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cōgĭtābĭlis, e, adj. [cogito], conceivable, imaginable (post-Aug. and very rare), Sen. Ep. 58, 13: Deus, App. Mag. p. 315, 4.
* cōgĭtābundus, a, um, adj. [cogito], thinking, thoughtful: Socrates, Gell. 2, 1, 2.
* cōgĭtāmen, ĭnis, n. [cogito], thinking, thought, Tert. Trin. 6.
* cōgĭtāmentum, i, n. [cogito], a thought (late Lat.), Vulg. 4 Esdr. 7, 22; cf. cogitamentum, ἐνθύμημα, Gloss. Gr. Lat.
cōgĭtāta, ōrum, n., v. cogito, I. b.
cōgĭtātē, adv., v. cogito fin.
‡ cōgĭtātim, adv., pro cogitate, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61, 9 Müll.
cōgĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [cogito, i. e. co-agito; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 43; Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19; Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 7 Müll.].
- I. Abstr., a thinking, considering, deliberating; thought, reflection, meditation (in good prose, and very freq.).
- 1. Absol.: cogitatio in se ipsā vertitur, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156: cogitatione aliquid complecti, Quint. 11, 2, 19: subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; cf. Quint. 10, 6, 1 sq.: speciem dei percipere cogitatione, non sensu, Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 105: cogitatione aliquid comprehendere, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; 4, 13, 29: cogitatio enim quamvis regionem potest amplecti, Auct. Her. 3, 19, 32: acerrima et attentissima, Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17: tacita, Quint. 5, 7, 2; cf. id. 6, 1, 44: provisa et formata, id. 10, 7, 8: fortuita, id. 10, 3, 29: male cohaerentem, id. 10, 6, 6: simplices, magnas, Tac. G. 22.
- 2. With gen.: timoris praeteriti, Cic. Sest. 4, 11: cum officii, tum etiam periculi mei, id. Fam. 7, 3, 1; Curt. 7, 8, 4: suscepti muneris, Quint. 4, prooem. 7: cogitationem habere argenti, amoenitatum, etc., Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10: illius loci, id. Att. 1, 11, 3: rerum, id. Fam. 5, 13, 5: petendi consulatūs, Vell. 2, 17, 2.
- 3. With rel.: quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem, quidnam istis agendum putem, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4: mihi … occurrit cogitatio, qualis animus in corpore sit, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51: cujus sit filius, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 3.
- II. Meton.
- A. Concr., a thought, opinion, judgment; a resolution, design. plan, project: omnes meas curas cogitationesque in rem publicam conferebam, Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2; cf. id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 35, 28, 7: mandare litteris cogitationes suas, Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6: versantur in animo meo multae et graves cogitationes, etc., id. Agr. 2, 2, 5; cf. Curt. 8, 3, 14: tacitae, Quint. 11, 2, 17; cf. id. 3, 8, 41: posteriores enim cogitationes (ut aiunt) sapientiores solent esse, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5 (transl. of Αἱ δεύτεραί πως φροντίδες σοφώτεραι): ista cogitatio de triumpho, id. Att. 7, 3, 2: redit autem illa cogitatio, quosdam fore qui, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 33: de his rebus rogo vos, ut cogitationem suscipiatis, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1; cf. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4: cogitatione rerum novarum abstinere, Tac. H. 1, 7; cf. id. ib. 1, 23; 2, 74; id. A. 15, 54: vix a tam praecipiti cogitatione revocatus, Suet. Calig. 48.
- B. In Cic. several times, thought as an intellectual power, the ability of thinking, power or faculty of thought, the reasoning power (cf.: vim cogitationis habere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66): (homo) solus particeps rationis et cogitationis, id. Leg. 1, 7, 22; id. N. D. 3, 9, 21; 2, 7, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134.
cōgĭtātō, adv., v. cogito, P. a. fin.
cōgĭtātōrĭum, ii, n. [cogitatus], a receptacle of thought (late Lat.): animae caro, Tert. Res Carn. 15; id. Anim. 11.
cōgĭtātum, i, and cōgĭtāta, ōrum, n., v. cogito, I. b.
1. cōgĭtātus, a, um, Part., from cogito.
2. cōgĭtātus, ūs, m. [cogito], a thinking, thought (late Lat.), App. M. 4, 5, p. 144, 22; Tert. Idol. 23; Vulg. Eccl. 9, 23 al. (but in Sen. Ep. 11, 9, cogitatus is part. pass.).
cōgĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [contr. from cŏ-ăgito, acc. to Varr. L. L. 6, § 43 Müll.; but more prob. from con and root of aio, Sanscr. ah; cf.: nego, adagium], to pursue something in the mind (cf. agito, II.), i. e.
