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bālo (bēlo, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [root bal = bar; Sanscr. barh, barrire; Gr. βάρβαρος; cf. βληχή, ἔβραχε; but cf. also Paul. ex Fest. p. 30 Müll.],

  1. I. to bleat, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 20; Ov. F. 4, 740; Quint. 1, 5, 72; Sil. 15, 706.
    Poet.: balantes hostiae = oves, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21 (Trag. v. 61 Vahl.): pecus balans, Juv. 13, 233; and absol. balans = ovis (so μηκάς from μηκάομαι), Lucr. 6, 1131: balantum grex, Verg. G. 1, 272; 3, 457.
    Facetè, to speak of sheep: satis balasti, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 1.
  2. II. Trop., to talk foolishly: Cornificius balare convincitur, Arn. 3, p. 122.

belbus, i, m., = hyaena, Capitol. Gord. III. 33, 1.

Belena = Helena, v. Quint. 1, 4, 15.

‡ Belenus, i, m., a deity worshipped in Noricum and Aquileia, Tert. Apol. 24; id. adv. Nat. 2, 8; Capitol. Max. 22, 2; Inscr. Orell. 823; 1967.

Belgae, ārum, m., = Βέλγαι [Balge, in Lower Germany, a low, swampy region],

  1. I. the Belgians, a warlike people, of German and Celtic origin, in the north of Gaul, Caes. B. G. 1, 1; 2, 4; Mel. 3, 2, 4; Tac. A. 1, 43; 3, 40; id. H. 4, 17; 4, 76 al.
    In sing.: Bel-ga, ae, m., a Belgian, Luc. 1, 426; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 226.
  2. II. Deriv.: Belgĭ-cus, a, um, adj., Belgic: esseda, Verg. G. 3, 204: color, Prop. 2 (3), 18, 26: calami, Plin. 16, 36, 65, § 161: canis, Sil. 10, 80.
    Hence, Gallia Belgica, or absol. Belgica, the northern part of Gaul, between the Rhine, Seine, Marne, and the North Sea, inhabited by the Belgians, Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 105; 7, 16, 17, § 76.
    Absol., Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 103; Tac. H. 1, 12; 1, 58 al.

Belgĭum. ii, n., a part of Gallia Belgica, on both sides of the Somme, including the Belloraci, Atrebates, and Ambiani, Caes. B. G. 5, 12; 5, 24; 5, 25; 8, 46.

Belĭal, indecl. (Belĭas, ae, m.), = Heb. [??], Belial, a chief of the evil spirits, Prud. Psych. 714; Tert. Cult. Fem. 1, 2; Vulg. Deut. 13, 13; id. 2 Cor. 6, 15.

Belias, v. Belial and Belus.

Belides, Belis, v. Belus.

belĭon, ii, n., a plant, the same as po lion, q. v., App. Herb. 58.

bellārĭa, ōrum, n., that which is used as a dessert, fruit, nuts, confectionery, sweet wine, etc.; the dessert, τράγημα, Fr. dragée [from bellus, like bellissimum, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 51 Don., and pulchralia, Fest. p. 210], Gell. 13, 11, 7; Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 27; Suet. Ner. 27.
Note: Here the corrupted passage ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll. seems to belong: bellarium et bellaria res aptas bellis (epulis? acc. to Scal., or belle? Cod. Ber. and Lips. have belli) appellabant.

bellātor, ōris (ancient form duellā-tor, Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; cf. the letter B), m. [bello].

  1. I. A warrior, soldier (as capable of fighting, while miles signifies a soldier by profession; class.): domi bellique duellatores optimi, Plaut. Capt. prol. 68: si tu ad legionem bellator clues, at ego in culinā Ares, id. Truc. 2, 7, 54; id. Mil. 4, 2, 85; id. Trin. 3, 2, 97; id. Curc. 4, 3, 21; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 3; id. Ep. 3, 4, 56; id. Truc. 2, 7, 68; Cic. Balb. 23, 54: quis est, qui aut bellatori, aut imperatori, aut oratori quaerat aliquid, etc., id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53; 4, 19, 43: ecqua pacifica persona desideretur an in bellatore sint omnia, id. Att. 8, 12, 4: adeo Sulla dissimilis fuit bellator ac victor, ut, etc., Vell. 2, 25, 3: primus bellator duxque, Liv. 9, 1, 2: fortes (opp. otiosi urbani), id. 5, 20, 6; 8, 8, 17; 7, 26, 13; 1, 59, 9; Tac. A. 1, 67; 4, 49; Ov. A. A. 3, 359; Juv. 8, 10; 13, 168; Claud. Cons. Stil. 3, 12; Vulg. Isa. 3, 2 al.
    Humorously of champion drinkers, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 5.
  2. II. Esp. (like amator, arator, venator, etc.; v. Zumpt, Gr. § 102; in close apposition with another subst., and taking the place of an adj.), warlike, ready to fight, martial, valorous (mostly poet.): bellator Turnus, Verg. A. 12, 614: bellator deus, the war-god Mars, id. ib. 9, 721.
    So esp. freq. equus, a spirited, mettlesome horse, Verg. G. 2, 145; id. A. 10, 891; 11, 89; Ov. M. 15, 368; id. F. 2, 12; Val. Fl. 2, 385; Tac. G. 14.
    Also absol.: feroci Bellatore sedens, Juv. 7, 127: taurus, Stat. Th. 12, 603.
    Transf., of inanim. things: campus, the field of battle, Stat. Th. 8, 378: ensis, Sil. 13, 376; and of a stone used in play, Ov. A. A. 3, 359.

bellātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [bellator], warlike, martial, useful in warlike expeditions (very rare): jumenta, Amm. 23, 5, 13: pugnax et quasi bellatorius stilus, a pugnacious, polemic style, * Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 7.

bellātrix, īcis, f. [bellator], a female warrior; freq. in close apposition, and taking the place of an adj. (cf. bellator, II.), warlike, skilled in war, serviceable in war (mostly poet.).

