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† spŏdĭum, ii, n., = σπόδιον.

  1. I. Lit., the dross of metals, slag, scoria, Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 170; 34, 18, 52, § 172.
  2. II. Transf., ashes of vegetable matter, Plin. 23, 4, 38, § 76.

† spŏdos, i, f., = σποδός, dross, slag, scoria, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 128 sqq.

Spōlētĭum (afterwards called also Spōlētum; cf. Prisc. p. 592 P.; but whether so as early as the class. period is doubtful, owing to the uncertainty of the readings in the MSS. of Livy, Suetonius, and Florus; cf. Duk. ad Flor. 3, 21, 27), ii, n., a city of Umbria, now Spoleto, Liv. 22, 9; 24, 10; 45, 43; id. Epit. 20; Vell. 1, 14 fin.; Flor. 3, 21, 27; Suet. Vesp. 1; id. Gram. 21; Aur. Vict. Ep. 31.
Hence,

  1. A. Spōlē-tīnus, a um, adj., of or belonging to Spoletium: populus, Cic. Balb. 21, 48: Spoletinus T. Matrinius, id. ib. 21, 48; so, P. Cominius Spoletinus, id. Brut. 78, 271: lagenae, i. e. wine of Spoletium (of excellent quality), Mart. 13, 120; cf. absol.: Spoletina bibis, Spoletian wine, id. 14, 116.
    Subst.: Spō-lētīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Spoletium, Liv. 27, 10; 45, 43 fin.; Plin. 3, 14, 19, § 114.—‡
  2. B. Spōlētānus, a, um, adj., of Spoletium, acc. to Prisc. p. 592 P.

spŏlĭābĭlis, e, adj. [spolio], that can be stripped off (late Lat.), Mar. Mercat. Nestor Serm. 12, 2.

spŏlĭārĭum, ii, n. [spolium] (postAug.).

  1. I. Lit., a place in the amphitheatre where the clothes were stripped from the slain gladiators who were dragged thither, Sen. Ep. 93, 10; Lampr. Commod. 18, 3; 19, 3.
  2. II. Transf., a den of robbers or murderers, a cutthroat place, Sen. Prov. 3, 7; id. Contr. 5, 33; Plin. Pan. 36, 1.

spŏlĭātĭo, ōnis, f. [spolio], a pillaging, robbing, plundering, spoliation (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: in tantā spoliatione omnium rerum, Cic. Sest. 21, 47: sacrorum, Liv. 29, 8, 9.
    Plur.: spoliationes fanorum atque oppidorum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Agr. 1, 3, 9.
  2. II. Trop.: consulatūs, Cic. Mur. 40, 87: dignitatis, id. Phil. 2, 11, 27.

spŏlĭātor, ōris, m. [spolio], a robber, pillager, plunderer, spoiler (rare but class.): eorum (monumentorum), * Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80: templi, Liv. 29, 18, 15: pupilli, Juv. 1, 46.

spŏlĭātrix, īcis, f. [spoliator], she that robs, pillages, or spoils: Venus spoliatrix, * Cic. Cael. 21, 52: amica, Mart. 4, 29, 5.

spŏlĭātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of spolio.

spŏlĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [spolium], to strip, to deprive of covering, rob of clothing.

  1. I. In gen. (rare but class.; syn. exuo): Phalarim vestitu spoliare, Cic. Off. 3, 6, 29: consules spoliari hominem et virgas expediri jubent, Liv. 2, 55 Drak.; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86: Papirius spoliari magistrum equitum ac virgas et secures expediri jussit, Liv. 8, 32; cf. also, Val. Max. 2, 7, 8: corpus caesi hostis, Liv. 7, 26: cadaver, Luc. 7, 627: Gallum caesum torque, Liv. 6, 42: corpus jacentis uno torque, id. 7, 10: jacentem veste, Nep. Thras. 2, 6: folliculos leguminum, to strip off, Petr. 135.
  2. II. Pregn., to rob, plunder, pillage, spoil; to deprive, despoil; usually: aliquem (aliquid) aliquā re, to deprive or rob one of something (the predominant signif. of the word; syn. praedor).
          1. (α) With acc.: Chrysalus me miserum spoliavit, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 8: meos perduelles, id. Ps. 2, 1, 8: spoliatis effossisque domibus, Caes. B. C. 3, 42 fin.: fana sociorum, Cic. Sull. 25, 71: delubra, Sall. C. 11, 6: templa, Luc. 3, 167; 5, 305: pars spoliant aras, Verg. A. 5, 661: deos, Luc. 1, 379; Quint. 6, 1, 3: spoliare et nudare monumenta antiquissima, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 14: pudicitiam, id. Cael. 18, 42: dignitatem, id. ib. 2, 3: spoliata fortuna, id. Pis. 16, 38.
          2. (β) Aliquem (aliquid) aliquā re: spoliatur lumine terra, Lucr. 4, 377: caput, i. e. of hair, Petr. 108: spoliari fortunis, Cic. Planc. 9, 22: Apollonium omni argento spoliasti ac depeculatus es, id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37: ut Gallia omni nobilitate spoliaretur, Caes. B. G. 5, 6: provinciam vetere exercitu, Liv. 40, 35: spoliata armis navis, Verg. A. 6, 353: magistro, id. ib. 5, 224: corpus spoliatum lumine, id. ib. 12, 935: Scylla sociis spoliavit Ulixen, Ov. M. 14, 71: penetralia donis, id. ib. 12, 246; 11, 514: te spoliare pudicā Conjuge, id. P. 4, 11, 8: ea philosophia, quae spoliat nos judicio, privat approbatione, omnibus orbat sensibus, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 61: regem regno, id. Rep. 1, 42, 65: aliquem dignitate, id. Mur. 41, 88; Caes. B. G. 7, 66: probatum hominem famā, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77: aliquem ornamento quodam, id. de Or. 2, 33, 144: aliquem vitā, Verg. A. 6, 168: spoliare atque orbare forum voce eruditā, Cic. Brut. 2, 6 et saep.: juris civilis scientiam, ornatu suo spoliare atque denudare, Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235.
          3. * (γ) In a Greek construction: hiems spoliata capillos, stripped of his locks, Ov. M. 15, 213.
          4. (δ) Absol.: si spoliorum causā vis hominem occidere, spoliasti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145.
            Hence, * spŏlĭātus, a, um, P. a., plundered, despoiled: nihil illo regno spoliatius, more impoverished, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4.