- I. To consider thoroughly, to ponder, to weigh, reflect upon, think (class. in prose and poetry); constr. absol., with aliquid, de aliquo, or de aliquā re, sic, ita, or a rel. -clause: cogitate cum animis vestris si quid, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4; so Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55; 5, 3, 32; Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64; cf.: in animo cogitare, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 5: toto animo, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3: coepi egomet mecum Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 4, 2, 8; 1, 1, 19; id. Ad. 5, 3, 22: placuit tum id mihi. Sic cogitabam: hic, etc., id. And. 1, 1, 83; cf. id. Eun. 1, 1, 11; 3, 3, 1; 4, 6, 21; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4: sic cogitabam! fore uti, etc., Cic. Quint. 24, 77: severā fronte curas cogitans (i. e. animo volvens), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 2: nec, aequum anne iniquum imperet, cogitabit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 291: quid agam cogito, Ter. And. 2, 2, 21; cf. id. ib. 5, 1, 7 sq.; id. Ad. 4, 2, 30; Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 10; Lucr. 4, 789; cf. id. 4, 782; Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 29: ad haec igitur cogita, vel potius excogita, id. Att. 9, 6, 7.
With acc. of person: Regulum cogita, think, imagine, picture to yourself, Plin. Ep. 4, 2, 2: tamquam in eo tragoediae argumento sui oblitus tantum Catonem cogitasset, Tac. Or. 2: matrem, patrem, propinquos, Quint. Decl. 22 fin.; cf.: o felicem illum, qui non praesens tantum, sed etiam cogitatus emendat, Sen. Ep. 11, 9.
With two accs.: quem ultimae gentes castiorem non modo viderunt sed cogitaverunt? Cic. Balb. 4, 9: Scipionem, Laelium, avum, to think of, call to mind, id. Fin. 5, 1, 2: et majores et posteros cogitate, Tac. Agr. 32 fin.: si principem cogitares, Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 31: cum Persas cogitaret, Flor. 2, 8, 2; Sen. Cons. Marc. 3, 4.
- b. cōgĭtāta, ōrum, n. subst., reflections, thoughts, ideas: postquam ad judices Ventum est, non potuit cogitata proloqui, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 53: so cogitata (mentis) eloqui, Cic. Brut. 72, 253: perficere, id. Deiot. 7, 21: patefacere, Nep. Paus. 3, 1: sapientium, Cic. Agr. 1, 1, 1: Naevii, id. Quint. 29, 90.
Rare in sing.: quo neque acutius ullius imperatoris cogitatum neque celerius factum usquam legimus, Nep. Dat. 6, 8.
- B. Cogitare in, adversus aliquem, with an adv., to think in some way in respect to one, to be disposed towards (very rare): si humaniter et sapienter et amabiliter in me cogitare vis, etc., Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 2: adversus se, Suet. Caes. 75 Bremi; cf. with de aliquo: si quid amice de Romanis cogitabis, Nep. Hann. 2, 6: ut multi mihi renuntiarent … male eum de me cogitare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; and absol.: male cogitantes, Cato, R. R. praef. 4; cf.: Karthagini male jam diu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, Cic. Sen. 6, 18.
- II. In respect to a work to be undertaken or a conclusion to be made, to have something in mind, to intend, meditate, design, plan, purpose, etc.
- (α) With inf.: praedium parare, Cato, R. R. 1, 1; 3, 1; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 163: cogitat recipere hunc in aedes, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 58: facere, id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46: recipere me, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 4: cenare, id. ib. 4, 12, 1: uti, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 50: ex fumo dare lucem, id. A. P. 144: deducere exercitum, Suet. Ner. 18 al.
- (β) With acc.: proscriptiones et dictaturas cogitare, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20: caedem principis et res novas, Tac. A. 4, 28 fin.: cogitatum facinus, Suet. Tib. 19; and parricidium, id. Calig. 12: mecum rem pulcherrimam, Curt. 8, 7, 9: tantum nefas in aliquem, id. 6, 7, 30; 8, 6, 3; cf.: si qua cogitarentur, gravius adversus se, Suet. Caes. 75: quid bellicosus Cantaber et Scythes cogitet, what he plots, devises, Hor. C. 2, 11, 2; and so poet. of the (personified) wind: quid cogitet humidus Auster, Verg. G. 1, 462 Heyne.
- (γ) With ut and subj.: neque jam, ut aliquid acquireret … cogitabat, Caes. B. G. 7, 59: quid … viros cogitasse arbitramur? Ut nomen suum, etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 32; Nep. Dion, 9, 2.
- (δ) With de: cogitavit etiam de Homeri carminibus abolendis, Suet. Calig. 34: de reddendā republicā, id. Aug. 28: de consciscendā morte, id. Caes. 36; id. Claud. 31: de quo, id. Caes. 9: cum spiritus coepit de exitu cogitare, Sen. Q. N. 6, 25, 1.