  1. I. Lit.: Penthesilea, Verg. A. 1, 493: diva, i. e. Pallas, Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 76: Minerva, id. M. 8, 264: Roma, id. Tr. 2, 321: Hispania, Flor. 2, 6, 38: cohors, Stat. Th. 6, 262: belua, i. e. the elephant, Sil. 9, 576.
    1. B. Transf., of inanim. things: carinae, Stat. Th. 7, 57: glaeba, i. e. producing warriors, Val. Fl. 7, 612: pompa, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 2: aquilae, ensigns, standards, id. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 193.
  2. II. Trop.: ista bellatrix iracundia, this warlike rage, * Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; cf. ira, Claud. in Rufin. 2, 118.

* bellātŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [bellus] (instead of bellulus for the alliteration), pretty, neat: Bella bellatula, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 28.

* bellax, ācis, adj. [bello], warlike, martial: gens, Luc. 4, 406; cf. Prisc. p. 1263 P.

bellē, adv., v. bellus fin.

Bellĕrŏphōn, ontis (Bellĕrŏ-phontes, ae, Aus. Ep. 25 fin.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 118; 6, 288), m., = Βελλεροφῶν, Theocr. (regularly formed Βελλεροφόντης),

  1. I. son of Glaucus and grandson of Sisyphus; he was sent by Prœtus, at the calumnious instigation of his wife Sthenebœa, with a letter to Iobates, in which the latter was requested to put him to death; he received from him the commission to slay the Chimæra, which he executed, riding upon the flying Pegasus, Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63; Hor. C. 3, 7, 15; 3, 12, 7; 4, 11, 28; Manil. 5. 97; Juv. 10, 325; Hyg. Fab. 2; 57; id. Astr. 2, 18; Serv. l. l.; Fulg. Myth. 3, 1.
    Prov. for any one who carries a message unfavorable to himself (cf. Uriah’s letter), Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 12.
    Hence,
  2. II. Bellĕrŏ-phontēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Bellerophon: equus, i. e. Pegasus, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 2: habenae, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 560: sollicitudines, Rutil. Itin. 1, 449.

bellĭcōsus (duellĭc-), a, um, adj. [bellicus], warlike, martial, valorous (mostly poet.; usu. of personal subjects; cf. bellicus): gentes immanes et barbarae et bellicosae, Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33: bellicosissimae nationes, id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; id. Fam. 5, 11, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 10; 4, 1; Sall. J. 18, 12; Nep. Ham. 4, 1; Hor. C. 2. 11, 1; 3, 3, 57: provincia, Caes. B. C. 1, 85; Quint. 1, 10, 20: civitas, Suet. Gram. 1: fortissimus quisque ac bellicosissimus, Tac. G. 15.
Comp., Liv. 37, 8, 4.
Trop.: quod multo bellicosius erat Romanam virtutem ferociamque cepisse, i. e. fortius, Liv. 9, 6, 13: bellicosior annus, a more warlike year, id. 10, 9, 10 (cf. the opp. imbellis annus, id. 10, 1, 4).
Adv. not in use.

‡ bellĭcrĕpa saltātio, an armed dance, a dancing in arms, Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll. (Gr. ἐνόπλιος ὄρχησις); cf. Enn. Ann. v. 105 Vahl.

bellĭcus (duellĭcus), a, um, adj. [bellum], of or pertaining to war, war-, military.

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Lit.: ars duellica, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 14: bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6; Suet. Calig. 43: disciplina, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: jus, id. Off. 3, 29, 107: virtus, id. Mur. 10, 22: laus, military glory, id. Brut. 21, 84; Caes. B. G. 6, 24: laudes, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 78: gloria, Tac. A. 1, 52: caerimoniae, Liv. 1, 32, 5: certamina, Flor. 4, 12, 58: ignis, proceeding from the enemy, Liv. 30, 5, 8: tubicen, Ov. M. 3, 705: rostra, Tib. 2, 3, 40: navis, Prop. 2 (3), 15, 43: turba, id. 3 (4), 14, 13: parma, id. 2 (3), 25, 8: nomina, appellatives obtained by valorous deeds in war (as Africanus, Asiaticus, Macedonicus, etc.), Flor. 3, 8, 1: nubes, the misfortune of war, Claud. Laus. Seren. 196: columella. Fest. p. 27; cf. Bellona.
      Hence, subst.: bellĭcum, i, n., a signal for march or for the beginning of an attack (given by the trumpet); always in the connection bellicum canere, to give the signal for breaking up camp, for an attack, for commencing hostilities: Philippum, ubi primum bellicum cani audisset, arma capturum, at the first signal will be ready to take arms, etc., Liv 35, 18, 6: simul atque aliqui motus novus bellicum canere coepit, causes the war-trumpet to sound, Cic. Mur. 14, 30; Just. 12, 15, 11; App de Mundo, p. 71, 37.
    2. B. Trop.: idem bellicum me cecinisse dicunt. aroused, incited, Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 3.
      And of fiery, inflammatory discourse: alter (Thucydides) incitatior fertur et de bellicis rebus canit etiam quodammodo bellicum, sounds the alarm, Cic. Or 12, 39: non eosdem modos adhibent, cum bellicum est canendum, et cum posito genu supplicandum est, Quint. 9, 4, 11; 10, 1, 33.
  2. II. Transf., poet., = bellicosus, warlike, fierce in war: Pallas, Ov. M. 5, 46: dea, id. ib. 2, 752; id. F. 3, 814: virgo, id. M. 4, 754: Mars, id. F. 3, 1: deus, i.e. Romulus, id. ib. 2, 478: civitas, devoted to war, Vell. 2, 38, 3.
    Of animals: equorum duellica proles, * Lucr. 2, 661.