spŏlĭum, ii, n. [root spal- (skal-); cf.: populor, calamitas, calvus].

  1. I. Lit., the spoil of an animal, i. e. the skin or hide of an animal stripped off (so only poet. and very rare): pelles et spolia ferarum, Lucr. 5, 954: serpentum, id. 4, 62: leonis, Ov. M. 9, 113; 3, 81: apri, id. ib. 8, 426; id. H. 4, 100: pecudis (i. e. arietis Phrixei), id. ib. 6, 13; cf. id. M. 7, 156: viperei monstri (i. e. Medusae), id. ib. 4, 615.
  2. II. Transf., the arms or armor stripped from a defeated enemy; hence, in gen., any thing taken from the enemy, booty, prey, spoil (the predom. signif. of the word; usu. in plur.; cf.: exuviae, praeda): Salmacida spolia sine sudore et sanguine, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61 (Trag. v. 36 Vahl.): spolia ducis hostium caesi suspenso ferculo gerens in Capitolium ascendit ibique, Juppiter Feretri, inquit, haec tibi victor Romulus rex regia arma fero templumque dedico, sedem opimis spoliis, etc., Liv. 1, 10, 6 (v. opimus): spoliis decorata est regia fixis, Ov. M. 8, 154: spoliorum causā hominem occidere … cruenta spolia detrahere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145 sq.: multa spolia praeferebantur, Caes. B. C. 2, 39: ad ejus spolia detrahenda, Cic. Sest. 24, 54: indutus spoliis, Verg. A. 10, 775: victores praedā Rutuli spoliisque potiti, id. ib. 9, 450; 4, 93: virtutis honor spoliis quaeratur in istis, Ov. M. 13, 153: insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur, Verg. A. 6, 855: spolia jacentis hostium exercitus peditibus concessit, Liv. 44, 45: Q. Fabius spolia ducis Gallorum legens, id. 5, 36; so, legere, id. 5, 39; 8, 7; 27, 2 al.: spolia et praedas ad procuratores referre, Tac. A. 12, 54 et saep.: (forum) exuviis nauticis et classium spoliis (i. e. rostris) ornatum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; cf. Flor. 1, 11, 10: navalia, Suet. Aug. 18 fin.: illud natura non patitur, ut aliorum spoliis nostras facultates, copias, opes augeamus, Cic. Off. 3, 5, 22; id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8: spoliis civium exstructa domus, Tac. A. 15, 52: (delatores) sacerdotia et consulatus et spolia adepti, id. H. 1, 2.
          1. (β) Sing.: quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio, Verg. A. 10, 500: Actoris Aurunci spolium, id. ib. 12, 94: Asiam, spolium regis Antiochi, recepi, Sall. H. 4, 61, 11 Dietsch; Suet. Caes. 64; Just. 19, 3: fert secum spolium sceleris, Ov. M. 8, 87: mendici spolium, a beggar’s rags, Petr. 13, 1.
            Poet., in gen., = arma, arms, Ov. M. 13, 153.

sponda, ae, f.

  1. I. Lit., the frame of a bedstead, sofa, etc., Ov. M. 8, 657; Petr. 97, 4; 94, 8.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A bed, couch, sofa (syn. lectus), Verg. A. 1, 698; Hor. Epod. 3, 22; Ov. F. 2, 345; Mart. 3, 91, 9; Suet. Caes. 49.
    2. B. A bier, Mart. 10, 5, 9.

spondaeus, i, v. spondeus.