In epistolary style, with ellipsis,
- a. Of ire: in Pompeianum cogitabam inde Aeculanum, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 4; 9, 1, 2; id. Fam. 7, 4 init.; id. Att. 2, 8, 2; 5, 15, 3.
- b. Of manere: eo die cogitabam in Anagnino, postero autem in Tusculano, Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; cf.: ut eo die apud T. Titium in Anagnino manerem. Postridie autem in Laterio cogitabam, id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 4 (2, 7, 1).
Hence,
- * A. P. a.: cōgĭtātus, a, um, deliberate: utrum perturbatione aliquā animi, an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27 B. and K. (al. cogitato).
- B. cōgĭtātē, adv., with mature reflection, considerately (rare): tractare rem suam, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 45: meditari, id. Mil. 3, 3, 69: quae vero accurate cogitateque scripsisset, Cic. Arch. 8, 18.
cognāta, ae, v. cognatus init.
cognātĭo, ōnis, f. [cognatus].
- I. Lit., blood relationship, kindred, connection by birth.
- A. Of men.
- 1. Absol.: societas … quae nata a primo satu … serpit sensim foras, cognationibus primum, tum adfinitatibus, deinde amicitiis, post vicinitatibus, tum civibus, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65: frater noster cognatione patruelis, id. ib. 5, 1, 1: ut quisque te maxime cognatione, adfinitate, necessitudine aliquā attingebat, id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 27: cognationem commemorare, id. ib. 2, 2, 26, § 64: cognationis jura inpetrare, Plin. Pan. 37, 3: propinqua, a near or close relationship: cujus gloriae faveo propter propinquam cognationem, Cic. Lig. 3, 8: Barcina, propinquā cognatione Hannibali junctus, Liv. 23, 41, 2; cf. id. 6, 39, 4 (infra 2); Nep. praef. 7; Suet. Ner. 3; Curt. 5, 3, 12; 6, 11, 20; for which: artissimā cognatione alicui junctum esse, Just. 5, 6, 4: longa or longinqua, a distant relationship: longā quidem cognatione stirpi regiae adnexus, Curt. 4, 1, 19: Alexandrum etiam longinquā cognatione contingere, id. 10, 10, 19.
- 2. With cum: dicere, sibi cum eo amicitiam cognationemque esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 64: nulla tibi cum isto cognatio, nulla necessitudo, id. ib. 2, 5, 68, § 176; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72: agere mecum per cognationem quae mihi secum esset, id. Att. 12, 49, 1.
- 3. With gen. pers.: deorum cognationem agnoscerem non invitus ( = cum dis), Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 91; cf.: deorum cognatione teneri, id. Div. 1, 30, 64: dictatorem propinquā cognatione Licini se apud patres excusare solitum, Liv. 6, 39, 4: Alexandro cognatio Bubaris non Darei tantum temporibus pacem praestitit, Just. 7, 4, 1; 12, 3, 1.
- B. Of animals: equorum, Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 157: caprarum, id. 8, 50, 76, § 203.
- C. Of plants: arborum, Plin. 16, 12, 23, § 61: caeparum, id. 19, 6, 33, § 108: papyri cum calamis, id. 16, 36, 64, § 157.
- II. Transf., concr., kindred, relations, persons, allied by descent: homo summae potentiae et magnae cognationis, Caes. B. G. 7, 32: hoc commune dedecus familiae, cognationis, nominis, Cic. Clu. 6, 16: cum tibi tota cognatio sarraco advehatur, id. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 21.
- III. Trop.
- A. In gen., relationship, association, intimate or natural connection, agreement, kindred, resemblance, affinity (freq. and class.): quibus (poëtis) est maxima cognatio cum oratoribus, Cic. de Or. 3, 7, 27; id. Ac. 2, 36, 115: cognatio studiorum et artium, id. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81; cf.: omnes artes … quasi cognatione quādam inter se continentur, id. Arch. 1, 2: numerus … nec habebat aliquam necessitudinem aut cognationem cum oratione, id. Or. 56, 187: numquam sibi cognationem cum praediis esse existimavit suis, id. Sull. 20, 59: an potest cognatio propior ulla esse quam patriae? id. Phil. 5, 2, 6: cum rerum naturā, id. Div. 2, 14, 33: rerum duarum, subjects, Quint. 9, 2, 105: dierum ac noctium, Plin. 6, 33, 39, § 211: quid in litteris proprium, quid commune, quae cum quibus cognatio, Quint. 1, 4, 12; 1, 10, 36: huic (napthae) magna cognatio ignium, Plin. 2, 105, 109, § 235.