Bellĭēnus, i, m., a Roman cognomen.

  1. I. C. Annius Bellienus, a lieutenant of Fonteius, Cic. Font. 8, 18 (4, 8).
  2. II. L. Bellienus, a friend of Pompey, Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2: 16, 22, 2.
  3. III. C. Bellienus, an advocate, Cic. Brut. 47, 175.

* bellĭfer, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [bellum-fero], making war, warlike: Italia, Claud. Eutr, 1, 429.

bellĭger, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [bellum-gero],

  1. I. waging war, warlike, martial, valiant (poet.; esp. freq. in the post-Aug. per.): gentes, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 13: viri, Sil. 3, 124: Augustus, Claud. in Prob. et Olybr Cons. 74: Hannibal, Sil. 1, 38: numen, i.e. Mars, Stat. Achill. 1, 504: fera, i.e. the elephant used in war, Sil. 8, 261.
  2. II. Of inanim things: manus, Ov A. A. 2, 672 ensis, id. M 3, 534: hasta, Mart. 5, 25: acies, Stat. Th. 12, 717: tropaea, id. ib. 10, 28: mens, Sil 3, 162: currus, id. 1, 434: axis, id. 17, 491: ars, id. 8, 261: labores, Val. Fl. 5, 617: lusus, Claud. VI. Cons Hon. 621

bellĭgĕrātor, ōris, m. [belligero], a warrior, combatant (post-class. and rare): Arimaspae, Avien. Perieg. 55; Ven. Vit. Mart. 3, 370; Vulg. 1 Macc. 15, 13; 16, 4.

bellĭgĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (bellĭ-gĕror, āri, v. dep., Hyg. Fab. 274 fin.) [bellum-gero],

  1. I. to wage or carry on war, to fight (very rare): nec cauponantes bellum, sed belligerantes, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 201 Vahl.); Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 39: postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aliis, Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; id. Truc. 2, 7, 67: excitandus nobis erit ab inferis quoniam nobis non solum cum his … sed etiam cum fortunā belligerandum fuit, * Cic. Red. Quir. 8, 19 (but ap. Cic. Font. 16, 36, the true read. is in bello gerendo, B. and K.): cum Gallis tumultuatum verius quam belligeratum, Liv. 21, 16, 4: adversum accolas, Tac. A. 4, 46; 2, 5; 3, 73; Suet. Aug. 94.
  2. II. Trop.: cum Geniis suis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 81: cum fortunā, Cic. Red. Quir. 8, 21.

belligĕror, āri, v. belligero init.

bellĭo, ōnis, f., the yellow ox-eye daisy: Chrysanthemum segetum, Linn.; Plin. 21, 8, 25, § 49.

bellĭpŏtens, entis, adj. [bellum-potens], mighty or valiant in war (poet. and rare): bellipotentes sunt magis quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.).
Subst.: Bellipotens, i. e. Mars, Verg. A. 11, 8: diva, i. e. Pallas, Stat. Th. 2, 715; so Val. Fl. 1, 529; Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 144; id. Laus Seren. 40; Tert. cont. Jud. 9; Firm. p. 27.

bellis, ĭdis, f., the white daisy, ox-eye: Bellis perennis, Linn.; Plin. 26, 5, 13, § 26; App. Herb. 57.

* bellĭsŏnus, a, um, adj. [bellum-sono], sounding of war: flumen, Paul. Nol. Natal. S. Fel. 8, 23 fin.

‡ bellĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [bellus], beauty, loveliness, Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll.

Bellĭus, i, m., a shortened form of the name Duellius, Cic. Or. 45, 153; Quint. 1, 4, 15.

bello, āvi, ātum, āre, 1, v. n. [bellum].

  1. I. Prop., to wage or carry on war, to war, to fight in war (class.; cf.: milito, proelior).
    1. A. Absol.: fuit proprium populi Romani longe a domo bellare, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; 13, 36; id. Mur. 14, 32: homines bellandi cupidi, Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Nep. Ham. 3, 1; id. Hann. 2, 1: Romana arma primum Claudio principo in Mauretaniā bellavere, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 11: verens, ne bellare perseveraret, Nep. Them. 5, 1: neque prius bellare destitit, quam, etc., id. Epam. 8, 5; Auct. B. Afr. 61: populus jam octingesimum bellans annum, Liv. 9, 18, 9; 40, 47, 3; 42, 59, 10: bellante prior, jacentem Lenis in hostem, Hor. C. S. 51: ad bellandum profecti, Tac. H. 2, 40.
    2. B. With prepp.
      1. 1. With cum: cum Poenis, Cic. Verr 2, 4, 33, § 72: cum diis, id. Sen. 2, 5: cum Ennio, id. Arch. 11, 27; Nep. Hann. 1, 3; id. Timol. 2, 3; Liv. 6, 42, 4; 9, 41, 4; Curt. 8, 12, 12.
      2. 2. With adversum or adversus: adversum patrem tuum, Nep. Them. 9, 2: adversus Gentium, Liv. 44, 30, 1.
      3. 3. With contra: has contra, Val. Fl. 6, 373.
      4. 4. With de: de eo olim, Tac. A. 12, 60.
      5. 5. With pro: pro Samnitibus adversus Romanos, Liv. 9, 42, 9.
      6. 6. With inter se, Curt. 9, 4, 15.
    3. C. With dat. (poet.; cf. Gr. πολεμεῖν τινι): magno parenti, Stat. Th. 8, 506; cf. Sil. 9, 503.
    4. D. Impers. pass.: quod in Italiā bellabatur, Liv. 29, 26, 4; 43, 4, 5: bellatum cum Gallis eo anno, Liv. 6, 42, 5.
    5. E. With acc. (cf. Gr. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν): hoc bellum a consulibus bellatum quidam auctores sunt, conducted by, Liv. 8, 39, 16 (8, 40, 1).
  2. II. Transf., poet., in gen., to fight, contend: quem quoniam prohibent anni bellare, loquendo Pugnat, Ov. M. 5, 101.
    Esp., with abl. of weapon, etc. (rare): ense, Sil. 3, 235: manu, id. 8, 498: nec caestu bellare minor, Stat. Th. 6, 829; Claud. Ep. 1, 30; cf. bellor

