuasive, dehortatory, Tert. Apol. 22.
dĕ-hortor, ātus, 1 (per tmesin de me hortatur, Enn., v. the foll.), v. dep. a., to advise to the contrary; to dissuade (rare but class.): res ipsa me aut invitabit aut dehortabitur, * Cic Pis. 39, 94: multa me dehortantur a vobis, dissuade me from espousing your cause, Sall. J. 31: Hannibal audaci tum pectore de me hortatur, Ne bellum faciam, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 2, 9, and ap. Non. 195, 21; so, me ne darem, Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 17.
With inf.: multa me dehortata sunt huc prodire, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 15: plura de Jugurtha scribere dehortatur me fortuna mea, Sall. J. 24, 4; Tac. A. 3, 16.