- B. Transf., concr., of works of art: Pamphili cognatio et proelium ad Phliuntem ac victoria Atheniensium, the allied commanders painted by Pamphilus, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 76; 35, 11, 40, § 136.
co-gnātus, a, um, adj. [natus, nascor],
- I. sprung from the same stock, related by blood, kindred; and subst.: cognātus, i, m., and cognāta, ae, f., a blood-relation, kinsman (on either the father’s or the mother’s side; a more comprehensive word than agnatus, q. v.; very freq. and class.).
- 1. Masc.: cognatus vester, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 86: propinqui atque cognati, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96: amici cognatique alicujus, id. Caecin. 5, 15: cognati atque affines, id. post Red. ad Quir. 3, 6; Hor. S. 1, 9, 27 et saep.
Gen. plur.: cognatūm, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 209.
With dat.: is mihi cognatus fuit, Ter. And. 5, 4, 23; id. Ad. 5, 8, 24.
- 2. Fem.: amicae et cognatae, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 6; 5, 3, 20.
With dat., Plaut. Poen. prol. 97: negat Phanium esse hanc sibi cognatam, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 5.
- B. Poet., of objects relating to kindred: rogi, Prop. 3 (4), 7, 10: latus, Ov. M. 9, 412: corpora, id. ib. 2, 663; 13, 615: pectora, id. ib. 6, 498: moenia, id. ib. 15, 451: cineres, Cat. 68, 98: urbes, Verg. A. 3, 502: sanguis, id. ib. 12, 29: acies (i. e. between Cœsar and Pompey), Luc. 1, 4 et saep.
- C. Transf.
- 1. Of animals: genus, Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 13.
- 2. Of plants: arbores, Plin. 16, 10, 16, § 38.
- 3. Of other things; so (acc. to Pythagorean notions) of the soul, kindr. with the Deity, Ov. M. 1, 81 (cf. Cic. Sen. 21, 78; id. N. D. 1, 32, 91; Lucr. 2, 991; Diog. Laert. 1, 28 al.).
Of Thebes: moenia cognata Baccho, Stat. Th. 1, 11.
Of beans, in allusion to the doctrine of transmigration: faba Pythagorae cognata, Hor. S. 2, 6, 63 al.
- II. Trop., kindred, related, connected, like, similar: nihil est tam cognatum mentibus nostris quam numeri ac voces, Cic. de Or. 3, 51, 197: (deus mundo) formam et maxime sibi cognatam et decoram dedit, id. Univ. 6 init.: gypsum calci, Plin. 36, 24, 59, § 182: vocabula, Hor. S. 2, 3, 280; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 49: qui (princeps) quod umquam claritudine eminuit, id veluti cognatum censet tuendum, Vell. 2, 130, 1.
cognĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [cognosco].
- I. In gen., a becoming acquainted with, learning to know, acquiring knowledge, knowledge as a consequence of perception or of the exercise of our mental powers, knowing, acquaintance, cognition (in good prose; esp. freq. in Cic. and Quint.).
- A. Abstr.: cognitio contemplatioque naturae, Cic. Off. 1, 43, 153: rerum occultarum, id. ib. 1, 4, 13: rerum, id. Fin. 3, 5, 17: animi, id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71: deorum, id. N. D. 2, 56, 140: urbis, id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 40: in studiis sententiae cognitionisque versabitur, id. Off. 1, 6, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 158; id. Fin. 5, 12, 34: illi, quorum studia vitaque omnis in rerum cognitione versata est, id. Off. 1, 44, 155; cf. id. ib. § 157: quorum ego copiam magnitudinem cognitionis atque artis non contemno, culture, id. de Or. 1, 51, 219; Quint. 1, 10, 10; 12, 11, 17 al.: omnia, quae cognitione digna sunt, Cic. Off. 1, 43, 153; 2, 2, 5: cognitione atque hospitio dignus, id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Fin. 3, 11, 37; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 90: cognitio et aestimatio rerum, id. 2, 18, 1; 4, 2, 40.
- B. Concr.
- 1. ( = notio, κατάληψις.) A conception, notion, idea: intellegi necesse est esse deos, quoniam insitas eorum vel potius innatas cognitiones habemus, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 44; 1, 14, 36; id. Fin. 2, 5, 16 Madv.; 3, 5, 17.
- 2. Knowledge, a branch of learning (late Lat.): studiosus cognitionum omnium princeps, Amm. 21, 1, 7: 25, 4, 7.