Bellocassi, ōrum (also Velocasses, ium, Caes. B. G 2, 4, and Velliocasses, Hirt. B. G. 8, 7), m., a people on the right bank of the Seine, from the mouth of the Oise to the town Le Pont de l’Arche, Caes. B. G. 7, 75

Bellōna (old form Duellōna; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 49 Müll., and the letter B), ae. f. [Bellona a bello nunc, quae Duellona a duello, Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Müll.]: ’Ενυώ, ’Εριννύς, θεὰ πολεμική, Gloss., the goddess of war, sister of Mars, whose temple, built by Appius Claudius Cœcus (Inscr. Orell. 539). in the ninth district of the city, was situated not far from the Circus Maximus, Publ. Vict. Descr. Urb.
A place of assemblage for the Senate for proceedings with persons who were not allowed entrance into the city, Liv. 26, 21, 1; 28, 9, 5; 30, 21, 12 al.; Verg. A. 8, 703; Hor. S. 2, 3, 223: Bellona dicebatur dea bellorum, ante cujus templum erat columella, quae Bellica vocabatur, super quam hastam jaciebant, cum bellum indicebatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 33 Müll.; cf. Ov. F. 6, 201 sq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 53: cos. SENATVM. CONSOLVERVNT. N. OCTOB. APVD. AEDEM. DVELONAI., S. C. Bacch., v. Append.; Plaut. Am. prol. 43; Ov. M. 5, 155; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1313; Claud. in Prob. et Olybr. Cons. 121; id. in Ruf. 1, 342; 2, 263; id. IV. Cons. Hon. 12; Eutr. 1, 314; 2, 110; 2, 145; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 371; id. B. Get. 34; 466; Petr. 124, 256; Inscr. Orell. 1903; 2316. Her priests (turba entheata Bellonae, Mart. 12, 57, 11: Bellōnārii, ōrum, Acron. ad Hor. S. 2, 3, 223 dub.) and priestesses were accustomed, in their mystic festivals. especially on the 20th of March (hence dies sanguinis, Treb. Claud. 6; cf. Inscr. Orell. 2318), to gash their arms and shoulders with knives, and thus to offer their blood, Tib. 1, 6, 45 sq.; Juv. 4, 123; Luc. 1, 565; Tert. Apol. 9; Lact. 1, 21, 16; Min. Fel. Oct. 30, 5.

bellōnārĭa, ae, f., the plant solanum, used by the priests at the festival of Bellona (v. Bellona), App. Herb. 74.

Bellōnārii, v. Bellona.

bellor, āri, 1, dep. (collat. form of bello), to carry on war, to war, to fight (poet.): et pictis bellantur Amazones armis, Verg. A. 11, 660: et nudis bellantur equis, Sil. 2, 349; cf. Non. p. 472, 9; Prisc. 8, 4, 24, p. 796 P.

* bellōsus, a, um, adj. [bellum], warlike: genus, Caecil. ap. Non. p. 80, 33.

Bellŏvăci, ōrum, m., = Βελλοάκοι, Strab.; Βελλούακοι, Ptol., a people in Gallia Belgica, in the modern Beauvais, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 2, 13; 7, 59; 7, 75; Hirt. B. G. 8, 7; 8, 14; Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 106.

bellua, bellualis, -ilis, -inus, v. belua, etc.

bellŭlē, adv., v. bellulus fin.

bellŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [bellus], pretty, fine, lovely, beautiful (ante- and post-class.); edepol haec quidem bellula est, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 43; id. Cas. 4, 4, 22; id. Poen. 1, 2, 134; Inscr. Murat. 1514, 3.
Adv.: bellŭlē, prettily, finely, etc., Plaut. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 36 Müll.; App. M. 10, p. 246, 23; 11, p. 272, 34.

bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Müll.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.

