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‡ commūnĭcārius (dies), in quo omnibus dīs communiter sacrificabatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220, 19 Müll.

commūnĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [communico] (several times in Cic., elsewh. rare), a making common, imparting, communicating.

  1. I. In gen.: largitio et communicatio civitatis, Cic. Balb. 13, 31: quaedam societas et communicatio utilitatum, id. Fin. 5, 23, 65: consilii, id. Fam. 5, 19, 2: sermonis, id. Att. 1, 17, 6: criminis cum pluribus, Tiro ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14: nominum, i. e. the like appellation of several objects, Plin. 24, 14, 80, § 129: juris, Dig. 23, 2, 1: damni, ib. 27, 3, 1, § 14.
  2. II. In rhet., a figure of speech, = ἀνακοίνωσις, in accordance with which one turns to his hearers, and, as it were, allows them to take part in the inquiry, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 204; Quint. 9, 1, 30; 9, 2, 20 and 23.

commūnĭcātor, ōris, m. [communico] (postclass.).

  1. I. He who makes one a participant in a thing: rei familiaris, Arn. 4, p. 154 fin.
  2. II. He who has part in a thing, Tert. Pudic. 22.

1. commūnĭcātus, a, um, Part., from communico.

2. commūnĭcātus, ūs, m. [communico], a participation, App. de Deo Socr. p. 44, 5.

‡ com-mūnĭceps, cĭpis, m., born in the same municipal town, Inscr. Orell. 3062.

commūnĭco (conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].

  1. I. To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.
    1. A. In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.
          1. (α) With aliquid cum aliquo: ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis, Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116: suam causam cum Chrysogono, id. ib. 48, 140: cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 37: civitatem nostram vobiscum, Liv. 23, 5, 9: causam civium cum servis fugitivis, Sall. C. 56, 5: at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum), Ov. M. 13, 239: consilia cum finitimis civitatibus, to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2: cum plebeiis magistratibus, Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56: curam doloris cum aliquo, Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.
            Of discourse: homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1: ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant, id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re: Pompeius, qui mecum … de te communicare solet, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3: is mecum de tuā mansione communicat, id. ib. 4, 4, 5: cum compluribus de ratione belli, Suet. Tib. 18.
          2. (β) Aliquid inter aliquos: cum de societate inter se multa communicarent, Cic. Quint. 4, 15: socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est, id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50: ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus, id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2: communicato inter se consilio, Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. α); Suet. Dom. 7.
          3. (γ) Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat, Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum): hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur, id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.; so with redditur, id. ib. 6, 13: sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse, Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum, Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.
          4. * (δ) Aliquem aliquā re: communicabo semper te mensā meā, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.
            (ε) Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9: et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores, id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22: ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet, Caes. B. G. 7, 63: consilia communicant, id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.
      1. 2. Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite: viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.
      2. 3. In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior: ne cum peregrinis communicarent, Just. 36, 2, 15: malis, with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162: ne communices homini indocto, Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.
        Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.
    2. B. In receiving, to share something with one, to lake or receive a part, to partake, participate in (also class.).
          1. (α) Aliquid cum aliquo: ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.: provinciam cum Antonio, Cic. Pis. 2, 5: inimicitias mecum, id. Fam. 15, 21, 2: qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat, believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8: haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse, Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.
          2. (β) Absol.: primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat, Tac. Agr. 8.
          3. (γ) Alicui (late Lat.): altari Christi, to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.
  2. II. In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

commūnĭcor, āri, v. communico init.

1. com-mūnĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4, v. a., to fortify on all sides or strongly, to secure, barricade, intrench (class.).

  1. I. Prop.: castella, Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Nep. Alcib. 7, 4: castra, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 2, 32, 4; 21, 32, 11; 42, 58, 1: loca castellis idonea, Nep. Milt. 2, 1: hibernacula, Liv. 22, 32, 1: praesidium, id. 2, 49, 8: tumulum, Caes. B. C. 1, 43.
    Transf.: os arteriae, Gell. 17, 11, 5.
  2. II. Trop., to make sure, to strengthen: auctoritatem aulae, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6 (cf. aula, II. A.): causam testimoniis, id. Rosc. Com. 15, 43: jus, id. Caecin. 26, 74.