† spondăĭcus, v. spondiacus.

spondālĭum or spondaulĭum (the form is uncertain), ii, n., a sacrificial hymn, accompanied by the flute: spondalium canere, Diom. p. 472 fin. P.: spondalia dicens, etc., Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193 Orell. N. cr.

spondĕo, spŏpondi, sponsum, 2 (perf. spepondi, Cic., Caes., and Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 12 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 4358; without redup. sponderat, Tert. Carm. adv. Mart. 3, 135; subj. sponsis = spoponderis, an ancient formula of prayer in Fest. p. 351 Müll.), v. a. [akin with σπένδω, to pour out, = libare; cf. σπονδαί, league].

  1. I. Jurid. and publicists’ t. t.
    1. A. In bargains, covenants, treaties, etc., to promise solemnly, to bind, engage, or pledge one’s self (class.; syn.: recipio, stipulor, promitto; cf.: vadimonium obire, vadari); according to the civil law in its original form, it was essential to a binding contract verbally made (verbis) that a proposition and its acceptance should be expressed by the question spondes? and the answer spondeo; and only at a later period was the use of promitto, etc., valid (v. Sandars, Introd. ad Just. Inst. p. LV): verbis obligatio fit ex interrogatione et responsione, velut, Dari spondes? Spondeo. Dabis? Dabo. Promittis? Promitto; sed haec quidem verborum obligatio: dari spondes? spondeo, propria civium Romanorum est, cetera vero juris gentium sunt, Gai. Inst. 3, 91 sq.; Dig. 45, 1, 126; 45, 1, 133; cf. the whole title, ib. 45, 1: De verborum obligationibus: He. Aeternum tibi dapinabo victum, si vera autumas … Er. Sponden’ tu istut? He. Spondeo, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 118: qui stulte spondet, Cato ap. Rufin. 18, p. 210: quis stipulatus est? Ubi? Quo die? Quis spopondisse me dicit? Nemo, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 13: ut aliquando spondere se diceret, id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142: si quis quod spopondit, quā in re verbo se obligavit uno, si id non facit, etc., id. Caecin. 3, 7: faeneris, quod stipulanti spoponderam tibi, reliquam pensiunculam percipe, Col. 10 praef.: ego meā fide spondeo futurum ut omnia invenias, etc., Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10.
    2. B. To promise for another, to become security for a person, to enter bail, etc.: quod multis benigne fecerit, pro multis spoponderit, has become security, Cic. Planc. 19, 47: sed tamen scire velim quando dicar spopondisse et pro patre anne pro filio, id. Att. 12, 14, 2: quod pro Cornificio me abhinc annis XXV. spopondisse dicit Flavius, id. ib. 12, 17: et se quisque paratum ad spondendum Icilio ostendere, Liv. 3, 46, 7: sponsum diceres advocasse, Cic. Fragm. Clod. et Cur. 3, 4, p. 29 B. and K.: hic sponsum vocat, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 67: sponsum descendam, quia promisi, Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2.
      1. 2. Transf., of promises or pledges made in behalf of a government, etc.: non foedere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est … Spoponderunt consules, legati, quaestores, tribuni militum, Liv. 9, 5, 4: quod spondendo pacem servassent exercitum, id. 9, 8, 15: quid tandem si spopondissemus urbem hanc relicturum populum Romanum? id. 9, 9, 6: ea demum sponsio esset, quam populi jussu spopondissemus, id. 9, 9, 13: hosti nihil spopondistis, civem neminem spondere pro vobis jussistis, id. 9, 9, 16.
    3. C. Esp., to promise or engage in marriage, betroth: qui uxorem ducturus erat ab eo unde ducenda erat, stipulabatur eam in matrimonium ductam iri; qui daturus erat itidem spondebat. Tum quae promissa erat sponsa appellabatur, qui spoponderat ducturum, sponsus, Sulp. Dot. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: Ly. Istac lege filiam tuam sponden’ mihi uxorem dari? Ch. Spondeo. Ca. Et ego spondeo idem hoc, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 38 sq.; 2, 4, 172: Me. Etiam mihi despondes filiam? Eu. Illis legibus, Cum illā dote quam tibi dixi. Me. Sponden’ ergo? Eu. Spondeo, id. Aul. 2, 2, 78: Ph. Spondesne, miles, mi hanc uxorem? Th. Spondeo. Ph. Et ego huic victum spondeo, id. Curc. 5, 2, 73 sq.: sponden tu ergo tuam gnatam uxorem mihi? Ch. Spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34.
      Hence, of women, alicui sponsam esse, to be betrothed, engaged to a man: si volt Demipho Dare quantum ab hac accipio, quae sponsa est mihi, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 52: scis, sponsam mihi (esse)? id. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 6; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101 sq.; 2, 4, 172; 2, 4, 174; id. Poen. 5, 3, 43.
    4. D. = sponsionem facere (v. sponsio, II.), to lay a judicial wager, to enter into an agreement to pay contingent on the truth or falsity of an assertion: si hoc ita est, qui spondet mille nummūm? P. Afric. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 11, 9.
      So, absol.: cum illi jacenti latera tunderentur, ut aliquando spondere se diceret, should declare that he made the required wager, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (cf. sponsum, P. a. fin. infra); Dig. 11, 5, 3.
  2. II. In gen., to promise sacredly, to warrant, vow (class.).
      1. 1. With fut. inf.: promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51: ut (eum) inimicissimum huic conjurationi futurum esse, promittam et spondeam, id. Mur. 41, 90: et ipse spondeo et omnes hoc tibi tui pro me recipient, te fructum esse capturum, etc., id. Fam. 13, 50, 2: quis est qui spondeat eundum, si differtur bellum, animum postea fore, Liv. 5, 5, 9: quae si perpetua concordia sit, quis non spondere ausit, maximum hoc imperium brevi futurum esse? id. 5, 3, 10: spondebant animis id (bellum) P. Cornelium finiturum, with full conviction, id. 28, 38, 9; cf. id. 3, 59, 3: sponde affore reges, Val. Fl. 3, 504.
      2. 2. With inf. pres., to warrant, give assurance of an existing fact: spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M’. Curii mores, Cic. Fam. 13, 17, 2.
      3. 3. With acc. of thing (and often dat. pers.): quibus cum consulem suum reliquissent, honores et praemia spopondistis, Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28: mihi sex menses sati’ sunt vitae, septimum Orco spondeo, Poët. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22: ea spondent, confirmant, quae, quidem mihi exploratiora essent, si remansissem, Cic Att. 11, 6, 3: quod ego non modo de me tibi spondere possum, sed de te etiam mihi, id. Fam. 15, 21, 1: ac de infante (Tiberio) Scribonius mathematicus praeclara spopondit, Suet. Tib. 14: tantum sibi vel de viribus suis, vel de fortunā spondentes, Just. 3, 4, 1; Amm. 24, 1, 8: illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indi, Val. Fl. 6, 117: non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo, Verg. A. 5, 18: spondere fidem, Ov. M. 10, 395: officium Amori, id. ib. 10, 418.
      4. 4. Transf., of inanim. or abstract subjects (mostly poet. and post-Aug.): nec quicquam placidum spondentia Martis Sidera presserunt, Ov. Ib. 217: quod prope diem futurum spondet et virtus et fortuna vestra, Liv. 7, 30, 8: eorum hominum erat, qui, quantum spes spopondisset, cuperent, ni, etc., id. 45, 19, 7: magna de illo (Philippo) spes fuit propter ipsius ingenium, quod magnum spondebat virum, Just. 7, 6, 1.
        Hence, sponsus, a, um, P. a., promised, engaged, betrothed, affianced; substt,
    1. A. sponsus, i, m., a betrothed man, a bridegroom: virgo Sponso superba, Titin. ap. Non. 305, 5: accede ad sponsum audacter, id. ib. 227, 15; Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78: sponsus regius, Hor. C. 3, 2, 10.
      Poet., of Penelope’s suitors, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.
    2. B. spon-sa, ae, f., a betrothed woman, a bride: scio equidem, sponsam tibi esse et filium ex sponsā tuā, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 12; Ter. And. 2, 1, 24: flebilis sponsa, Hor. C. 4, 2, 21 et saep.
      Prov.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam, i. e. every one to his taste, Atil. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3.
    3. C. sponsum, i, n., a covenant, agreement, engagement: sponsum negare, to break or disown one’s pledge, Hor. S. 1, 3, 95: sponsus contra sponsum rogatus, Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.
          1. (β) Esp., a judicial wager (cf. sponsio, II.): ex sponso egit, Cic. Quint. 9, 32.