  1. I. Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoriā contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Müll.: bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes … Postea mutatā litterā dictum bellum, Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.): legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35: quae domi duellique male fecisti, id. As. 3, 2, 13.
    So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents: quique agent rem duelli, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21: aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta, id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws): puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so, quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est, id. 22, 10, 2: victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit, id. 23, 11, 2: si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit, id. 36, 2, 2; and from an ancient inscription’ duello magno dirimendo, etc., id. 40, 52, 5.
    Poet.: hic … Pacem duello miscuit, Hor. C. 3, 5, 38: cadum Marsi memorem duelli, id. ib. 3, 14, 18: vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit, id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169
  2. II. Form bellum.
    1. A. War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
      1. 1. Specifying the enemy.
        1. a. By adjj. denoting the nation: omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124: aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum, id. Ac. 2, 5, 13: Britannicum bellum, id. Att. 4, 16, 13: Gallicum, id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35: Germanicum, Caes. B. G. 3, 28: Sabinum, Liv. 1, 26, 4: Parthicum, Vell. 2, 46, 2; similarly: bellum piraticum, the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.
          Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy: Sertorianum bellum, Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18: Mithridaticum, id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7: Jugurthinum, Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1; similarly: bellum regium, the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50.
          Or it refers to the theatre of the war: bellum Africanum, Transalpinum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: Asiaticum, id. ib. 22, 64: Africum, Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.: Actiacum, Vell. 2, 86, 3: Hispaniense, id. 2, 55, 2.
        2. b. With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6: Venetorum, Caes. B. G. 3, 16: Helvetiorum, id. ib. 1, 40 fin.; 1, 30: Ambiorigis, id. ib. 6, 29, 4: Pyrrhi, Philippi, Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17: Samnitium, Liv. 7, 29, 2.
        3. c. With cum and abl. of the name.
          1. (α) Attributively: cum Jugurthā, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60: belli causā cum Samnitibus, Liv. 7, 29, 3: hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit, id. 33, 35, 12: novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum, id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.
          2. (β) With cum dependent on the verb: quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis, Plaut. Capt. prol. 59: novi consules … duo bella habuere … alterum cum Tiburtibus, Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. α infra.
        4. d. With adversus and acc. of the name.
          1. (α) Attributively: bellum adversus Philippum, Liv. 31, 1, 8: bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit, id. 8, 29, 6.
          2. (β) With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18: ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum, id. 45, 11, 8: bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat, Nep. Dat. 8, 5.
        5. e. With contra and acc.: cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras … non comparari, sed geri jam viderem, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1: causam belli contra patriam inferendi, id. ib. 2, 22, 53.
        6. f. With in and acc. (very rare): Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes, Nep. Lys. 1, 1.
        7. g. With inter and acc.: hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit, Liv. 45, 9, 2.
        8. h. With apud and acc.: secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam, Nep. Att. 9, 1.
        9. k. With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. κ infra.
      2. 2. With verbs.
        1. a. Referring to the beginning of the war.
          1. (α) Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war: summa erat observatio in bello movendo, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37: bellum commotum a Scapulā, id. Fam. 9, 13, 1: nuntiabant alii … in Apuliā servile bellum moveri, Sall. C. 30, 2: is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius … annos movit, Liv. 1, 53, 2: insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum, id. 4, 58, 6: dii pium movere bellum, id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so, concitare, Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere (poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.
          2. (β) Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war: cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3: bellum utrimque summopere parabatur, Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. β supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so, parare alicui, Nep. Alcib. 9, 5: bellum terrā et mari comparat, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3: tantum bellum … Cn. Pompeius extremā hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, mediā aestate confecit, id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5: bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum, Liv. 4, 55, 7: numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello, Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.
          3. (γ) Bellum differre, to postpone a war: nec jam poterat bellum differri, Liv. 2, 30, 7: mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum, id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.
          4. (δ) Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Cæsar): omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere, Sall. J. 83, 1: prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere, id. ib. 20, 5: de integro bellum sumit, id. ib. 62, 9: iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat, Liv. 38, 19, 3: sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri, Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.
            (ε) Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war: bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80: suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc., id. ib. 1, 11, 35: judicavit a plerisque ignoratione … bellum esse susceptum, join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra): cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello, undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14: senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet, id. 6, 9, 5: bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit, Vell. 2, 3, 3.
            (ζ) Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare): consensit et senatus bellum, Liv. 8, 6, 8: bellum erat consensum, id. 1, 32, 12.
            (η) Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war: sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum, Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18: populus Romanus consuli … bellum gerendum dedit, id. ib.: cur non … eidem … hoc quoque bellum regium committamus? id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50: Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat, Liv. 5, 26, 3: Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum, id. 6, 22, 6: Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum, id. 7, 23, 2: quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44: cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia, id. ib. 16, 49: hunc toti bello praefecerunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.: alicui bellum suscipiendum dare, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58: bellum administrandum permittere, id. ib. 21, 61.
            (θ) Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego … populo Hermundulo … bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis … Latinis bellum indico facioque, Liv. 1, 32, 13: Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non? Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17: ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum, id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35: bellum indici posse existimabat, Liv. 1, 22, 4: ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos, id. 1, 22, 6: ut … nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus … descripsit quo res repetuntur, id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.
            (κ) Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against (with), to make war on: Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti, Cic. Pis. 34, 84: ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere, id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79: qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent, Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248: bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79: bellum patriae faciet, id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22: civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam, Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2; 3, 29: constituit bellum facere, Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2: occupant bellum facere, they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4: ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret, id. 1, 32, 13: populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit, id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.
            Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war: urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit, Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.
            Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca’s time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.
            (λ) Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins: subito bellum in Galliā ex, ortum est, Caes. B. G. 3, 7: aliud multo propius bellum ortum, Liv. 1, 14, 4: Veiens bellum exortum, id. 2, 53, 1.
        2. b. Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.: bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis … cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero, Cic. Sen. 6, 18: cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur, id. Off. 1, 12, 38: cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset, id. Div. 1, 46, 103: erant hae difficultates belli gerendi, Caes. B. G. 3, 10: bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit, id. ib. 4, 6: Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat, Sall. C. 16, 5: bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere, Liv. 21, 1, 1: alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit, id. 2, 62, 3: de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur, id. 23, 25, 5: Chabrias bella in Aegypto suā sponte gessit, Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.
          Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1.
          Also (very rare): bellum bellare, Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.); in the same sense: bellum agere, Nep. Hann. 8, 3.
          As a synonym: bello persequi aliquem, Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.
          1. (β) Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war: necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc., Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2: bellum trahi non posse, Sall. J. 23, 2: belli trahendi causā, Liv. 5, 11, 8: morae quā trahebant bellum paenitebat, id. 9, 27, 5: suadere institui ut bellum duceret, Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2: bellum enim ducetur, id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4; similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet? Liv. 5, 5, 1.