- II. Specif., a legal t. t., a judicial examination, inquiry, cognizance, trial (very freq.): ne quod judicium, neve ipsius cognitio illo absente de existimatione ejus constitueretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 60: lex earum rerum consulibus cognitionem dedit, id. Att. 16, 16, C, 11; cf. id. ib. § 12: captorum agrorum, id. Agr. 2, 22, 60; so, principum et senatūs, Quint. 3, 10, 1; 7, 2, 20: patrum, Tac. A. 1, 75: magistratuum, Suet. Claud. 12: praetoria, Quint. 3, 6, 70: rerum capitalium, Liv. 1, 49, 4: falsi testamenti, Suet. Claud. 9: caedis, id. Rhet. 6: vacantium militiae munere, Liv. 4, 26, 12: de Christianis, Plin. Ep. 10, 97: de famosis libellis, Tac. A. 1, 72: de ejusmodi criminibus ac reis, Suet. Tib. 28: de Votieno Montano, Tac. A. 4, 42: inter patrem et filium, Liv. 1, 50, 9: dies cognitionis, the day of trial, Cic. Brut. 32, 87.
- III. In Terence twice for agnitio, recognition, discovery (cf. cognosco), Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 33; id. Eun. 5, 3, 12.
cognĭtĭōnālis, e, adj. [cognitio, II.], pertaining to judicial inquiry: sententiae, Cod. Just. 7, 42, 1; 7, 45, 13.
* Adv.: co-gnĭtĭōnālĭter: introductus, by judicial investigation, Cod. Just. 7, 63, 5 fin.
cognĭtor, ōris, m. [cognosco], a judic. t. t.
- A. Lit., one who has made himself familiar with a case in law; hence,
- a. An advocate, attorney (acting in the name of the parties, who had previously appeared before the tribunal: cognitor est, qui litem alterius suscipit coram ab eo, cui datus est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 57, 9 Müll.; cf. Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11; Gai Inst. 4, 97; and v. advocatus), Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11, id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 106 sq.; 2, 3, 34, § 78; 2, 3, 60, § 137; id. Caecin. 5, 14; id. Rosc. Com. 11, 32; 18, 53; * Quint. 3, 6, 71 al.
- b. A judge, = quaesitor, Cod. Th. 9, 27, 5; 10, 10, 20; Symm. Ep. 9, 39 al.
- B. In gen., a defender, protector: hoc (Caesare) auctore et cognitore hujusce sententiae, Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 9; Auct. Harusp. 21, 45; Liv. 39, 5, 2; Hor. S. 2, 5, 38 al.: Liber dithyramborum cognitor, Front. Eloqu. p. 217.
- II. A witness, who testifies that he knows a person, a voucher, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 65, § 167 sq.; cf. id. ib. § 168; 2, 1, 5, § 13.
cognĭtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [cognitor], pertaining to an advocate, Gai Inst. 2, 39; 2, 52; 4, 82 al.
cognĭtūra, ae, f. [cognitor], the office of a fiscal agent, who looks up the debtors to the treasury; a state’s attorneyship, a state agency, Gai Inst. 4, § 124; Paul. Sent. 1, 2, § 2; Suet. Vit. 2.
1. cognĭtus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from cognosco.
* 2. cognĭtus, ūs, m. [cognosco], a becoming acquainted with, a knowing: variorum populorum, App. M. 9, p. 225.
cognōbĭlis, e, adj. [cognosco], that can be understood, intelligible (only in the two foll. exs.): libri, Gell. 20, 5, 9, as a translation of the Aristotelian ξυνετοί, and in imitation of the Catonian cognobilior cognitio, Cato ib. fin.
cognōmen, ĭnis, n. [co-nomen].
- I. A name added to the nomen (or name of the gens), usu. the third word in order in the full name of each citizen; sometimes followed by a fourth, the agnomen, but in the class. per. including the agnomen, a Roman surname, family name, epithet (e. g. Cicero, Scipio, etc., Africanus, Asiaticus, etc.; cf. Quint. 7, 3, 27; freq. and class.): T. Manlius, qui Galli torque detracto cognomen (sc. Torquati) invenit, Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf. id. Fin. 1, 7, 23: duo isti T. Roscii, quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, id. Rosc. Am. 6, 17; so with dat., Liv. 2, 33, 5; 32, 2, 7; Suet. Caes. 59; id. Aug. 7; id. Vit. 18; id. Claud. 26; Hor. S. 1, 3, 58; cf. Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 8: sapientis habere, Cic. Lael. 2, 6: Augusti, Suet. Aug. 7: Arabiae felicis dare, Plin. 12, 13, 30, § 51: Felicem addere, id. 22, 6, 6, § 12: P. Crassus cum cognomine Dives, Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57: cognomen ex contumeliā traxerit, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16; so, ex vero dictum cognomen, Hor. S. 2, 2, 56: imponere alicui, id. ib. 2, 3, 26: Aristides … cognomine Justus sit appellatus, Nep. Arist. 1, 2: sumere ex aliquā re, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 11: uti, id Clu. 26, 72.