† spondēus (spondīus; sometimes incorrectly written spondaeus), i, m., = σπονδεῖος, of or belonging to libations; hence, substt.

  1. A. spondēum, i, n., a vessel used in making libations, App. M. 11, p. 266, 26.
  2. B. (Because of its prolonged, solemn character.) A spondee (metrical foot), Cic. Or. 64, 216; Quint. 9, 4, 80 sq.; Hor. A. P. 256; Aus. Ep. 21, 42.

spondīăcus (less correctly spondă-ĭcus), a, um, adj., = σπονδειακός, consisting of spondees, spondaic: versus, Diom. p. 494 P.: tractus, Terentian. ap. Prisc. Metr. p. 1321 P.

† spondylē (sphond-), ēs, f., = σπονδύλη, an insect that lives in the ground, and gnaws the roots of trees, Plin. 27, 13, 118, § 143.

† spondylĭon (sphond-) or -ĭum, ii, n., = σπονδύλιον (σφονδύλιον), the herb bear’s-foot, bear’s-wort, spicknel: Heracleum sphondylium, Linn.; Plin. 12, 26, 58, § 128; 24, 6, 16, § 25; Scrib. Comp. 2 and 5.

† spondylus (sphond-), i, m., = σπόνδυλος (σφόνδυλος).