          2. (γ) Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one’s self against a war: bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum, Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32: quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit, Caes. B. G. 1, 44: Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum, Liv. 8, 37, 5.
        3. c. Referring to the end of a war.
          1. (α) Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war: in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus, Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34: (bellum) cum deponi victores velint, Sall. J. 83, 1: bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat, Liv. 31, 1, 8: nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus, id. 31, 31, 19: dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni, Sall. J. 112, 1: bellum grave cum Etruriā positum est, id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch: velut posito bello, Liv. 1, 53, 5: manere bellum quod positum simuletur, id. 1, 53, 7: posito ubique bello, Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291: omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam … mittit, Liv. 2, 14, 5.
          2. (β) Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace: timerent ne bellum componeretur, Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3: si bellum compositum foret, Sall. J. 97, 2: belli componendi licentiam, id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109; similarly: bellum sedare, Nep. Dat. 8, 5.
          3. (γ) Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success: is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit, Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2: bellumque maximum conficies, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11: confecto Mithridatico bello, id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42: quo proelio … bellum Venetorum confectum est, Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28; 4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est, Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3: neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse, Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6; 36, 2, 3: bello perfecto, Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3: se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum), id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11: neque desiturum ante … quam finitum aliquā tolerabili condicione bellum videro, Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maximā parte.. italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.
        4. d. Less usual connections: bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit, Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4: alere ac fovere bellum, Liv. 42, 11, 5: bellum navare alicui, Tac. H. 5, 25: spargere, id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682: serere, Liv. 21, 10, 4: circumferre, Tac. A. 13, 37: exercere, id. ib. 6, 31: quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17: bellum ascendit in rupes, id. 4, 12, 4: bellum serpit in proximos, id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15: bella narrare, Cic. Or. 9, 30: canere bella, Quint. 10, 1, 91: bella legere, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.
      3. 3. As object denoting place or time.
        1. a. Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
          1. (α) Of the commander: consul sortitu ad bellum profectus, Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33: ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus, Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4: ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur, Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch.
            Post-class.: in bellum, Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.
          2. (β) Of persons partaking in a war: si proficiscerer ad bellum, Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1.
        2. b. Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.
        3. c. In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182: in bella sequi, id. ib. 8, 547.
        4. d. Of time.
          1. (α) In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque): valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores, Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so, domi duellique, id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra): quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85: paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur, Sall. J. 41, 7: animus belli ingens, domi modicus, id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.: bello domique, id. 1, 34, 12: domi belloque, id. 9, 26, 21; and: neque bello, neque domi, id. 4, 35, 3.
            Without domi: simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf. Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris … belli gerebantur, Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.
          2. (β) In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.: ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22: in ipso bello eadem sensi, id. Marcell. 5, 14: in Volsco bello virtus enituit, Liv. 2, 24, 8: in eo bello, id. 23, 46, 6: in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano, id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.
            Without adj.: ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius, Plaut. Capt. prol. 25: qui in bello occiderunt, Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2: quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc., Sall. C. 9, 4: non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace, Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2: in bello parta, Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.
          3. (γ) Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124: bello Italico, id. Pis. 36, 87: Veienti bello, id. Div. 1, 44, 100: domestico bello, id. Planc. 29, 70: qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello, Liv. 23, 12, 11: victor tot intra paucos dies bellis, id. 2, 27, 1: nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus, id. 9, 18, 9: bello civili, Quint. 11, 1, 36.
            With gen.: praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6: suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam, Caes. B. G. 1, 40.
            Without attrib.: qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit, Cic. Sest. 26, 57: res pace belloque gestas, Liv. 2, 1, 1: egregieque rebus bello gestis, id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11: ludi bello voti, id. 4, 35. 3: princeps pace belloque, id. 7, 1, 9: Cotyn bello juvisse Persea, id. 45, 42, 7: bello parta, Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.
          4. (δ) Inter bellum (rare): cujus originis morem necesse est … inter bellum natum esse, Liv. 2, 14, 2: inter haec bella consules … facti, id. 2, 63, 1.
      4. 4. Bellum in attributive connection.
        1. a. Justum bellum.
          1. (α) A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. θ supra): justum piumque bellum, Liv. 1, 23, 4: non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum, id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causā suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.
          2. (β) A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.): in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli, Liv. 1, 15, 1.
        2. b. For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terrā marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.
        3. c. Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war: quicunque belli eventus fuisset, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24: haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant, Sall. C. 37, 9: eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit, Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1: exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli, Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1: cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli, id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8, [??]: Britannici belli exitus exspectatur, id. Att. 4, 16, 13: cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant, Liv. 5, 16, 8.
        4. d. Fortuna belli, the chances of war: adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut, Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).
        5. e. Belli artes, military skill: cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloriā par, Liv. 1, 35, 1: haud ignotas belli artes, id. 21, 1, 2: temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas, id. 1, 21, 6.
        6. f. Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights (law) of war: in re publicā maxime servanda sunt jura belli, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34: sunt et belli sicut pacis jura, Liv. 5, 27, 6: jure belli res vindicatur, Gai. Inst. 3, 94.
        7. g. Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7: trium simul bellorum victor, a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.: victor tot bellis, id. 2, 27, 1).
        8. h. Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Of things concr. and abstr.: qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis … bellum intulistis, Cic. Dom. 23, 60: bellum contra aras et focos, id. Phil. 3, 1, 1: miror cur philosophiae … bellum indixeris, id. Or. 2, 37, 155: ventri Indico bellum, Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.
      2. 2. Of animals: milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo, Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125: hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum, Ov. M. 6, 92.
      3. 3. With individuals: quid mihi opu’st … cum eis gerere bellum, etc., Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14: nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quīcum familiariter vixeris, Cic. Lael. 21, 77: cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum, id. Sull. 9, 28: hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum, Liv. 2, 12, 11: falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur, id. 3, 25, 3: tribunicium domi bellum patres territat, id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.
        Ironically: equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit, Cic. Cael. 28, 67.
      4. 4. In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.
      5. 5. Personified as god of war ( = Janus): tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent, Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27: sunt geminae Belli portae, etc., Verg. A. 7, 607: mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum, id. ib. 6, 279.
      6. 6. Plur.: bella, army (poet.): permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum), Ov. M. 12, 24: sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora, Sil. 7, 472: quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis? Stat. Th. 9, 490.
      7. 7. Battle, = proelium: rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante, Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92: quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui … tardius, revocati, bello excesserant, Sall. C. 9, 4: praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit, Liv. 8, 10, 7: commisso statim bello, Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2: Actia bella, Verg. A. 8, 675: ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent, id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666.
      8. 8. Bellum = liber de bello: quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius! Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