2. commūnĭo, ōnis, f. [communis], a communion, mutual participation (several times in Cicero, elsewhere rare).

  1. I. In gen.: inter quos est communio legis, inter eos communio juris est, Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23: sanguinis, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: litterarum et vocum, id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5: sermonis, * Suet. Aug. 74: parietum, Tac. A. 15, 43: victoriae, id. ib. 12, 19: temporum alicujus, Cic. Mil. 36, 100: beneficiorum, praemiorum civitatis, id. Balb. 12, 29: visorum, id. Ac. 2, 14, 44: plures partes communione complecti, id. de Or. 1, 42, 189: in pristinā communione manere, id. ib. 3, 19, 72: sagariam communionem inire, Dig. 17, 2, 52.
  2. II. In eccl. Lat.
    1. A. Church communion, Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 2, 45; 2, 37; Aug. in Ps. 57, n. 15.
      Hence,
    2. B. The sacrament of the Lord’s supper, communion: sancti altaris, Aug. Ep. 54, 6.

com-mūnis (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. [con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia], that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one: quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.

  1. I. Prop.: vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: vinea vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is fit ei cum Roscio communis, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.
    Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere: vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā … quid habere potest commune … gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum … nihil vobiscum commune habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune, id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: vitium commune omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. libertas, id. Sest. 1, 1: salus, id. ib. 6, 15: utilitas, Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: mors, natural, Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: sit in beneficio sensus communis, Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers, Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: communis locus, euphem., the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.
    In plur.: loca, public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1; but loci, in philos. lang., a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.
    1. B. Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.
      1. 1. In gen., plur.: ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20: paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas, publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.
        In sing.: de communi aliquid consequi, Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3: jus communi dividundo, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.
      2. 2. Esp. = τὸ κοινόν, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.: Commune Milyadum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95: Siciliae, id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145; 2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.: communis Graecia, id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.
        1. b. In commune.
          1. (α) For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.: metuere, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20: consulere, Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5: conferre, Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8: vocare honores, i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18: profutura, Quint. 6, 1, 7: laborare (apes), id. 5, 11, 24.
            Rarely in communi: ponere libertatem, Tac. A. 13, 27.
          2. (β) In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose): de jure omni disputandum, Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.
          3. (γ) Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. That represents the common sentiment, democratic: qui in bello … suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.
    2. B. Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it; v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est, Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: communis infimis, par principibus, Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.
      Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).
      Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).
    3. C. T. t.
      1. 1. In rhet.: commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire, equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.
      2. 2. In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.: genus, of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.
        Hence, Advv.
      1. 1. Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.
        Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23; opp. separatim, Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.
        * Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.
      2. 2. commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.

commūnĭtas, ātis, f. [communis].

  1. I. Community, society, fellowship (very freq. in Cic.; elsewhere rare): nulla cum deo homini, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116: condicionis, aequitatis, legationis cum hoc gladiatore, id. Phil. 6, 2, 3: et conjunctio humana, id. Off. 1, 44, 157; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 156: vitae atque victūs, id. Fam. 9, 24, 3; id. Off. 1, 14, 45.
    1. B. The sense of fellowship, community in feeling, etc.: cum omnis honestas manet a partibus quattuor, quarum una sit cognitionis, altera communitatis, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 43, 152; so id. ib. 1, 43, 153; and id. ib. 1, 45, 159; 3, 5, 24; 3, 33, 118.
  2. II. (Acc. to communis, II.) Courtesy, condescension, affability, Nep. Milt. 8, 4.

commūnĭter, adv., v. communis, adv., 1.

commūnītĭo, ōnis, f. [1. communio].

  1. I. Abstr., the making or preparing of a way; trop. = Gr. ὁδοποίησις: anne autem principium aut rei totius, quae agetur, significationem habere debebit, aut aditum ad causam et communitionem, etc., Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 320.
  2. II. Concr., a fortification, Vitr. 10, 13, 1.

1. commūnĭtus, adv., v. communis, adv., 2.

2. commūnītus, a, um, Part., from 1. communio.