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dĕcem (DEKEM, Corp. Inscr. Lat. 1, 844 al.
The best MSS. and editt. vacillate often between the word and its sign X), num. [Sanscr. and Zend, daçan, Gr. δέκα, Old H. Germ. zëhan, Germ. zehn, Eng. ten], ten.

  1. I. Prop.: decem minae, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 57 and 58: hominum milia decem, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; 7, 21: fundi decem et tres, Cic. Rose. Am. 7, 20; cf. id. ib. 35, 99: milia passuum decem novem, Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Tac. H. 2, 58.
    1. B. Decem primi (separated thus in the inscrr.), or in one word, Dĕcemprīmi, ōrum, m., the heads or presidents of the ten decuriae which usually formed the senate in an Italian city or Roman colony (afterwards called decaproti, v. h. v.): magistratus et decem primi, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 67; id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; Inscr. Orell. 642 and 1848. Their dignity was termed dĕcem-prīmātus, ūs, m. (also decaprotia, v. h. v.), Dig. 50, 4, 1.
  2. II. Meton., for an indefinite, round number: si decem habeas linguas, mutum esse addecet, Plaut. Bac. 1, 2, 20; id. Merc. 2, 3, 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25: habebat saepe ducentos, Saepe decem servos, etc., id. S. 1, 3, 12: cf.: decies.

1. Dĕcember, bris, m. [decem and -ber, = fer, Sanscr. bhar, to carry, bear: cf. Septem-ber, etc.],

  1. I. the tenth month of the Roman year, reckoned from March, and consequently our twelfth, December (containing, as now, 31 days): "dehinc quintus (mensis) Quintilis et sic deinceps usque ad Decembrem a numero," Varr. L. L. 6, § 34 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 2, 21 fin.: acceptus Geniis December (on account of the Saturnalia celebrated in this month), Ov. F. 3, 58; cf. Sen. Ep. 18: canus, Mart. 1, 50: gelidus, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3; cf.: fumosus, id. ib. 2, 491.
        1. b. Adj.: ut adesset senatus frequens a. d. VIII. Kalendas Decembres, Cic. Phil. 3, 8: Nonae Decembres, Hor. Od. 3, 18, 10: Idibus Decembribus, Liv. 4, 37: libertate Decembri utere (i. e. of the Saturnalia), Hor. S. 2, 7, 4.
  2. II. As closing the year, meton. for the (past) year: hic tertius December, ex quo, etc., Hor. Epod. 11, 5; cf.: me quater undenos implevisse Decembres, id. Ep. 1, 20, 27.
      1. 2. Dĕcember, bris, m., a Roman surname, Inscr. Grut. 241; 676 al.; name of a slave, Dig. 40, 5, 41, § 15.

dĕcem-jŭgis, is, m. [jugum].
Lit., adj., ten-yoked; hence (with currus understood), a ten-horse chariot (very rare), Suet. Ner. 24; Inscr. ap. Buleng. de Circo, 55.

dĕcem-mestris, e, adj. [mensis; cf.: bimestris, trimestris], of ten months: annus, Censorin. 11; 20.

dĕcem-mŏdĭus, a, um, adj., containing ten modii (very rare): corbulae, Col. 12, 50, 8.
Subst.: dĕcemmŏdĭae, ārum, f. (al. decimodiae, sc. corbulae), baskets holding each ten modii, id. 12, 18, 2.

dĕcem-pĕda, ae, f. [pes], a ten-foot measuring rod, Cic. Mil. 27, 74; id. Phil. 14, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126; * Hor. Od. 2, 15, 14 al.

dĕcempĕdālis, e, adj. [decem-pes], ten feet long: spatium, Cod. 11, 42, 6.

* dĕcempĕdātor, ōris, m. [decempeda], a land-measurer, land-surveyor, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 37.

dĕcem-plex, ĭcis, adj. [plico], tenfold, Varr. L. L. 10, § 43 Müll: numerus hostium, Nep. Milt. 5.