- II. Meton., poet., or in post. Aug. prose sometimes, in gen. for nomen, a name: cognomina prisca locorum, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 69; so Verg. A. 1, 530; 3, 133; 3, 163; 3, 334; 3, 350; 8, 48; 8, 331 al.; Claud. B. Get. 555; Gell. 10, 12, 6.
cognōmentum, i, n. [access. form of cognomen],
- I. a surname (rare in class. prose; most freq. in Tac.; not used by Cic.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 15), Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 47; id. Ps. 4, 2, 20; id. Pers. 1, 2, 8; Poët. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 15; Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 4, 4; Messala ap. Sen. Suas. 2; Tac. A. 12, 55; 14, 27; Gell. 18, 7, 1.
- II. (Like cognomen in poets, v. cognomen, II.) In gen., a name (partic. of inanim. things or of persons to designate a peculiar quality), Tac. A. 1, 31 Nipperd.; 2, 6; 2, 60; 4, 65; 11, 11; 15, 40; id. H. 5, 2.
* cognōmĭnātĭo, ōnis, f. [access. form of cognomen], a surname, Afran. ap. Non. p. 87, 23.
cognōmĭnis, e (abl. cognomine, v. the foll.; cf.: bimestris, coelestis al.), adj. [cognomen], like-named, of the same name (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose); with gen., dat., or absol.: duae germanae meretrices cognomines, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 5: cognomine Insubribus pago Haeduorum, Liv. 5, 34, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.: flumen Absarrum cum castello cognomine, Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 12: mox Asiacae cognomines flumini, id. 4, 12, 26, § 82: eorum, id. 6, 2, 2, § 5; Suet. Vit. 2: gaudet cognomine terrā, Verg. A. 6, 383 Forbig. ad loc. (Rib. terrae); Suet. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 383: cognominem patriae suae Salamina constituit, Vell. 1, 1, 1: sibi, Suet. Oth. 1.
cognōmĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cognomen].
- I. To furnish with a surname, to surname, denominate (mostly post-Aug.; only once in Cic.): amaracum Phrygium, Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 67; 21, 3, 7, § 10; * Quint. 4, 1, 2; Suet. Tib. 17.
In part. pass.: quo ex facto ipse posterique ejus Torquati sunt cognominati, Quadr. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 19; Suet. Aug. 7; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 112; 33, 10, 17, § 133; Flor. 3, 5, 1: verba cognominata, i. e. synonyms, * Cic. Part. Or. 15, 53.
- II. Rarely in gen., to name, call: Macedonia … Emathia cognominata est, Just. 7, 1, 1; so id. 15, 2, 11; Gell. 2, 22, 8.
cognoscens, entis, Part. and P. a., from cognosco.
cognoscenter, adv., v. cognosco, P. a. 1.
cognoscĭbĭlis, e, adj. [cognosco], recognizable, discernible (late Lat.), Boëth. Arist. Anal. Post. 1, 541.
Adv.: cogno-scĭbĭlĭter, recognizably: a magnitudine creaturae cognoscibiliter poterit creator videri, Vulg. Sap. 13, 5.
co-gnosco, gnōvi, gnĭtum, 3 (tempp. perff. contr. cognosti, Ter. And. 3, 4, 7: cognostis, id. Hec. prol. 8: cognoram, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 143; Cat. 66, 26: cognoro, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2; id. Fam. 2, 11, 2 fin.: cognorim, Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 1: cognoris, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; Lucr. 6, 534: cognorit, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 11: cognosses, Cic. Fl. 21, 51; Cat. 91, 3: cognossent, Nep. Lys. 4 fin.: cognosse, Lucr. 1, 331; Cat. 90, 3; Ov. M. 15, 4 al.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 532; 2, 535), v. a. [nosco].
- I. To become thoroughly acquainted with (by the senses or mentally), to learn by inquiring, to examine, investigate, perceive, see, understand, learn; and, in tempp. perff. (cf. nosco) to know (very freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. with acc., with acc. and inf., or a rel.-clause as object, and with ex, ab, the abl. alone, or per, with the source, etc., of the information, and with de.