belluōsus, v. beluosus.

bellus, a, um, adj. [as if for benulus, from benus = bonus, Prisc. p. 556 P.].

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Of persons, pretty, handsome, charming, fine, lovely, neat, pleasant, agreeable, etc. (of persons, things, actions, etc.; most freq. in the ante-class. per. and in the poets; in Cic. mostly in his epistt.): uxor, Varr. ap. Non. p. 248, 17: nimis bella es atque amabilis, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 84; id. Rud. 2, 5, 6; Cat. 8, 16; 43, 6: puella, id. 69, 8; 78, 4; Ov. Am. 1, 9, 6; Mart. 1, 65; 2, 87: Piliae et puellae Caeciliae bellissimae salutem dices, Cic. Att. 6, 4, 3: fui ego bellus (civil, courtly, polite), lepidus, bonus vir numquam, Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 3: hospes, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 111; Cat. 24, 7; 78, 3; 81, 2: durius accipere hoc mihi visus est quam homines belli solent, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4: homo et bellus et humanus, id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Cicero bellissimus tibi salutem plurimam dicit, id. Fam. 14, 7, 3.
      Also active, brisk, lively, as the effect of health, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 20: fac bellus revertare, Cic. Fam. 16, 18, 1.
    2. B. Of things, places, etc.: socius es hostibus, socius bellum ita geris, ut bella omnia (every thing beautiful, costly) domum auferas, Varr. ap. Non. p. 248, 19: unum quicquid, quod quidem erit bellissimum, Carpam, * Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 51: vinum bellissimum, Col. 12, 19, 2: nimis hic bellus atque ut esse maxume optabam locu’st, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 74: illum pueris locum esse bellissimum duximus, Cic. Att. 5, 17, 3: bella copia, id. Rep. 2, 40, 67: recordor, quam bella paulisper nobis gubernantibus civitas fuerit, in what a pleasant condition the State was, id. Att. 4, 16, 10: malae tenebrae Orci, quae omnia bella devoratis, Cat. 3, 14: subsidium bellissimum existimo esse senectuti otium, Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255: (epistula) valde bella, id. Att. 4, 6, 4: occasio bellissima, Petr. 25: fama, * Hor. S. 1, 4, 114: quam sit bellum cavere malum, how delightful, pleasant it is, Cic. de Or 1, 58, 247: bellissimum putaverunt dicere amissas (esse litteras), thought it best, i. e. safest, most plausible, id. Fl. 17, 39; cf.: bella haec pietatis et quaestuosa simulatio, fine, plausible, id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145: mihi jampridem venit in mentem, bellum esse, aliquo exire, id. Fam. 9, 2, 3; id. Att. 13, 49, 2; Cod. 6, 35, 11.
  2. II. Esp.
    1. A. Gallant, etc.: illam esse amicam tui viri bellissimi, Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 27; cf.: Gallus homo’st bellus: nam dulces jungit amores, Cat. 78, 3.
    2. B. For bonus, good: venio nunc ad alterum genus testamenti, quod dicitur physicon, in quo Graeci belliores quam Romani nostri, Varr. ap. Non. p. 77, 30 (Sat. Menipp. 87, 3).
      Hence, bellē, adv., prettily, neatly, becomingly, finely, excellently, well, delightfully, etc.: quare bene et praeclare, quamvis nobis saepe dicatur; belle et festive, nimium saepe nolo, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101; cf. id. Quint. 30, 93; so Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 35; * Lucr. 1, 644; Cic. Att. 1, 1, 5; 16, 3, 4; Quint. 6, 3, 48 al.: quod honeste aut sine detrimento nostro promittere non possumus … belle negandum est, in a courtly, polite manner, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 45; so Publ. Syr. ap. Gell. 17, 14, 10: belle se habere, Cic. Att. 12, 37: belle habere (cf.: εὖ, καλῶς ἔχειν), to be in good health, be well, id. Fam. 9, 9, 1; so, bellissime esse, id. Att. 14, 14, 1: facere, in medical lang., to operate well, to have a good effect, Cato, R. R. 157; Scrib. Comp. 136; 150 (cf. the uses of bene).
      With bellus: i sane, bella belle, Plaut. As. 3, 8, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 35 (cf.: καλὴ καλῶς, Av. Ach. 253).
      Ellipt., belle, for belle habere: sed ut ad epistolas tuas redeam, cetera belle, illud miror, the others are well or right, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 2.
      Sup.: haec ipsa fero equidem fronte, ut puto, et voltu bellissime, sed angor intimis sensibus, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 3; id. Fam. 14, 14, 1: navigare, id. ib. 16, 9, 1 al. (comp. perh. not in use).

‡ bellūtus, v. belutus.

‡ belluus, v. beluus.

bēlo, v. balo init.