* dĕcemplĭcātus, a, um, adj. [decem-plex], multiplied by ten, ten times over, Varr. L. L. 6, § 38 Müll.

dĕcemprīmātus, dĕcemprīmi, v. decem, no. I. B.

* dĕcem-rēmis, e, adj. [remus; cf.: biremis, triremis], lit. ten-oared, i. e. having ten banks of oars: sc. navis, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 208.

* decem-scalmus, a, um, adj. [scalmus], lit. ten-thowled, i. e. having ten oars: actuariola, Cic. Att. 16, 3, 6; Orell, N. cr.

dĕcemvir, v. decemviri.

dĕcemvĭrālis, e, adj. [decemviri], decemviral, of or belonging to the decem viri: leges, i. e. of the Twelve Tables, Liv. 3, 57 fin.; Gell. 20, 1, 3: potestas, Liv. 3, 55; Tac. A. 1, 1: annus, Cic. Rep. 2, 37 invidia, id. Brut. 14, 54; Liv. 3, 42: certaminibus, id. 3, 54: odio, id. 3, 42: ex collegio (sacerdotes), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49: pecunia (referring to the decemviri agris dividundis), id. Agr. 1, 5; cf.: auctis, ib. 2, 22, 58.
* Adv., dĕcemvĭrālĭter: loqui, i. e. in the manner of the decemviri stlitibus judicandis, Sid. Ep. 8, 6 med.

dĕcemvĭrātus, ūs, m. [decemviri], the decemvirate, the rank or office of a decemvir; with regard to the decemv. agr. divid., Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 60; with regard to the decemv. legib. scrib., Liv. 4, 15 al.

dĕcem-vĭri (in MSS. and old edd. often Xviri), um or ōrum (gen.-virum, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 39; 2, 21, 56; id. Rep. 2, 36, 61; Varr. L. L. 9, § 85 Müll.; Liv. 27, 8; 40, 12: -virorum only in Liv., where it is very freq.), m. [vir], a college or commission of ten men, the decemviri or decemvirs, Roman magistrates of various kinds.

  1. I. The most famous were called decemviri legibus scribundis, the composers of the Twelve Tables, who ruled alone, and absolutely, in the years of Rome 303 to 305 (legally only 303 and 304; hence "neque decemviralis potestas ultra biennium," Tac. A. 1, 1), Cic. Rep. 2, 36 sq.; Liv. 3, 32 sq.; Gell. 20, 1, 3.
    In sing., Cic. Rep. 2, 36 fin.; Liv. 3, 33 fin.; 40; 46; 48 al. The fragments which remain of these laws form one of the most important monuments of the early Latin language; and have been critically edited by R. Schoell, Leips., 1866; cf. Momms. Rom. Hist. book 2, ch. 2; Lange, Röm. Alter. 1, 535 sqq.; Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 503 sq.
  2. II. Decemviri stlitibus (litibus) judicandis, a standing tribunal for deciding causes involving liberty or citizenship, and which represented the praetor, Cic. Or. 46, 156; Suet. Aug. 36; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 29; Corp. Inscr. Lat. 8, 38 (A. U. C. 615); cf. Cic. Caec. 33, 97.
    In the sing., Inscr. Orell. no. 133 and 554.
  3. III. Decemviri agris dividundis, a commission for distributing the public land to the people, Cic. Agr. 1, 6 sq.; 2, 7 sq.; Liv. 31, 4 and 42; cf.: X. VIR. A. D. A. (i. e. decemviri agris dandis assignandis), Inscr. Orell. 544.
  4. IV. Decemviri sacris faciundis, a college of priests who preserved the Sibylline books, had charge of the Apollinaria, etc.; its number in the time of the emperors was increased to sixty, Liv. 10, 8; 25, 12 al.
    In sing., Inscr. Orell. 554.