- A. By the senses: credit enim sensus ignem cognoscere vere, Lucr. 1, 697; 6, 194; Enn. Ann. ap. Pers. 6, 9 (v. 16 Vahl.); cf.: doctas cognoscere Athenas, Prop. 1, 6, 13; so, regiones, Caes. B. G. 3, 7: domos atque villas, Sall. C. 12, 3: Elysios campos, etc., Tib. 3, 5, 23: totum amnem, Verg. A. 9, 245: sepulcra, Suet. Calig. 3: Aegyptum proficisci cognoscendae antiquitatis, Tac. A. 2, 59; cf. Nep. Att. 18, 1: infantem, Suet. Calig. 13: si quid dignum cognitu, worth seeing, Suet. Aug. 43 rem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 275, 22: ab iis Caesar haec dicta cognovit, qui sermoni interfuerunt, Caes. B. C 3, 18 fin.: si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros.. Incipiam, Verg A. 2, 10: verum, quod institui dicere, miserias cognoscite sociorum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: aliquid et litteris et nuntiis cognoscere, id. Fam. 1, 5, 1; 14, 5, 1; 14, 6 init.: iter ex perfugis, Sall. C. 57, 3; id. J. 112, 1 al: per exploratores cognovit, Caes. B. G. 1, 22; 5, 49; 2, 11; 7, 16: deditio per nuntios cognita, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 22 Gerl.: de Marcelli salute, Cic Fam. 4, 4, 3: de Bruto, id. Att. 5, 21, 10; Sall J. 73, 1: his (quibus) rebus cognitis very freq. in the historians, Caes. B G. 1, 19, 1, 33; 2, 17; 4, 30 et saep., so in abl. absol. cognito, vivere Ptolemaeum, Liv. 33, 41, 5, so id. 37, 13, 5, 44, 28, 4 al.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 647.
- b. Like the Engl. to know, the Heb. [??] (v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v 3), and the Gr. γιγνώσκω (v. Lidd. and Scott, under the word, III.), euphem of sexual intercourse, Ov. H. 6, 133 aliquam adulterio, Just 5, 2, 5, 22, 1, 13: cognita, Cat 61, 147; Tac. H 4, 44.
- B. Mentally, to become acquainted with, learn, recognize, know: nihil certum sciri, nihil plane cognosci et percipi possit, Cic. de Or 1, 51, 222, Lucr 2, 840; quod Di vitiaci fratris summum in populum Romanum studium cognoverat, Caes. B. G 1, 19; cf. Sall. C. 51, 16 quem tu, cum ephebum Temni cognosses, Cic. Fl. 21, 51 et saep.: id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, knew by their weapons and insignia (diff. from ex and ab aliquo, to learn from any one, v ab), Caes. B G. 1, 22; Ov. P 2, 10, 1; Phaedr. 4, 21, 22.
With acc. and inf: nunc animam quoque ut in membris cognoscere possis esse, Lucr 3, 117; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: cum paucitatem mililum ex castrorum exiguitate cognosceret, Caes B G. 4, 30: aetatem eorum ex dentibus, Varr R. R. 2, 8 fin.: sed Metello jam antea experimentis cognitum erat, genus Numidarum infidum … esse, Sall. J 46, 3 al.
With acc. and part.: aliter ac sperarat rempublicam se habentem, Nep. Ham. 2, 1.
With rel.- clause: tandem cognosti qui siem, Ter And. 3, 4, 7: id socordiāne an casu acciderit, parum cognovi, Sall. J. 79, 5 al.
- II. To recognize that which is already known, acknowledge, identify (rare for agnosco): vereor, ne me quoque, cum domum ab Ilio cessim revertero, Praeter canem cognoscat nemo, Varr. ap. Non. p. 276, 9: eum haec cognovit Myrrhina, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 32: primum ostendimus Cethego signum: cognovit, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10; cf.: sigilla, ova, id. Ac. 2, 26, 86; Lucr. 2, 349: pecus exceptum est, quod intra dies XXX. domini cognovissent, to identify, Liv. 24, 16, 5; cf.: ut suum quisque per triduum cognitum abduceret, id. 3, 10, 1; Ov. F. 2, 185: video et cognosco signum, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 45: faciem suam, Ov. A. A. 3, 508: cognito regis corpore, Just. 2, 6, 20: mores, Ov. P. 3, 2, 105.
So esp., to identify a person before a tribunal: cum eum Syracusis amplius centum cives Romani cognoscerent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14; 2, 5, 28, § 72.
- III. With the access. idea of individual exertion (cf. Gr. γιγνώσκω), to seek or strive to know something, to inquire into, to investigate, examine (so freq. only as a jurid. and milit. t. t.): accipe, cognosce signum, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 31.
- A. Jurid. t. t., to examine a case in law, to investigate judicially (cf. cognitio): Verres adesse jubebat, Verres cognoscebat, Verres judicabat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 21; Dig. 13, 4, 4 al.
So absol.: si judicas, cognosce, Sen. Med. 194.
With acc.: causam, Quint. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. 11, 1, 77 Spald. N. cr.: causas, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118. COGNITIONES, Inscr. Orell. 3042.