* bĕlŏăcŏs or bĕlŏtŏcŏs, a plant, also called dictamnus, App. Herb. 62.

† bĕlŏnē, ēs, f., = βελόνη, a sea-fish, also called acus, hornpike, garfish, Plin. 9, 51, 76, § 166.

bēlŭa (not bellŭa), ae, f. (belua, dissyl., Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 26) [perh. kindr. with θήρ, fera, as uber with οὖθαρ, and paulus with παῦρος],

  1. I. a beast distinguished for size or ferocity, a monster (as an elephant, lion, wild boar, whale, etc.; cf.: bestia, fera): elephanto beluarum nulla prudentior, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97; id. Fam. 7, 1, 3; Curt. 8, 9, 29: ea genera beluarum, quae in Rubro Mari Indiāve gignantur, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97: singulas stellas numeras deos, eosque beluarum nomine appellas, id. ib. 3, 16, 40; cf. * Lucr. 4, 143: fera et immanis, Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108: vasta et immanis, id. Div. 1, 24, 49: saeva, Hor. C. 1, 12, 22: ingens, id. S. 2, 3, 316: centiceps, id. C. 2, 13, 34 al.
    1. B. Esp. freq., κατ’ ἐξοχἠν, the elephant, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25 Ruhnk.: jam beluarum terror exoleverat, Flor. 1, 18, 9; cf. Graev. ib. 2, 6, 49; Sil. 11, 543: quis (gladiis) appetebant beluarum manus, Curt. 8, 14, 33 al.
      Hence with the epithets, Inda, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 7: Gaetula, Juv. 10, 158.
  2. II. Sometimes, in gen., a beast, animal (even of small and tame animals): quo quidem agno sat scio magis curiosam nusquam esse ullam beluam, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 26.
    The lower animals, as distinguished from man: quantum natura hominis pecudibus reliquisque beluis antecedat, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 105; 2, 5, 16 and 17; id. N. D. 2, 39, 99; 2, 47, 122.
  3. III. Trop.
    1. A. As a term of reproach, beast, brute (class.), Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112; id. Most. 3, 1, 78; id. Rud. 2, 6, 59: age nunc, belua, Credis huic quod dicat? Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 37; id. Phorm. 4, 2, 11: sed quid ego hospitii jura in hac immani beluā commemoro? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109: beluae quaedam illae immanes ac ferae, forma hominum indutae, exstiterunt, id. Sull. 27, 76; id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Phil. 8, 4, 13; id. Leg. 3, 9, 22; id. Off. 3, 6, 32; Liv. 7, 10, 3.
    2. B. Of abstract objects: quod, ut feram et inmanem beluam, sic ex animis nostris adsensionem extraxisset, Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108: amicos increpans, ut ignaros, quanta belua esset imperium, Suet. Tib. 24: avaritia, belua fera, Sall. Rep. Ordin. 2, 54 (p. 274 Gerl.).

* bēlŭālis (bell-), e, adj. [belua], bestial, brutish: educatio, Macr. S. 5, 11, 15.

* bēlŭātus (bell-), a, um, adj. [belua], ornamented or embroidered with figures of animals: tapetia, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 14.

bēlŭīlis (bell-), e, adj. [belua], bestial, brutal (post-class.): beluile θηριῶδες, Gloss. Philox.: beluile saevientes, Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. M. 3, 88; 3, 55.

bēlŭīnus (bell-), a, um, adj. [belua], brutal, bestial, animal (post-class.): voluptates, Gell. 19, 2, 2: fauces, Prud. Cath. 7, 114: pars corporis, Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. 3, 54.

Bēlūnum, i, n., the capital city of a people of Venetia, now Belluno, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 110; Inscr. Orell. 69; 3549.

bēlŭōsus (bell-), a, um, adj. [belua], abounding in beasts or monsters: Oceanus, * Hor. C. 4, 14, 47; so Avien. Ora Marit. 204.

Bēlus, i, m., = Βῆλος; Heb. [??].

  1. I. An Asiatic king of a primitive age, builder of Babylon and founder of the Babylonian kingdom, Verg. A. 1, 621; 1, 729 sq.: priscus, Ov. M. 4, 213 (like Βῆλος ὁ ἀρχαῖος, Aelian. V. H. 13, 3).
  2. II. An Indian deity, compared with Hercules of the Greeks, Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42; cf. Robinson, Dict., under [??].
  3. III. A king of Egypt, father of Danaus and Ægyptus.
  4. IV. Derivv.
    1. A. Bēlīdes, ae (for the length of the i, cf. Prisc. p. 584 P.), m., = Βηλίδης, a male descendant of Belus: Belidae fratres, i. e. Danaus and Ægyptus, Stat. Th. 6, 291: surge, age, Belide, de tot modo fratribus unus, i. e. Lynceus, son of Ægyptus, Ov. H. 14, 73: Palamedes, Verg. A. 2, 82 (septimo gradu a Belo originem ducens, Serv.).
    2. B. Bēlis, ĭdis, f., and usu. in plur., Bēlĭdĕs, um, the granddaughters of Belus, the Belides, = Danaides (v. Danaus), Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 62; id. A. A. 1, 74; id. M. 4, 463; 10, 44.
    3. C. Bēlĭăs, ădis, f., = Belis, Sen. Herc. Oet. 961.
  5. V. Beli oculus, a precious stone, cat’s-eye, a species of onyx, Plin. 37, 10, 55, § 149.
  6. VI. A river of Galilee, on the borders of Phœnicia, now Nahr Naaman, Plin. 5, 19, 17, § 75; Tac. H. 5, 7.

‡ bēlūtus (bell-), a, um: bestiae similis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 34 Müll.

‡ bēlŭus (bell-), a, um, = beluinus, Gloss. Isid.