  1. I. A joint of the spine, a vertebra, spondyle, Plin. 29, 4, 20, § 67; 32, 10, 38, § 116; Veg. Vet. 6, 1, 1.
  2. II. The hard white or muscle of an oyster or other bivalve, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 60; 32, 11, 54, § 154.
  3. III. A kind of muscle: Spondylus gaederopus, Linn.; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9; Mart. 7, 20, 14; Sen. Ep. 95, 26 and 28; Col. 8, 16, 7; Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 151.

† 1. spongĭa or spongĕa, ae, f., = σπογγιά.

  1. I. Lit., a sponge, Plin. 9, 45, 69, § 148; 31, 11, 47, § 123; Lucr. 4, 618; Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136; id. Sest. 35, 77; Varr. ap. Non. 96, 14; Mart. 12, 48, 7; 14, 144, 1; Sen. Ep. 70, 20; id. Ira, 3, 19, 3; Suet. Vesp. 16.
  2. II. Transf., of things resembling a sponge.
    1. A. An open-worked coat of mail, Liv. 9, 40, 3: retiariorum, Tert. Spect. 25.
      In a double sense, with the signif. I.: Ajax in spongeam incubuit, Aug. ap. Macr. S. 2, 4; cf. Suet. Aug. 85.
    2. B. The root of some plants; of asparagus, Col. 11, 3, 43; Plin. 19, 8, 42, § 146; Pall. Febr. 24, 8; id. Mart. 9, 11; of mint, Plin. 19, 8, 47, § 159.
    3. C. A kind of porous stone, pumice-stone, Vitr. 2, 6; Pall. 1, 10, 3.
    4. D. A kind of moss, Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 63.
    5. E. Fragments of iron melted, Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 146.

2. Spongĭa, ae, m., a proper name, perh. fictitious, in contempt, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 6.

spongĭo, āre, v. a. [spongia], to wipe off with a sponge, to sponge (late Lat.), perh. only Apic. 1, 26, and 8, 1.

spongĭŏla, ae, f. dim. [spongia].

  1. I. A rosegall, a spongy substance growing upon the wild rose-bush, Plin. 25, 2, 6, § 18.
  2. II. The small roots of the asparagus, Col. 11, 3, 44.

spongĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [spongia], a kind of small fungus or mushroom, Apic. 2, 1; 5, 1; 3, 20.

spongĭōsus or spongĕōsus, a, um, adj. [spongia], spongy, porous (post-Aug.): pulmo, Cels. 4, 1; Plin. 11, 37, 72, § 188: pumices, id. 36, 21, 42, § 155: panis, id. 18, 11, 27, § 105.

† spongītis, ĭdis, f., = σπογγῖτις [id.] (sponge-stone), a kind of precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 67, § 182.

spongĭus, a, um, adj. [spongia], spongy (late Lat.): lignum, Cassiod. Var. 11, 38.

† spongīzo, āre, v. a., = σπογγίζω, to wipe off with a sponge, to sponge, Apic. 7, 16; 8, 7.

spongos, i, m., a sponge (late Lat.), Juvenc. 4, 696.

spons, v. sponte.

sponsa, ae, v. spondeo, P. a., E.

sponsālīcĭus or -tĭus, a, um, adj. [sponsalia], of or belonging to betrothal, spousal (post-class.): arrha, Cod. Just. 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 1: donatio, Sid. Ep. 7, 2 med.

sponsālis, e, adj. [3. sponsus].

  1. I. Of or belonging to betrothal or espousal, spousal, sponsal (class.): quo die sponsum erat, sponsalis, Varr. L. L. 6, § 70 Müll.: tabulae, Hier. Ep. 54, 15: largitas, Cod. Th. 3, 16, 2.
  2. II. Substt.
    1. A. sponsālĭa, ĭum (gen. sponsaliorum, Sen. Ben. 1, 9, 4; Suet. Aug. 53), n.
      1. 1. A betrothal, espousal: sponsalia dicta sunt a spondendo. Nam moris fuit veteribus stipulari et spondere sibi uxores futuras, Dig. 23, 1, 2; where v. the whole section: De sponsalibus; and cf. Sulp. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: qui (homines missi) Romam venerant factis sponsalibus, Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Liv. 38, 57; Ov. H. 19 (20), 29: parare, Juv. 6, 25: decentissimum sponsaliorum genus, Sen. Ben. 1, 9, 4: dies sponsaliorum, Suet. Aug. 53; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.
      2. * 2. A betrothal feast: A. d. VIII. Id. Apr. sponsalia Crassipedi praebui, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 1.
      3. 3. A betrothal gift (post-class.), Cod. Just. 5, 3, 3; 5, 71, 8.
    2. * B. spon-sāle, is, n., a bridal bed, Tert. adv. Val. 31.

sponsĭo, ōnis, f. [spondeo], jurid. and publicists’ t. t., a solemn promise or engagement to some performance (in bargains, covenants, treaties, etc.); a promise, guarantee, security, sponsion for any one (freq. and class.; cf.: pactio, foedus).