With de: de agro Campano, Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 53: de Caesaris actis, id. Att. 16, 16 B, 8: de hereditate, id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 19: hac de re, id. ib. 2, 1, 10, § 27; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 85; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 62 al.; Suet. Aug. 55; 93; id. Tib. 33; id. Calig. 38 al.: super aliquā re, Dig. 23, 2, 13: familiae herciscundae, i. e. ex actione familiae herciscundae, ib. 28, 5, 35; cf. ib. 27, 2, 2.
- 2. Transf., of critics and the criticising public: cognoscere atque ignoscere, Quae veteres factitarunt, si faciunt novi, Ter. Eun. prol. 42; cf. id. Hec. prol. 3 and 8.
And of private persons in gen.: et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6.
- B. Milit. t. t., to reconnoitre, to act the part of a scout: qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus, qui cognoscerent, misit, Caes. B. G. 1, 21 al
Also merely to inquire into, examine: numerum tuorum militum reliquiasque, Cic. Pis. 37, 91 (al. recognoscere).
Hence,
- * 1. cognoscens, entis, P. a., acquainted with: cognoscens sui, Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25.
Subst. in jurid. lang., one who investigates judicially Inscr Orell 3151; 3185.
* Adv.: cognoscenter, with knowledge, distinctly: ut cognoscenter te videam, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 22.
- 2. cognĭtus, a, um, P. a., known, acknowledged, approved. res penitus perspectae planeque cognitae, Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108, cf. id. ib 1, 20, 92; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2. dierum ratio pervulgata et cognita, id. Mur 11, 25: homo virtute cognitā et spectatā fide, id. Caecin. 36, 104.
With dat.: mihi Galba, Otho, Vitellius nec beneficio nec injuriā cogniti, Tac. H. 1, 1, so Plin. 12, 21, 45, § 99.
Comp.: cognitiora, Ov Tr. 4, 6, 28. cognitius, id. M. 14, 15.
Sup.: cognitissima, Cat. 4, 14.
cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)
- I. Lit.
- A. In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction): cogantur (oves) intro, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf. pecus, id. ib. 3, 20: oves stabulis, id. ib. 6, 85: nubes in unum locum, Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734: oleam, to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.
So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9: talenta ad quindecim Coëgi, received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30: Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.: multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium, id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304: concilium Hypatam, Liv. 36, 26, 1: bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.
So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1: copias in unum locum, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.: exercitum in unum, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2: multitudinem in unum, Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4: in classem, Liv. 36, 3, 5: milites in provinciam, id. 43, 15, 7: exercitum Dyrrhachium, Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.: ad militiam aliquos, id. J. 85, 3: acies in proelia, Verg. A. 9, 463: auxilia undique, id. ib. 8, 7.
And of the calling together of a senate: quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.: dum senatus cogeretur, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7: coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā, id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.
And of a single senator: cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer? Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.: ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes, contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt: quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur, id. 5, 14, 9.
- B. Esp.
- 1. Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate: mella frigore (opp. calore remittere), Verg. G. 4, 36: lac in duritiam, Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666: fel sole, Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116: liquorem in nivem, id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.
Similarly: coacta alvus, hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so, vestis coacta, fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192.
- 2. Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400: saltus in arctas coactus fauces, Liv. 22, 15, 11.
- 3. Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.
- II. Trop.
- A. In gen.: hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.), Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2: me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti, have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6: in eam desperationem, ut, Suet. Caes. 20: verba in alternos pedes, i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.
More freq.,
- B. Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).
- (α) With acc.: coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet, Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36: vis cogendae militiae, Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.
- (β) With inf: omnia vertere, Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837: mori me, Verg. E. 2, 7: plerasque ad officium redire, Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2: neque cogi pugnare poterat, id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.
- (γ) With ut: vi coepi cogere ut rediret, Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.
With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.
- (δ) With ad: ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes, Nep. Them. 4, 4: ad lacrimas, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57: ad proelia, Verg. A. 12, 581: Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere, Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.
(ε) With in: in lacrimas, Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23; Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem, Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.
(ζ) With acc.
- 1. With double acc.: cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid, Quint. 11, 1, 22: quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44: quod sua quemque mala cogebant, Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6: cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno, to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10: quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames! Verg. A. 3, 56.
- 2. With acc. of the thing: ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret, Nep. Att. 22, 2: quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet, Vell. 2, 81, 1: adulterium, Ov. A. A. 2, 367.
- 3. Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude: ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur, Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.
- 4. Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.; v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus, Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.: sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen, Sen. Ep. 12, 8.
Hence,
- 1. coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin.
- 2. coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural: quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret, Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3: lacrimae, Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.
- 3. coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence),
- a. Shortly, quickly: coactius quid factum et festinantius, Gell. 10, 11, 8.
- b. Accurately, strictly: coactius interpretari verbum, Gell. 19, 2.
- c. In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.