  1. I. In gen.: sponsio appellatur omnis stipulatio promissioque, Dig. 50, 16, 7: voti sponsio, quā obligamur deo, Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41: Scandilium cogis sponsionem acceptam facere, id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139: per inducias sponsionem faciunt, uti, etc., made an agreement, Sall. J. 79, 4: non foedere pax Caudina sed per sponsionem facta est, by giving surety, Liv. 9, 5, 2: sponsione se obstringere, id. 9, 8, 4: sponsionem interponere, id. 9, 9, 4; and: tunc sponsio et pax repudietur … nec populus Romanus consulum sponsionem nec nos fidem populi Romani accusemus, id. 9, 11, 5: Ocriculani sponsione in amicitiam accepti, id. 9, 41, 20; 39, 43, 5 (but Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 26, is spurious; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).
  2. II. In partic., in civil suits, a mutual agreement or stipulation of the parties, that he who loses should pay a certain sum to him who gains the cause, a sort of wager at law: per sponsionem hoc modo agimus; provocamus adversarium tali sponsione: si homo quo de agitur ex jure Quiritium meus est, sestertios XXV. nummos dare spondes? Gai. Inst. 4, 93: condicio Quintio fertur, ut, si id factum negaret ceteraque, quae objecisset, sponsione defenderet sese, Liv. 39, 43, 5: in probrum suum sponsionem factam, id. 40, 46, 14; hence, sponsio (sponsionem facere) si non (ni), a wager that, to agree to make a payment if not: ut sponsionem facere possent, ni adversus edictum praetoris vis facta esset, Cic. Caecin. 16, 45: sponsio est, ni te Apronius socium in decumis esse dicat, id. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 135: sponsionem milium nummūm facere cum lictore suo, ni furtis quaestum faceret, id. ib. 2, 5, 54, § 131; cf.: jubet Quinctium sponsionem cum Sex. Naevio facere, si bona sua ex edicto dies XXX. possessa non essent, id. Quint. 8, 30; id. Fam. 7, 21 init.; id. Pis. 23, 55: sponsione optime facere posse, id. Caecin. 16, 45; id. Off. 3, 19, 77: Apronium sponsione lacessivit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132: sponsione vincere, id. Quint. 27, 84.
    Post-class., with quod: de sponsione quam is cum adversario, quod vir bonus esset, fecerat, Val. Max. 7, 2, 4: sponsionem provocare, quod, etc., id. 2, 8, 2; 6, 1, 10.
    With acc. and inf.: Cleopatra sponsione revocavit, insumere se posse, etc., Macr. S. 2, 13.
      1. 2. Hence, in gen., a bet, betting: audax, Juv. 11, 202.
    1. B. Meton., a sum of money deposited according to agreement, a stake, acc. to Varr L. L. 6, § 70 Müll.

* sponsĭuncŭla, ae, f. dim. [sponsio], a little engagement or stipulation, Petr. 58, 8.

sponso, āre, v. a. [sponsus], to betroth, affiance, espouse (post-class.).

  1. I. Lit.: aliquam, Dig. 23, 2, 38; Tert. Vel. Virg. 11.
  2. II. Trop.: animam, Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 43: et sponsabo te mihi in sempiternum, Vulg. Osee, 2, 19; 2, 20.

sponsor, ōris, m. [spondeo], one who becomes answerable for another.

  1. I. Lit., a bondsman, surety (cf.: vas; gen. vadis, praes, vindex): de tuo negotio, quod sponsor es pro Pompeio, si Galba consponsor tuus redierit, non desinam cum illo communicare, Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 3: sponsores et creditores L. Trebellii, id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; cf. id. Quint. 23, 73: sponsor promissorum alicujus, id. Att. 15, 15, 2; 1, 10, 6; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 2: si Pompeius mihi testis de voluntate Caesaris et sponsor est illi de meā, id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43; cf.: vel testis opinionis meae vel sponsor humanitatis tuae, id. Fam. 7, 5, 2: quem, inquis, deorum sponsorem accepisti? Sen. Ep. 82, 1; cf.: (Hymenaeus) mihi conjugii sponsor et obses erat, Ov. H. 2, 34.
    Poet., of a goddess: sponsor conjugii stat Dea picta sui, Ov. H. 16, 114.
  2. II. Transf. (eccl. Lat.), a godfather, godmother, sponsor, Tert. Bapt. 18 med.

sponsum, i, v. spondeo, P. a., C.

1. sponsus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of spondeo.

2. sponsus, i, v. spondeo, P. a., A.

3. sponsus, ūs, m. [spondeo], an engagement, betrothal; bail, suretyship (rare but class.): quod sponsu erat alligatus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 71 sq. Müll.: de sponsu si quid perspexeris, Cic. Att. 12, 19, 2: agere cum aliquo ex sponsu, Varr. 1. 1.: sponsu locare, Phaedr. 1, 16, 1; Sulp. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: lex Furia de sponsu adversus eum, qui, etc., Gai. Inst. 4, 22.

spontālis, e, adj. [sponte], voluntary (post-class.): parricidium, App. M. 4, p. 147, 25: sobrietas, id. ib. 11, p. 272, 30.
* Adv.: spontālĭter, voluntarily: facere (opp. coactus), Sid. Ep. 8, 9.

spontānĕē, adv., v. spontaneus fin.

spontānĕus, a, um, adj. [sponte], of one’s free will, voluntary, spontaneous (late Lat.): mors, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 22: voluntas, free will, Cod. Just. 2, 3, 2: benignitates numinum, Arn. 3, p. 114.
Adv.: spontānĕē, voluntarily, willingly, of one’s own mind: apparere tumores, Theod. Prisc. 1, 8; Vulg. 1 Pet. 5, 2; Hier. Ep. 52, n. 7.

sponte, abl., and spontis, gen. (perh. the only cases in use of a noun spons, assumed by Charis. p. 34 P., and Aus. Idyll. 12, 8, 11, as nom. But ad spontem is Müller’s reading, Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 72, for a sponte), f. [spondeo; prop. a pledging of one’s self to a thing; hence, opp. to external necessity or inducement, of free will, of one’s own accord].

  1. I. Sponte, in good prose always joined with meā, tuā, suā (poet. and in post-Aug. prose; also absol. or with gen.), of free will, of one’s own accord, of one’s self, freely, willingly, voluntarily, spontaneously (syn. ultro): sponte valet a voluntate, Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.: si imprudenter aut necessitate aut casu quippiam fecerit, quod non concederetur iis, qui suā sponte et voluntate fecissent, Cic. Part. Or. 37, 131: tuo judicio et tuā sponte facere, id. Fam. 9, 14, 2; cf.: Galliam totam hortatur ad bellum, ipsam suā sponte suoque judicio excitatam, id. Phil. 4, 3, 8: potius consuefacere filium, Suā sponte recte facere quam alieno metu, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 50: si hic non insanit satis suā sponte, instiga, id. And. 4, 2, 9: ut id suā sponte facerent, quod cogerentur facere legibus, Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: meā sponte (opp. invitatu tuo), id. Fam. 7, 5, 2: meā sponte (opp. monente et denuntiante te), id. ib. 4, 3, 1: non solum a me provocatus, sed etiam suā sponte, id. ib. 1, 7, 3: transisse Rhenum sese non suā sponte, sed rogatum et arcessitum a Gallis, Caes. B. G. 1, 44: et suā sponte multi in disciplinam conveniunt et a parentibus propinquisque mittuntur, id. ib. 6, 14: sive ipse sponte suā, sive senatusconsulto accitus, Liv. 10, 25, 12: quaesitum est, praecipitata esset ab eo uxor, an se ipsa suā sponte jecisset, Quint. 7, 2, 24: gaudeo id te mihi suadere, quod ego meā sponte pridie feceram, Cic. Att. 15, 27: sponte ipsam suāpte adductam, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.: me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam Auspiciis et sponte meā componere curas, Verg. A. 4, 341: interim sponte nostrā velut donantes, Quint. 3, 6, 8.
    Sometimes propriā for suā (late Lat.): sponte se propriā dederunt, Amm. 17, 2, 3: Richomeres se sponte obtulit propriā, id. 31, 12, 15.
          1. (β) Absol.: Italiam non sponte sequor, Verg. A. 4, 361: sponte properant, Ov. M. 11, 486: odio tyrannidis exsul Sponte erat, id. ib. 15, 62: sponte en ultroque peremptus, Stat. Th. 10, 809; cf.: multitudo sponte et ultro confluens, Suet. Caes. 16: nec illum sponte exstinctum, Tac. A. 3, 16: sponte judicioque plaudere, Quint. 8, 3, 4: opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae me deceat vel sponte fecisse, Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 11: equites Romani natalem ejus sponte atque consensu biduo semper celebrarunt, Suet. Aug. 57.
          2. (γ) With gen.: sponte deūm, according to the will of the gods, Luc. 1, 234 Cort.: sponte ducum, id. 1, 99: sponte deorum, id. 5, 136; Val. Fl. 4, 358: naturae, Plin. 7, prooem. 1, § 4; 9, 51, 74, § 160; 11, 49, 110, § 263; 14, 4, 6, § 53; Sil. 14, 153: principis, Tac. A. 2, 59: Caesaris, id. ib. 6, 31: praefecti, id. ib. 4, 7: incolarum, id. ib. 4, 51: litigatoris, id. ib. 13, 42; 7, 51; id. H. 4, 19; Curt. 4, 1, 16.
          3. (δ) Very rarely with a prep.: de tuā sponte, Cotta ap. Charis. p. 195 P.: a sponte, Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.; cf. § 71 sqq. ib.
    1. B. Transf., of one’s own will or agency (opp. to foreign participation or assistance), by one’s self, without the aid of others, alone (rare but class.): nequeo Pedibus meā sponte ambulare, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 46: nec suā sponte, sed eorum auxilio, Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3: cum oppidani autem etiam suā sponte Caesarem recipere conarentur, Caes. B. C. 3, 11 fin.: his cum suā sponte persuadere non possent, legatos ad Dumnorigem mittunt, ut eo deprecatore a Sequanis impetrarent, id. B. G. 1, 9: civitatem ignobilem atque humilem Eburonum suā sponte populo Romano bellum facere ausam, vix erat credendum, id. ib. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 65: judicium quod Verres suā sponte instituisset, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111: cum illa civitas cum Poenis suo nomine ac suā sponte bellaret, id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72: ecquis Volcatio si suā sponte venisset, unam libellam dedisset? id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26.
      1. 2. Of things concr. and abstr., of itself, spontaneously: is autem ardor non alieno impulsu sed suā sponte movetur, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32: ut cum suā sponte nullā adhibitā vi, consumptus ignis exstinguitur, id. Sen. 19, 71: natura videtur Ipsa suā per se sponte omnia dis agere expers, Lucr. 2, 1092: aliae (arbores) nullis hominum cogentibus ipsae Sponte suā veniunt, Verg. G. 2, 11; cf.: stellae sponte suā jussaene vagentur et errent, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 17: sapientem suā sponte ac per se bonitas et justitia delectat, Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26: res quae suā sponte scelerata est, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 108; id. Or. 32, 115: justitium in foro suā sponte coeptum prius quam indictum, Liv. 9, 7, 8: clamor suā sponte ortus, id. 9, 41, 17: id suā sponte ap parebat, id. 22, 38, 13: de capite signum in manum sponte suā delapsum, id. 27, 11, 3 ex loco superiore, qui prope suā sponte in hostem inferebat, id. 5, 43, 3: quod terra crearat Sponte suā, Lucr. 5, 938: sponte suā quae fiunt aëre in ipso, id. 4, 738: ut vera et falsa suā sponte, non alienā judicantur, Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 45: te Sponte suā probitas officiumque juvat, Ov. P. 2, 3, 34: sponte deae munus promeritumque patet (i. e. sine indice), id. F. 4, 394.
        Very rarely with quādam: litterae syllabaeque … orationem sponte quādam sequantur, Quint 5, 10, 125.
          1. (β) Absol.: ut numeri sponte fluxisse videantur, Quint. 9, 4, 147.
  2. II. spontis, only in the phrase suae spontis (esse).
    1. A. To be one’s own master, at one’s own disposal (very rare and mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): quod suae spontis statuerant finem, Varr. L. L. 6, § 71 Müll.: sanus homo, qui suae spontis est, nullis obligare se legibus debet, Cels. 1, 1.
    2. B. In Columella, of things, = suā sponte, of itself, spontaneously: altera (cytisus est) suae spontis, springs up spontaneously, Col. 9, 4, 2: ubi loci natura neque manu illatam neque suae spontis aquam ministrari patitur, id. 11, 3, 10.

spontis, v. sponte, II.

Spŏrădes, um, f., = Σποράδες, islands in the Ægean Sea, between the Cyclades and Crete, Mel. 2, 7, 11; Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 63.
Acc. Sporadas, Prisc. Perieg. 550.

sporta, ae, f. [cf. Gr. σπυρίς, basket σπάρτον, σπεῖρα], a plaited basket or ham per, Cato, R. R. 11, 4; Varr. and Sall. ap. Non. 177, 22 sq.; Col. 8, 7, 1; 12, 6, 1.

    1. 2. A sieve, Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77; Mart. 10, 37, 17; Dig. 33, 9, 3; Vulg. Matt. 15, 37; Inscr. Grut. 440, 8.

sportella, ae, f. dim. [sporta], a little basket, a fruit-basket, Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Petr. 40, 3; Suet. Dom. 4.

sportŭla, ae, f. dim. [sporta].

  1. I. Lit., a little basket: sportulam cape atque argentum, Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 1; id. Curc. 2, 3, 10; id. Stich. 2, 1, 17; App. M. 1, p. 113, 39; Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 8.
    In such little baskets it was customary for a great man to distribute presents of food or money to the mass of his clients, Juv. 1, 95; 3, 249; Suet. Ner. 16; Mart. 3, 14, 3; 14, 125, 2; 10, 27, 3.
    Hence, the emperor Claudius called the brief games which he gave to the people sportulae, acc. to Suet. Claud. 21.
    Prov.: sportulam furunculus captat, i. e. snatches at others’ little property, Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 16.
  2. II. Transf., a gift, present, in gen., Plin. Ep. 2, 14, 4; 2, 10, 118; Dig. 30, 1, 117; ib. 50, 2, 6; Cod. Just. 12, 21, 2.

sportŭlo, āvi, 1, v. n., to take the dole of a patron (late Lat.), Cypr. Ep. 6, 6.

Spŏrus, i, m., a eunuch, a favorite of Nero, Suet. Ner. 28; 46 al.